trade

Trade barriers may be defined as “artificial barriers/ restrictions imposed by countries on imports and exports of goods from other countries.” Trade barriers are artificial restrictions imposed by countries on trading and commercial activities between different countries. Such barriers...

OPPORTUNITIES : The creation of a single market offers significant opportunities because markets that were formerly protected from foreign competition are opened . fo example , in Europe before 1992 the large franch and Italian markets were amongst the most protected. These markets are now...

THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA) The government of the United States and Canada in 1988 had agreed to enter into a free trade agreement, which took effect on january1, 1989. The goal of the agreement was to eliminate all tariffs on bilateral trade between Canada and the United...

Trade Marketing: Chocolate and Confectionery purchase being impulse led, demands eye catching, on-the-cash-counter visibility in as many of these outlets as possible. In order to best meet their dealer's display and vending needs, they have invested in an array of inputs to the trade. • The...

TRADE UNION MOVEMENT ERA Conditions of the workers in the aftermath of factory system as an outcome in industrial revolution were very pathetic. The royal commission of labour in India (1911) under the chairmanship of J.H., Whitley recommended the abolition of the ‘jobber’ system. Basic...

STRENGTH OF TRADE UNION 1. In India there is a strong political backing for the trade unions. 2. Trade union are in a comfortable position & have a control over the management. 3. Employees have still believe in trade union as they belif the trade union really works for their welfare. 4...

Case study Of Oberoi Hotel MSKS also has a trade union existing in Oberoi Hotel (Mumbai). The employees used to get 65 days holiday per year. The management wanted to reduce 15 days holidays, due to some managerial issues. As this news spread among the workers, they readily and strongly...

Case study of Leela Hotel After the 9/11 Twin towers blasts in America, the adverse effects of it were also seen in India, when every thing came to a standstill. At that time Leela hotel decided to eliminate its 280 employees from its staff members because there was low salary available. Hence...

According to the trade unions, the privatization policy is not a “home-grown” product. They believe that the Indian government has been inspired and influenced by foreign-based multilateral bodies like the World Bank and the IMF. Instead of targeting the World Bank and the IMF for their...

Trade Union rights under threat 1. Trade unions are increasingly threatened. The new trends impact workers by undermining their Right to Freedom of Association. It also slows down or totally puts an end to their struggles for better wages, living conditions, health and safety, safe...

Impact of Globalization Global economic trends have put tremendous pressure on the working class. Global institutions governed by Capital, like WB-IMF-WTO, are putting tremendous pressure on Nation sates to rationalize labour laws and undermine trade union rights. This emerging global economic...

Variations across caste, linguistic and communal lines Trade unions in public sector industries are also divided along caste, linguistic and regional lines. The owners or the management of the industry use these divisions among the workers to their benefit. For example: In some of the sugar...

1. AICCTU stands for a resolute resistance to the offensive of capital against the Indian working class and the trade union movement. It is determined to put up a consistent fight in defence and for the extension of the rights and dignity of all workers and strive for the establishment of a...

All India Central Council of Trade Unions (AICCTU) All India Central Council of Trade Unions (AICCTU) is a fighting trade union centre of the Indian working class.Its founding conference was held in Chennai in May 1989. The second and third all-India conferences were held respectively in...

There are at present many Trade Union in India which regulates the aspirations of the working classes. The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) is the oldest Trade Union in India and till 1945 it remained the central trade union organization in India. Some others are like - • All India...

First phase During the period from 1950 to mid-1960s, the state had formulated a strategy based on planning and import substitution. During this era, public-sector employment and public-sector unionism rose phenomenally. Trade unions and bargaining structures were highly centralized...

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Developing economies, like India, have long debated the privatization of public sector enterprises. Historically, the Indian State took upon herself the responsibility to undertake investments in basic and strategic economic activities and to control and direct the private sector through a...

Classification of Trade Union 1) Craft union - recruiting members from specific trade or occupation. Often recruits came into the union through an apprenticeship system. Originally, craft unions aimed to preserve jobs within the trade exclusively for their members. Technological change...

Functions OF Trade Unions Trade unions perform a number of functions in order to achieve the objectives. These functions can be broadly classified into two categories: (i) Militant functions (ii) Fraternal functions Militant Functions One set of activities performed by trade unions leads...