trade

The United States and the European Union (EU) have the largest combined trade and investment relationship in the world. If intra-EU trade (trade among EU members) is included along with the EU's external trade, the United States and the European Union account for more than half of world trade in...

Fur farming is no crueller than other types of farming. An unhealthy, badly treated animal will have poor-quality fur, so it is in the interests of fur-farmers to look after them very well. In the past some fur farms were badly run, but modern methods are much kinder and there are strict rules...

Is a large North American free trade bloc a laudable project? Should it be supported, or is free trade in this area a curse rather than a blessing?

Craft Unions: *Earliest forms of trade unions. *Promote the skilled status of members *Recruit within a particular craft *Membership through apprenticeship system *Power in skill and ability to control entry into the profession, i.e. control supply of skill

Collective Bargaining: An ongoing process with employers, does not end with wages Representation: Election of shop steward, who are full time employees, and represent the interests of union members Collective Action: Workers go on strike Consumer Boycott: link with community to boycott...

Major Forms of Trade Allowances a. Buying Allowances: Typically when a manufacturer to get its new brand accepted by retailers. Deals offered periodically to trade that permit wholesalers and retailers to deduct a fixed amount from the invoice b. Promotional Allowances: Retailers receive...

Goals of a trade promotion are: 1. Stimulate in-store merchandising or other trade support, 2. Manipulate levels of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers, 3. Expand product distribution to new areas of the country or new classes of trade, 4. Create a high level of excitement about the...

Trade advertising is directed at wholesalers and retailers and represents 50% of the total promotional spending. Four goals of a trade promotion are:  Stimulate in-store merchandising or other trade support,  Manipulate levels of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers,  Expand product...

Entertainment markets, festivals and expos are like watering holes. Refreshing oases in the desert of massive populations who don’t share an individual’s interests. Many marketers attend to get face time with their vendors as much or more than they intent to sell their wares. Market time is...

The United States continues to be the largest importer from India (21 per cent), followed byMalaysia (seven per cent), UAE (six per cent) and UK (five per cent). .Kurien-The chairman of SPICES BOARD said in the export basket of spices and spice products, spice oils and oleoresins, including...

• Trade shows At trade shows, related products from many manufacturers are displayed and demonstrated to members of the trade. Literally, every industry has trade shows. Their representatives are there to explain the products and services and perhaps make an important contact for the sales...

• Trade coupons It is a manufacturer initiated sales promotion, however, the coupon distribution is undertaken by retailers, either through local print medium or in some other manner. The important thing about such coupons is that they can be redeemed only at the distributing store. There is...

Objectives for promotions in the trade market Generally speaking, when marketers devise incentives for the trade market, they are executing a push strategy – i.e. sales promotions directed at the trade help push a product into the distribution channel until it ultimately reaches the consumer...

TRADE PROMOTIONS Sales promotions can also be directed at members of the trade – wholesalers, distributors, and retailers. It is intended to stimulate demand in the short run and help push the product through the distribution channel more immediately. Effective trade promotions can generate...

Trade Sector Within the trade sector, wholesale and retail industries are effected directly by the demand for computer and video games. To avoid double counting the direct effect on the information sector, the direct effects on wholesale and retail “sales” are measured as wholesale and retail...

Trade strategy It appears that speculators or operators choose commodities or contracts where the market could be influenced and extreme speculations possible. In view of extreme volatilities, the FMC directs the exchanges to impose restrictions on positions and raise margins on those...

CLASSIFICATION OF TARIFFS D. On The Basis Of Trade Relations Between The Importing Country And Exporting Country: Here, tariffs are classified into following 3 categories: 1) Single Column Tariff: Under this system, the tariff rates are fixed for various commodities and the same rates...

TYPES OF TRADE BARRIERS Trade barriers can be broadly divided into the following two categories: 1. TARIFF BARRIERS AND 2. NON TARIFF BARRIERS. The following table indicates the type of trade barriers: TRADE BARRIERS Tariff barriers 1. Import Duties. 2. Export...

LIMITATIONS OF TRADE BARRIERS: 1. Trade barriers restrict the free movement of goods among the countries. Such situation is harmful to all participating countries. 2. The volume of world trade reduces considerably due to different types of trade barriers. 3. Countries are artificially kept...

OBJECTIVES/NEEDS/ADVANTAGES OF TRADE BARRIERS: (1)To Protect Home Industries From Foreign Competition: Tread barriers are imposed in order to give protection to home industries b avoiding completion from other countries. Such competition is harmful and may bring home industries in...