Description
Today's smart phones are stylish and versatile, packed with excited hardware features like touch screen, GPS, accelerator this allure developer to develop innovative mobile applications. This paper presents the development of a native mobile phone application with much greater accessibility features.
T
of
M
A Prroject Reporrt
Prresented to
The Faculty of the Deparrtment of
General Engineeriing
San J osee State Univeersity
In Part
f the Require
Master of Sc
Farz
Santh
Dec
tial Fulfillmeent
ements for thhe Degree
cience in Enggineering
By
zdeep Singh
hosh Gangul
h
la
cember 20099
2
©2009
Farzdeep Singh
Santhosh Gangula
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL ENGINEERING
_________________________________________________________
Prof. Morris J ones
University Reader,
Professor, Dept. Of Electrical Engineering. San J ose State University
_________________________________________________________
Mr. Santosh Gottipamula
Technical Advisor, MIPS Technologies
_________________________________________________________
Dr. Leonard Wesley
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering,
San J ose State University
4
ABSTRACT
Developing a LBS Mobile Phone Application for Android Platform
Today’s smart phones are stylish and versatile, packed with excited hardware features
like touch screen, GPS, accelerometer this allure developer to develop innovative mobile
applications. This paper presents the development of a native mobile phone application
with much greater accessibility features. This paper also presents a business opportunity
that exists for this mobile application by examining the market opportunities and
technical aspects of the target platform. The end product will be an integrated location
based service (LBS) application concentrating on Google Android platform. Developing
native application can enhance the performance and usability of the application and
concentrating on the Google Android mobile phone platform opens a large space to
market the application, creating a business opportunity.
5
Table of Contents
1.0 INT ION ................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 HYPOTHESIS ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
RODUCT
2.0 LITE R ................................................................................................................... 9
WHY CHOOS
RATU E REVIEW ..
2.1 E GOOGLE ANDROID? .............................................................................................................. 11
2.2 ANDROID ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................................................................ 11
2.3 TOOLS USED ................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.0 ECONOMIC J TIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 14
RODUCTION .............
US
3.1 INT .................................................................................................................................. 14
INESS P 3.2 BUS LAN .............................................................................................................................................. 14
ANY S 3.2.1 COMP UMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 14
ISSION 3.2.2 M ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
BJECTIVES .. ................ 3.2.3 O ... ............................................................................................................................ 15
KEYS TO UCCESS ..... 3.2.4 S .................................................................................................................................. 15
INVESTM NT SUMM 3.2.5 E ARY ............................................................................................................................ 16
OMPANY 3.3 C OWNERSHIP ................................................................................................................................. 16
O PANY L ATION ........ 3.4 C M OC ............................................................................................................................. 17
R DUCTS 3.5 P O ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
RODUCT SCRIPTION ................... 3.5.1 P DE . ........................................................................................................ 17
FUTURE PRODUCTS ........... 3.5.2 ......................................................................................................................... 19
RODU M 3.5.3 P CT ARKETING STRATEGIES ....................................................................................................... 19
COMP 3.6 COMPETITIVE ARISON ......................................................................................................................... 21
ARKET E ........ ....... 3.7 M SIZ ... ................................................................................................................................ 21
ENUE GROWTH ............. ...... 3.8 REV ... .................................................................................................................. 24
OME & BREAK 3.9 INC EVEN ............................................................................................................................... 25
OJEC P 3.9.1 PR TED ROFIT AND LOSS ................................................................................................................. 26
3.9.2 DEPRECIATION ............................................................................................................................................ 27
3.9.3 BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................. 28
4.0 PRO T SCHEDULE ..................................................................................................................... 29
4.1 PHASE?1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
4.2 PHASE?2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 30
JEC
5.0 TEA A MITTEE .............................................................................................................. 31
5.1 THE TEAM ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
5.2 THE COMMITTEE ............................................................................................................................................ 31
M ND COM
6. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................... 33
7. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 34
6
List of Tables
1. Summary of Mobile Phone Platforms Requirements ...................................................... 10
2. Statup Summary .......................................................................................................................... 16
3. Market Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 23
4. ProForma Profit and Loss ......................................................................................................... 26
5. Depreciation ..................................................................................................................................... 26
L
ist of Figures
1. Mobile Content and Application Development Dependencies ..................................... 9
2. Android Architecture .................................................................................................................... 12
3. Highlights .......................................................................................................................................... 15
4. US Mobile Phone Penetration ................................................................................................... 22
5. Projected Sales ................................................................................................................................. 23
6. US Mobile Phone Penetration ................................................................................................... 24
7. Break Even Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………27
7
1.0 Introduction
Mobile technology has shown greater advancement from past few years, and Mobile
phones are the backbone of this technology. Today’s mobile phones are lot more
than a communication device, there are around 2?Billion mobile phones working
presently and their usage is increasing drastically. A mobile phone is functionally
divided in to two parts: communication part and application part. The later part
offers a revolutionary use of a mobile phone. Present 3?G phones have applications
for anything such as an application for tracking your parked car, locating near by
coffee shop, finding a hotel in town. Providing applications to increase the
functionality of the mobile phones will be a serious Business idea. Targeting in
providing applications, which integrate much usability will be in strong demand
among the Mobile phone users and service providers. (Java World, (2009)).
1.1Problem Statement
Mobile Phone applications have increased the usability of the present day Mobile
Phones. There are around five major mobile phone platforms today, developing a
common application that runs this platform is a smart and cost effective idea. But
these common applications lack the accessibility of the security features of the
application and diminish the performance of the application. And other issue with
the common application is its functionality as these applications are fragmented and
not integrated with other application. For example, knowing a departmental store is
not worth enough without knowing its operation hours and contact details. A user
has to buy many applications to solve a common purpose. Developing one
application which Integrates all the uses like locating nearest departmental store,
8
nearest movie theaters, movie timings, contact information and directions really
solves the purpose of the user by a single application and making the phone
productive. Developing a native application can solve these issues.
1.2Hypothesis
Developing a Native Mobile Phone application can,
• Increase the accessibility of the application.
• Increase performance of the application.
• Can make use of the security features of the device.
2.0
Deve
Typic
Softw
at dif
Inter
funct
devic
a Mo
avail
deplo
Literatur
eloping a mo
cally the ap
ware platfor
fferent level
rfaces (API’s
tionalities th
ce. The figu
bile phone
able for the
oyed.
re Review
obile phone
plication de
rm. The app
ls. Developm
s) that prov
hat are used
ure below sh
application
e specific ap
w
e application
eveloped is
plication to b
ment platfo
vide access t
d by the app
hows the sta
. Developer
plication an
n presents s
restricted w
be develope
rms are the
to certain m
plications to
acked view
r must be fu
nd the platfo
several tech
with the mo
ed has devel
e set of Appl
mobile devic
o function o
of developm
lly aware of
orm the app
nological ch
bile Hardwa
lopment de
lication Prog
e and netwo
n a particul
ment depen
f the consum
plication is t
hallenges.
are &
pendencies
gramming
ork
lar mobile
dencies for
mer market
to be fully
Figur
(Tarn
re 1: Mobil
nacha& Mai
le Content a
itland, 2006
and Applic
6)
cation Deveelopment DDependenci
s
t
ies
9
A sur
platfo
the m
accur
Tabl
Desig
deve
platfo
deve
optio
rvey conduc
orms availa
mobile phon
rate platfor
Satisfied
le1: Summ
gn and deve
loping appl
orm is not p
lopment pla
ons. Of all th
cted by Earl
able for appl
nes created
m from the
d: ! Partiall
mary of Mob
elopment of
ications for
portable to t
atforms but
he mobile ph
l Oliver and
lication dev
an opportun
available p
ly Satisfied
bile Phone
f application
r PC's. The a
the other pl
t they differ
hone platfor
David R. Ch
velopment; t
nity for mob
latforms is
d: ~ Not Sat
Platforms
ns for mobil
application d
latform. The
in developm
rms availab
heriton disc
the report s
bile researc
the unresol
tisfied: O
Requireme
le phones is
developed f
ere are man
ment model
ble, recent d
cusses vario
says the pro
chers, but se
lved questio
ents
s entirely dif
for one mob
ny mobile ap
ls and Comm
evelopment
ous mobile
oliferation o
electing an
on.
f
1
fferent from
bile phone
pplication
munication
t of Open
m
0
11
Handset Alliance's Android supported by Google has gained more popularity since
its official release in October 2008. Android is the open source mobile platform
powered by Linux and supported by Google.
2.1 Why Choose Google Android?
The following stands as some of the primary reasons according to the research
which answers the question Why choose Android?,
?Android is available to any developer for free.
?All applications are of equal importance i.e., even phones basic features live dialing
is replaced by third party application.
?Android combines the contact details from mobile phone to web, for determining
the geographic locations.
?Android includes SDK in order to hasten application development.
2.2Android Architecture
Developing a mobile application for native platforms gives access to Device features
like location, communication etc, this access to the primary device features increase
the application performance and increases the security aspects of the application.
The architecture of the android must be clearly understood before developing any
application for android. (Padiadpu, 2008)
Figur
The b
Linux
came
basic
Linux
fram
prog
Pack
the a
re 2: Andro
bottommost
x 2.6 Kernel
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c essentials
x kernel con
ework and
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oid Archite
t layer of An
l, which inc
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that require
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anguage and
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in built and
ecture (Pad
ndroid arch
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er manages
ed for the d
raries that a
e application
d includes m
Manager, T
d third party
diadpu, 2008
hitecture is t
e necessary
memory, pe
evice functi
act an interf
n framewor
main compon
Telephony M
y applicatio
8)
the internal
y device driv
erformance
ioning. The
face betwee
k layer is en
nents like A
Manager and
ons run on t
operating s
vers like dis
e, network a
next layer a
en applicatio
ntirely writt
Activity Man
d Content P
he top most
system
splay,
and all the
above the
on
ten in Java
nager,
rovider. All
t layer of the
12
13
overall architecture. By this constructive architecture and open source developing
applications for Android is a real win?win situation.
2.3 Tools used
Android 1.5 SDK
Android 1.5 SDK is a set of development tools to create applications for Android
Mobile Platform or Android powered mobile devices. This development kit includes
a debugger, libraries, and handset emulator with proper documentation and
tutorials. Eclipse is the officially supported IDE for Android SDK. Android
Development Plug?in (ADT) is needed to run this SDK on Eclipse.
Android Dev Phone
When building mobile phone applications it’s necessary to test on a real mobile
phone device before releasing to the users. Android Dev Phone is a SIM and
Hardware unlocked phone used by developers to test their applications. This device
fully supports Android 1.0 version.
Eclipse
Version 3.4Ganymede
Eclipse is a universal tool kit for software development, it’s a multi language
development platform comprising of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
and plug?ins to extend the functionality.
14
3.0 Economic Justification
3.1 Introduction
A large market is currently open for mobile phone application and LBS application
can stand as the other stream of additional revenue that can be easily generated
from the significant investments in the mobile phone application. As the Google's
Android mobile phone OS is widely accepted by various mobile phone companies
and related service providers, creating an LBS application for such mobile operating
system opens a broad market. The native mobile phone application developed
comes in to existence as I?Bee under Mobile Bee’s Inc. The Business plan of the
product is discussed in the following section.
3.2 Business Plan
3.2.1 Company Summary
Mobile Bee’s Inc is the small start?up organization whose vision is to
develop/support native mobile phone applications. Major focus of the organization
is to develop Location Based Service (LBS) application for Google Android Mobile
Operating System. Mobile Bee’s core team has handful experience in Android mobile
platform and application development for mobile devices. Mobile Bee’s is
committed to creating high quality, innovative and successful native mobile phone
applications. (Business Plans, 2009)
We offer the following:
Application concepts and development for Android Platform.
Focus on different application like personal development tools and weather
monitoring for mobile devices.
Interface design for the application and its software enhancement.
3.2.2 Mission
The Mission of Mobile Bee’s is to provide affordable, highest quality innovative
native mobile phone applications to the mobile phone industry.
3.2.3 Objectives
Mobile Bee’s objectives are as follows:
ion. Achieve sales goal of $50,000 during the first year of operat
Increase the sales by 10% by the second year of operation.
Expand the market to 4 other mobile phone platforms by the third year of
operation
Figure3 Highlights
3.2.4 Keys to Succe
The keys to our success
ss
15
Building healthy alliance with the mobile phone platform developers, mobile
phone service providers and mobile phone manufacturers.
16
Manage the business by balancing the fundamentals of the balanced
scorecard which include
o the results. Customer Satisfaction Goals compared to
o Financial Goals compared to the results.
results. o Business Process Goals compared to the
Offer high?end innovative native applications.
3.2.5 Investment Summary
Planned Investment
Investor?1 $10,000
Investor?2 $10,000
Long Term Loan $20,000
Total Planned Investment $40,000
Start?up Expenses
Legal Expenses $1,500
Computer Equipments $10,000
WebSite $1,000
Office Equipment $2,000
Membership Fees $500
Other $5,000
Total Start?Up Expenses $20,000
Start?up Assets
Computer Equipments $10,000
Office Equipment $2,000
Other Assets $0
Statup inventory $0
Total Assets $12,000
Table2: Stat up Summary
3.3 Company Ownership
Mobile Bee’s Inc is owned and managed by its team of developers. Company is
expecting external funding after its first year of operation Mobile Bee’s anticipates
2
17
to release the first product in January 2010 and beta version to be released in
November 2009.
3.4 Company Location
The commercial office space of Mobile Bee’s will be established in Murphy Business
Center, under a two?year lease starting from December 2009 with an option to
renew every 60 days thereafter. There is approximately 450sq. ft. capable of
housing 5 workstations. Murphy Business Center is located in the center of Silicon
Valley, CA. Which is a hub for software development and a huge market and
development space.
3.5 Products
Mobile Bee’s LBS application I?Bee for Google Android mobile phone platform is for
users travel related findings in the town like nearest hotels, restaurants, pubs,
locksmiths, flight arrivals, taxi stand, nearest transit center and many more. I?Bee
can recommend a spot for you according to the reviews and navigate you to the site
giving its operating hours and other necessary details.
3.5.1 Product Description
Application to be developed will be named as I?Bee. I?Bee is Location based Service
application with primary features are navigation and mapping locations around the
phone location or preferred location. There are three main features available in I?
Bee, they are:
1. Bee around
ed Bees . Tagg
3. Ami
Figru
Bee A
impo
accor
callin
Tagg
locat
featu
can k
frien
find o
autom
ure4 Over
Around is th
ortant locati
rding to zip
ng the searc
ged Bee featu
tions withou
ure we can d
know their l
ds, using GP
out where t
matically up
view of the
he generic fe
ions around
codes. Mor
ched store o
ure one can
ut any re?en
dynamically
location stat
PS of the ph
they are, ma
pdate your l
e Applicatio
eature availa
d the mobile
re interactiv
or know the
n tag their fr
ntry.Amiis ot
y view the lo
tus and upd
hone. You ca
aking it easy
location, un
on Ami
able in I?Be
e phone as p
ve methods
operation h
riends and f
ther import
ocation of yo
dates.Ami Sh
an let your f
y to meet up
nless you tel
e, main func
per the user
are include
hours of the
family locati
tant feature
our friends
hares your l
friends know
p for a good
ll it to.
ction is to b
r need or it c
d in the app
e store etc. T
ions and na
e of I?Bee, th
on your pho
location wit
w where you
time.Ami w
bee around
can search
plication lik
Through
vigate to th
hrough this
one and you
th your
u are and
won’t
ke
e
u
18
19
The integrated and highly interactive features stand as unique selling point of the
application. This type of application saves time and money of the user in solving the
needs of mobile mapping with increased usability.
3.5.2 Future Products
Beginning at the start?up stage we explore about innovative application for Android
Platforms. Our future products will be according to the market needs, we planed to
focus on personal development tools and business related tools. Mobile Bee’s works
with the universities to create mobile application for student and faculty services.
3.5.3 Product Marketing Strategies
As the application is of low cost we don’t look for high cost marketing strategies. But
to reach our sales goals we need more cost?effective and more reachable marketing
strategies. Mobile Bee’s Inc has figured following cost?effective strategies to market
I?Bee application, they are:
• Trade Shows
• Word of Mouth
• Referral program
• ebsites, Twitter, Face book) Internet?based (W
• Viral marketing
Trade Showsare the exhibitions organized by companies to showcase their products
and demonstrate them, we plan to show case our application in all mobile
application trade show happening every month. Trade shows have been cost?
20
effective primary market strategies for many businesses and can acquire many
customers as possible.
Word of Mouth marketing can penetrate very insignificant market segments. This
incorporates various subcategories like buzz, blog, and social media marketing. We
expect much of our sales figure raise by this marketing strategy. This strategy is
spontaneous and is achieved without any form of structured strategy.
Referral Programis a type of Internet marketing, which usually adds with word of
mouth. Referrals are very cost?effective in some cases free or fraction of what we
spend on advertising. This type of strategy transfers the trust of the company prom
person to person.
InternetBased Marketingalso known as I?marketing, in this we include banner ads
on different on specific web sites and e?mail marketing and we market by creating
groups in social networking web?sites like facebook, twitter etc. I?marketing is
relatively inexpensive when compared to the ratio of cost against the reach of the
target audience. Companies can reach a wide audience for a small fraction of
traditional advertising budgets.
Viral Marketingincludes video clips of application on social networks to increase in
awareness of the application. This include in creating viral messages to the
particular market segment and sending it through social networks. The assumption
of this type of marketing is that if a advertisement reaches a "susceptible" user, that
user will become "infected" (i.e., accept the idea) and will then go on to share the
21
idea with others "infecting them," in the viral analogy's terms. Harvard business
school graduates coined this term.
3.6Competitive Comparison
Apples App Store stands as our major competitor, App store develops and markets
applications for mobile phones powered with Apple OS unfortunately Apple I?Phone
2G & 3G are the only mobile phones powered by Apple OS, Unlike Android
developed by Google and Open Handset Alliance is open source Mobile OS which can
be configured on any Mobile Phone. Presently HTC has released Android powered
mobile phone in October 2008 with T?Mobile and has around 1 million mobile
phones on the market. By the third quarter of 2009 five mobile phone
manufacturers have announced the release of Android powered Mobile Phones.
Initially me may have some though competition from Apple App Store and other
mobile manufactures Application store, but in future Android is the future of Mobile
OS. AppVee stands, as our direct competitors it is a San Francisco based company
developing applications for Android and I?phone. Understanding the target market
need stands as our competitive advantage.
3.7Market Size
A research study titled “A Survey of Platforms for Mobile Networks Research”
by Earl Oliver and David R. Cheriton says the sales of SMART phones increased by
60% to nearly 115 millions and by 2010 this surpass the sales of Laptops. Recent
survey state that half of the US mobile phone application revenue is from Location?
Based Service Applications. Telephia (A service of The Nielsen Company) reported
that in the Q2 of 2008 Approximately 13 million mobile consumers downloaded a
mobile application on their phone. LBS accounted for 51% of the $118 million
generated in revenue by downloadable mobile applications such as LBS, weather
applications, chat/community, and personal management tools.
(Nielsen,2009)Around 47 technologies and mobile companies under Open Handset
Alliance came up with free open source mobile platform Android. The mobile phone
manufacturers include Samsung, Sony Ericssion, Motorola, Vodafone, Huawei and
Toshiba this stands alone as the strongest evidence for subsequent growth of
Android and potential market for the various applications in Android.
All the Android platform users stand as our target market but at present we have 1
million G?Phone users as our potential buyers. Presently there is no market
segmentation as we have only one segment of customers who uses android powered
HTC phone (G?Phone). Coming to the market according to the type of applications,
at present Location based service shares larger volume and followed by games and
music related applications. (Business Plans, 2009)
22
T 3 Market Analysis able
Potential Customers Growth 2010 2011 2012
HTC Dreams 3% 900,000 927,000 954,000
Motorola 4% 100,000 104,000 108,000
Huawei Technologies 2% 50,000 51,000 52,000
Sonny Ericsson 7% 100,000 107,000 114,000
Samsung 5% 80,000 84,000 88,000
Acer 3% 30,000 31,200 32,400
Figur
We p
grow
Erics
Sams
Andr
re5 Availa
projected ou
wth rate. HT
sson stands
sung, Motor
roid powere
able Marke
ur available
C G?phone s
has our sec
rola, Huawe
ed and to be
Availa
et for Differ
market for
stands has o
cond biggest
ei and Acer.
e released in
able Ma
App
rent Applic
three years
our major m
t market wi
All the phon
n 3Q of 2009
arket fo
plication
ations
s of our ope
market and A
ith higher gr
nes from th
9
or differ
ns
LBS
Pers
Mus
Gam
Busi
Edu
ration with
Android pow
rowth follow
ese manufa
rent
& Life Style
sonal Organiza
sic
mes
iness & Financ
cation
ational Tools
ce
minimal
wer Sonny
wed by
acturers are
23
Figur
3.8R
A res
depic
perce
popu
incre
The p
But A
avera
the s
re6 Projec
Revenue
search rece
cts that 84%
ent goes on
ulation grow
ease in mob
present lead
App Store is
age revenue
econd quar
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
cted Sales
Growth
ntly conduc
% of US popu
increasing
wth of 1%. T
ile phone m
ding mobile
s limited for
e of $1 Milli
rter of 2008
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
00,000
cted by Esse
ulation has
by 3% ever
The graph be
market drive
e application
r application
on a day an
with 15,00
FY2010
ential Media
a mobile ph
ry year over
elow depict
es applicatio
n developer
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nd making th
0 applicatio
FY2011
a and Comm
hone at the
r the next de
ts this inform
on develope
rs are App S
ne and App S
he gross rev
ons. (Nielse
FY20
munication I
end of 2007
ecade –vers
mation.This
ers to the fre
tore from A
Store has ge
venue of $1.
en,2009).
012
Optim
Pesim
2
Intelligence
7 and this
sus entire U
s massive
ee market.
Apple Inc.
enerated
.2 billion in
mistic Project
mistic Project
ted Sales
ed Sales
S
4
Figur
[Sou
3.9In
The f
figur
inves
comp
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assum
•
•
re7 US Mo
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ncome &
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res for first t
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patible with
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We assum
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Even
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of operatio
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h plans and
ant assumpt
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e no unpred
ion
L Financial]
c. The variou
n. This plan
ments from
customer v
tions to brin
major recess
dicted chang
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us tables an
n will not ca
outside if in
values.
ng up the fin
ions.
ges in the te
nd chart disp
all for outsid
nvestors are
nancial plan
echnology.
2
play annual
de
e
l
n, the key
5
26
• We assume that we have sufficient finance to maintain the business as shown
in the tables. (Business Plans, 2009).
3.9.1 Projected Profit and Loss
As a Business organization we don’t expect to decrease the sales and our marketing
expenses as the software business heavy marketing. We also plan to spend 15% of
our increase in revenue on product development and research. (Business Plans,
2009).
FY2010 FY2011 FY2012
Sales $50,000 $75,000 $90,000
Expenses
Startup Expenses $20,000
Payroll $35,000 $45,000 $50,000
Sales and Marketing Expenses $6,000 $8,000 $10,000
Depreciation $1,200 $1,000 $780
Leased Equipment $0 $0 $0
Utilities $800 $850 $900
Insurance $1000 $1000 $1000
Rent $4,000 $4,200 $4,350
Office Supplies $350 $400 $450
IT and Networking Expenses $1,000 $1,200 $1,400
Payroll Taxes $7,000 $9,000 $10,000
Other $0 $0 $0
27
Total Operating Expenses $76,350 $69,650 $78,880
Net Profit ?????? $6,350 $11,120
Net Loss $16,350 ?????? ??????
Net Profit/Sales ?????? 8.4% 12.33%
Net Loss/Sales 22.7% ?????? ??????
Table4 ProForma Profit and Loss
3.9.2 Depreciation
Book Value
Beginning of
Year
Depreciation
Rate
Depreciation
Expenses
Accumulated
Depreciation
Book Value
End Of t
he Year
$12,000
10% $1,200
0
$1,200 $10,000
$10,000
$7,800
10%
10%
$1,00
$780
$2,200
$2,980
$7,800
$4,820
Table5 Depreciation
3.9.33 Break E Even Anaalysis
Figurre7 Break k Even Anallysis
28
4.0 Project S
4.1 PPhase-1
Schedule
29
4.2 PPhase-2
30
31
5.0 Team and Committee
5.1 The Team
Farzdeep Singh
He is an international student from Delhi, India. He earned a degree in
Masters in Computers Application from Pune University. He is a current MSE
student at San Jose State University with a concentration in Networking and
Logistics.
Santhosh Gangula
He is an international student from India. He earned his degree in Electrical
Engineering from JawaharLal Technological University, Hyderabad. He is a current
MSE student at San Jose State with a concentration in Software Testing and Supply
Chain Management.
5.2 The Committee
Dr. Morris Jones
Dr. Jones is our university reader. He worked for Intel more than 8 years. He
recently retired from Intel and is a current full?time EE faculty at San Jose State
University. He has a strong knowledge and real?world industry experience. Dr. Jones
will guide and support our project from the start to finish.
32
Santosh Gottipamula
SantoshGotttipamula is an alumni of San Jose State. He earned Masters
Degree in Computer Engineering at SJSU. He is currently a Software Engineer at
Yellow Pages Inc, San Francisco. He has extensive experience in developing Mobile
Applications and Software Quality Assurance and Testing.
33
6. Conclusion
This paper discussed the advantages of developing a native mobile phone
application and also presented a Business opportunity in the technical field
discussed. The end product, which is a native mobile phone application for Google
Android platform, will be a profitable business venture. The developed application
can be used on any mobile device powered by Android irrespective of device
configuration. The end product (I?Bee) is highly functional and can use the device
internal features compared to non?native applications and turns to be cost effective
compared to other applications in the market.
34
7. References
?Java World, (2009). Six Mobile Platform Compared. Retrieved February 14, 2009,
Website: http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw?01?2009/jw?01?six?mobile?
platforms?compared.html
?Ibm developers work, (2008). Java Library. Retrieved February 14, 2009, Website:
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/wi?j2me/
?Krol, P., Nowak, P.,Sakowicz, B. (2007). Mobile Banking Services Based On
J2ME/J2EE (2007) CAD Systems in Microelectronics, 2007.CADSM '07. 9th
International Conference, 487 ? 490 19?24 Feb. 2007, Retrieved February 19, 2009.
?Sample Business Plans (Business Plans, 2009) Sample Business Plans for
Computing Consulting Firms, retrieved from
http://www.bplans.com/computer_consulting_repair_and_reseller_business_plan_t
emplates.cfm
?Baker, C. &Noler, D. (2008). Using Android in Education for Mobile Device.
? Nielsen, (2009) Retrieved on March 7 , 2009, from Nielsen MobileWeb site:
ttp://www.nielsenmobile.com/html/LBS_PressRelease_Q207.html h
?Padiadpu, R. (Padiapu, 2008). Towards Mobile Learning: A SCORM Player for the
oogle Android Platform. G
?Tarnacha, A., Maitland, C. F. (Tarnacha, 2006). Entrepreneurship in Mobile
pplication Development. A
?Oliver, E. (Olive, 2008). A Survey of Platforms for Mobile Networks Research.
35
?Ibm developers work, (2008). Java Library. Retrieved February 14, 2009, Website:
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/wi?j2me/
?Umphress, D., Cross, J., Jain, J., Meda, N., &Barowski, L. (n.d.). Bringing J2ME
Industry Practice into the Classroom.
? Nielsen, (2009) Retrieved on March 7 , 2009, from Nielsen MobileWeb site:
ttp://www.nielsenmobile.com/html/LBS_PressRelease_Q207.html h
?Paulos, E., Vora, P., Joki, A., & Burke, A. (2007). Any Phone:Mobile Applications for
veryone. E
?Schmidt,, A., Holleis, P., Häkkilä, J., &Atterer, R. (n.d.). Mobile Phones as Tool to
ncrease Communication and Location Awareness of Users. I
Burns, J. (2008). Developing secure mobile applications for android. ?
?Church, K., Smyth, B., Cotter, P., & Bradley, K. (2007). Mobile Information Access: A
tudy of Emerging Search Behavior on the Mobile Internet. S
?Dyer, A. &Mahmoud, Q. (2007). Integrating BlackBerry Wireless Devices into
omputer Programming and Literacy Courses. C
?Fritsch, T., Ritter, H., & Schiller, J. (2006). User Case Study and Network Evolution
in the Mobile Phone Sector.
doc_340390159.pdf
Today's smart phones are stylish and versatile, packed with excited hardware features like touch screen, GPS, accelerator this allure developer to develop innovative mobile applications. This paper presents the development of a native mobile phone application with much greater accessibility features.
T
of
M
A Prroject Reporrt
Prresented to
The Faculty of the Deparrtment of
General Engineeriing
San J osee State Univeersity
In Part
f the Require
Master of Sc
Farz
Santh
Dec
tial Fulfillmeent
ements for thhe Degree
cience in Enggineering
By
zdeep Singh
hosh Gangul
h
la
cember 20099
2
©2009
Farzdeep Singh
Santhosh Gangula
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL ENGINEERING
_________________________________________________________
Prof. Morris J ones
University Reader,
Professor, Dept. Of Electrical Engineering. San J ose State University
_________________________________________________________
Mr. Santosh Gottipamula
Technical Advisor, MIPS Technologies
_________________________________________________________
Dr. Leonard Wesley
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering,
San J ose State University
4
ABSTRACT
Developing a LBS Mobile Phone Application for Android Platform
Today’s smart phones are stylish and versatile, packed with excited hardware features
like touch screen, GPS, accelerometer this allure developer to develop innovative mobile
applications. This paper presents the development of a native mobile phone application
with much greater accessibility features. This paper also presents a business opportunity
that exists for this mobile application by examining the market opportunities and
technical aspects of the target platform. The end product will be an integrated location
based service (LBS) application concentrating on Google Android platform. Developing
native application can enhance the performance and usability of the application and
concentrating on the Google Android mobile phone platform opens a large space to
market the application, creating a business opportunity.
5
Table of Contents
1.0 INT ION ................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 HYPOTHESIS ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
RODUCT
2.0 LITE R ................................................................................................................... 9
WHY CHOOS
RATU E REVIEW ..
2.1 E GOOGLE ANDROID? .............................................................................................................. 11
2.2 ANDROID ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................................................................ 11
2.3 TOOLS USED ................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.0 ECONOMIC J TIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 14
RODUCTION .............
US
3.1 INT .................................................................................................................................. 14
INESS P 3.2 BUS LAN .............................................................................................................................................. 14
ANY S 3.2.1 COMP UMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 14
ISSION 3.2.2 M ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
BJECTIVES .. ................ 3.2.3 O ... ............................................................................................................................ 15
KEYS TO UCCESS ..... 3.2.4 S .................................................................................................................................. 15
INVESTM NT SUMM 3.2.5 E ARY ............................................................................................................................ 16
OMPANY 3.3 C OWNERSHIP ................................................................................................................................. 16
O PANY L ATION ........ 3.4 C M OC ............................................................................................................................. 17
R DUCTS 3.5 P O ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
RODUCT SCRIPTION ................... 3.5.1 P DE . ........................................................................................................ 17
FUTURE PRODUCTS ........... 3.5.2 ......................................................................................................................... 19
RODU M 3.5.3 P CT ARKETING STRATEGIES ....................................................................................................... 19
COMP 3.6 COMPETITIVE ARISON ......................................................................................................................... 21
ARKET E ........ ....... 3.7 M SIZ ... ................................................................................................................................ 21
ENUE GROWTH ............. ...... 3.8 REV ... .................................................................................................................. 24
OME & BREAK 3.9 INC EVEN ............................................................................................................................... 25
OJEC P 3.9.1 PR TED ROFIT AND LOSS ................................................................................................................. 26
3.9.2 DEPRECIATION ............................................................................................................................................ 27
3.9.3 BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................. 28
4.0 PRO T SCHEDULE ..................................................................................................................... 29
4.1 PHASE?1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
4.2 PHASE?2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 30
JEC
5.0 TEA A MITTEE .............................................................................................................. 31
5.1 THE TEAM ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
5.2 THE COMMITTEE ............................................................................................................................................ 31
M ND COM
6. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................... 33
7. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 34
6
List of Tables
1. Summary of Mobile Phone Platforms Requirements ...................................................... 10
2. Statup Summary .......................................................................................................................... 16
3. Market Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 23
4. ProForma Profit and Loss ......................................................................................................... 26
5. Depreciation ..................................................................................................................................... 26
L
ist of Figures
1. Mobile Content and Application Development Dependencies ..................................... 9
2. Android Architecture .................................................................................................................... 12
3. Highlights .......................................................................................................................................... 15
4. US Mobile Phone Penetration ................................................................................................... 22
5. Projected Sales ................................................................................................................................. 23
6. US Mobile Phone Penetration ................................................................................................... 24
7. Break Even Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………27
7
1.0 Introduction
Mobile technology has shown greater advancement from past few years, and Mobile
phones are the backbone of this technology. Today’s mobile phones are lot more
than a communication device, there are around 2?Billion mobile phones working
presently and their usage is increasing drastically. A mobile phone is functionally
divided in to two parts: communication part and application part. The later part
offers a revolutionary use of a mobile phone. Present 3?G phones have applications
for anything such as an application for tracking your parked car, locating near by
coffee shop, finding a hotel in town. Providing applications to increase the
functionality of the mobile phones will be a serious Business idea. Targeting in
providing applications, which integrate much usability will be in strong demand
among the Mobile phone users and service providers. (Java World, (2009)).
1.1Problem Statement
Mobile Phone applications have increased the usability of the present day Mobile
Phones. There are around five major mobile phone platforms today, developing a
common application that runs this platform is a smart and cost effective idea. But
these common applications lack the accessibility of the security features of the
application and diminish the performance of the application. And other issue with
the common application is its functionality as these applications are fragmented and
not integrated with other application. For example, knowing a departmental store is
not worth enough without knowing its operation hours and contact details. A user
has to buy many applications to solve a common purpose. Developing one
application which Integrates all the uses like locating nearest departmental store,
8
nearest movie theaters, movie timings, contact information and directions really
solves the purpose of the user by a single application and making the phone
productive. Developing a native application can solve these issues.
1.2Hypothesis
Developing a Native Mobile Phone application can,
• Increase the accessibility of the application.
• Increase performance of the application.
• Can make use of the security features of the device.
2.0
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9
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0
11
Handset Alliance's Android supported by Google has gained more popularity since
its official release in October 2008. Android is the open source mobile platform
powered by Linux and supported by Google.
2.1 Why Choose Google Android?
The following stands as some of the primary reasons according to the research
which answers the question Why choose Android?,
?Android is available to any developer for free.
?All applications are of equal importance i.e., even phones basic features live dialing
is replaced by third party application.
?Android combines the contact details from mobile phone to web, for determining
the geographic locations.
?Android includes SDK in order to hasten application development.
2.2Android Architecture
Developing a mobile application for native platforms gives access to Device features
like location, communication etc, this access to the primary device features increase
the application performance and increases the security aspects of the application.
The architecture of the android must be clearly understood before developing any
application for android. (Padiadpu, 2008)
Figur
The b
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diadpu, 2008
hitecture is t
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12
13
overall architecture. By this constructive architecture and open source developing
applications for Android is a real win?win situation.
2.3 Tools used
Android 1.5 SDK
Android 1.5 SDK is a set of development tools to create applications for Android
Mobile Platform or Android powered mobile devices. This development kit includes
a debugger, libraries, and handset emulator with proper documentation and
tutorials. Eclipse is the officially supported IDE for Android SDK. Android
Development Plug?in (ADT) is needed to run this SDK on Eclipse.
Android Dev Phone
When building mobile phone applications it’s necessary to test on a real mobile
phone device before releasing to the users. Android Dev Phone is a SIM and
Hardware unlocked phone used by developers to test their applications. This device
fully supports Android 1.0 version.
Eclipse
Version 3.4Ganymede
Eclipse is a universal tool kit for software development, it’s a multi language
development platform comprising of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
and plug?ins to extend the functionality.
14
3.0 Economic Justification
3.1 Introduction
A large market is currently open for mobile phone application and LBS application
can stand as the other stream of additional revenue that can be easily generated
from the significant investments in the mobile phone application. As the Google's
Android mobile phone OS is widely accepted by various mobile phone companies
and related service providers, creating an LBS application for such mobile operating
system opens a broad market. The native mobile phone application developed
comes in to existence as I?Bee under Mobile Bee’s Inc. The Business plan of the
product is discussed in the following section.
3.2 Business Plan
3.2.1 Company Summary
Mobile Bee’s Inc is the small start?up organization whose vision is to
develop/support native mobile phone applications. Major focus of the organization
is to develop Location Based Service (LBS) application for Google Android Mobile
Operating System. Mobile Bee’s core team has handful experience in Android mobile
platform and application development for mobile devices. Mobile Bee’s is
committed to creating high quality, innovative and successful native mobile phone
applications. (Business Plans, 2009)
We offer the following:
Application concepts and development for Android Platform.
Focus on different application like personal development tools and weather
monitoring for mobile devices.
Interface design for the application and its software enhancement.
3.2.2 Mission
The Mission of Mobile Bee’s is to provide affordable, highest quality innovative
native mobile phone applications to the mobile phone industry.
3.2.3 Objectives
Mobile Bee’s objectives are as follows:
ion. Achieve sales goal of $50,000 during the first year of operat
Increase the sales by 10% by the second year of operation.
Expand the market to 4 other mobile phone platforms by the third year of
operation
Figure3 Highlights
3.2.4 Keys to Succe
The keys to our success
ss
15
Building healthy alliance with the mobile phone platform developers, mobile
phone service providers and mobile phone manufacturers.
16
Manage the business by balancing the fundamentals of the balanced
scorecard which include
o the results. Customer Satisfaction Goals compared to
o Financial Goals compared to the results.
results. o Business Process Goals compared to the
Offer high?end innovative native applications.
3.2.5 Investment Summary
Planned Investment
Investor?1 $10,000
Investor?2 $10,000
Long Term Loan $20,000
Total Planned Investment $40,000
Start?up Expenses
Legal Expenses $1,500
Computer Equipments $10,000
WebSite $1,000
Office Equipment $2,000
Membership Fees $500
Other $5,000
Total Start?Up Expenses $20,000
Start?up Assets
Computer Equipments $10,000
Office Equipment $2,000
Other Assets $0
Statup inventory $0
Total Assets $12,000
Table2: Stat up Summary
3.3 Company Ownership
Mobile Bee’s Inc is owned and managed by its team of developers. Company is
expecting external funding after its first year of operation Mobile Bee’s anticipates
2
17
to release the first product in January 2010 and beta version to be released in
November 2009.
3.4 Company Location
The commercial office space of Mobile Bee’s will be established in Murphy Business
Center, under a two?year lease starting from December 2009 with an option to
renew every 60 days thereafter. There is approximately 450sq. ft. capable of
housing 5 workstations. Murphy Business Center is located in the center of Silicon
Valley, CA. Which is a hub for software development and a huge market and
development space.
3.5 Products
Mobile Bee’s LBS application I?Bee for Google Android mobile phone platform is for
users travel related findings in the town like nearest hotels, restaurants, pubs,
locksmiths, flight arrivals, taxi stand, nearest transit center and many more. I?Bee
can recommend a spot for you according to the reviews and navigate you to the site
giving its operating hours and other necessary details.
3.5.1 Product Description
Application to be developed will be named as I?Bee. I?Bee is Location based Service
application with primary features are navigation and mapping locations around the
phone location or preferred location. There are three main features available in I?
Bee, they are:
1. Bee around
ed Bees . Tagg
3. Ami
Figru
Bee A
impo
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18
19
The integrated and highly interactive features stand as unique selling point of the
application. This type of application saves time and money of the user in solving the
needs of mobile mapping with increased usability.
3.5.2 Future Products
Beginning at the start?up stage we explore about innovative application for Android
Platforms. Our future products will be according to the market needs, we planed to
focus on personal development tools and business related tools. Mobile Bee’s works
with the universities to create mobile application for student and faculty services.
3.5.3 Product Marketing Strategies
As the application is of low cost we don’t look for high cost marketing strategies. But
to reach our sales goals we need more cost?effective and more reachable marketing
strategies. Mobile Bee’s Inc has figured following cost?effective strategies to market
I?Bee application, they are:
• Trade Shows
• Word of Mouth
• Referral program
• ebsites, Twitter, Face book) Internet?based (W
• Viral marketing
Trade Showsare the exhibitions organized by companies to showcase their products
and demonstrate them, we plan to show case our application in all mobile
application trade show happening every month. Trade shows have been cost?
20
effective primary market strategies for many businesses and can acquire many
customers as possible.
Word of Mouth marketing can penetrate very insignificant market segments. This
incorporates various subcategories like buzz, blog, and social media marketing. We
expect much of our sales figure raise by this marketing strategy. This strategy is
spontaneous and is achieved without any form of structured strategy.
Referral Programis a type of Internet marketing, which usually adds with word of
mouth. Referrals are very cost?effective in some cases free or fraction of what we
spend on advertising. This type of strategy transfers the trust of the company prom
person to person.
InternetBased Marketingalso known as I?marketing, in this we include banner ads
on different on specific web sites and e?mail marketing and we market by creating
groups in social networking web?sites like facebook, twitter etc. I?marketing is
relatively inexpensive when compared to the ratio of cost against the reach of the
target audience. Companies can reach a wide audience for a small fraction of
traditional advertising budgets.
Viral Marketingincludes video clips of application on social networks to increase in
awareness of the application. This include in creating viral messages to the
particular market segment and sending it through social networks. The assumption
of this type of marketing is that if a advertisement reaches a "susceptible" user, that
user will become "infected" (i.e., accept the idea) and will then go on to share the
21
idea with others "infecting them," in the viral analogy's terms. Harvard business
school graduates coined this term.
3.6Competitive Comparison
Apples App Store stands as our major competitor, App store develops and markets
applications for mobile phones powered with Apple OS unfortunately Apple I?Phone
2G & 3G are the only mobile phones powered by Apple OS, Unlike Android
developed by Google and Open Handset Alliance is open source Mobile OS which can
be configured on any Mobile Phone. Presently HTC has released Android powered
mobile phone in October 2008 with T?Mobile and has around 1 million mobile
phones on the market. By the third quarter of 2009 five mobile phone
manufacturers have announced the release of Android powered Mobile Phones.
Initially me may have some though competition from Apple App Store and other
mobile manufactures Application store, but in future Android is the future of Mobile
OS. AppVee stands, as our direct competitors it is a San Francisco based company
developing applications for Android and I?phone. Understanding the target market
need stands as our competitive advantage.
3.7Market Size
A research study titled “A Survey of Platforms for Mobile Networks Research”
by Earl Oliver and David R. Cheriton says the sales of SMART phones increased by
60% to nearly 115 millions and by 2010 this surpass the sales of Laptops. Recent
survey state that half of the US mobile phone application revenue is from Location?
Based Service Applications. Telephia (A service of The Nielsen Company) reported
that in the Q2 of 2008 Approximately 13 million mobile consumers downloaded a
mobile application on their phone. LBS accounted for 51% of the $118 million
generated in revenue by downloadable mobile applications such as LBS, weather
applications, chat/community, and personal management tools.
(Nielsen,2009)Around 47 technologies and mobile companies under Open Handset
Alliance came up with free open source mobile platform Android. The mobile phone
manufacturers include Samsung, Sony Ericssion, Motorola, Vodafone, Huawei and
Toshiba this stands alone as the strongest evidence for subsequent growth of
Android and potential market for the various applications in Android.
All the Android platform users stand as our target market but at present we have 1
million G?Phone users as our potential buyers. Presently there is no market
segmentation as we have only one segment of customers who uses android powered
HTC phone (G?Phone). Coming to the market according to the type of applications,
at present Location based service shares larger volume and followed by games and
music related applications. (Business Plans, 2009)
22
T 3 Market Analysis able
Potential Customers Growth 2010 2011 2012
HTC Dreams 3% 900,000 927,000 954,000
Motorola 4% 100,000 104,000 108,000
Huawei Technologies 2% 50,000 51,000 52,000
Sonny Ericsson 7% 100,000 107,000 114,000
Samsung 5% 80,000 84,000 88,000
Acer 3% 30,000 31,200 32,400
Figur
We p
grow
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Sams
Andr
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projected ou
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sung, Motor
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able Marke
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26
• We assume that we have sufficient finance to maintain the business as shown
in the tables. (Business Plans, 2009).
3.9.1 Projected Profit and Loss
As a Business organization we don’t expect to decrease the sales and our marketing
expenses as the software business heavy marketing. We also plan to spend 15% of
our increase in revenue on product development and research. (Business Plans,
2009).
FY2010 FY2011 FY2012
Sales $50,000 $75,000 $90,000
Expenses
Startup Expenses $20,000
Payroll $35,000 $45,000 $50,000
Sales and Marketing Expenses $6,000 $8,000 $10,000
Depreciation $1,200 $1,000 $780
Leased Equipment $0 $0 $0
Utilities $800 $850 $900
Insurance $1000 $1000 $1000
Rent $4,000 $4,200 $4,350
Office Supplies $350 $400 $450
IT and Networking Expenses $1,000 $1,200 $1,400
Payroll Taxes $7,000 $9,000 $10,000
Other $0 $0 $0
27
Total Operating Expenses $76,350 $69,650 $78,880
Net Profit ?????? $6,350 $11,120
Net Loss $16,350 ?????? ??????
Net Profit/Sales ?????? 8.4% 12.33%
Net Loss/Sales 22.7% ?????? ??????
Table4 ProForma Profit and Loss
3.9.2 Depreciation
Book Value
Beginning of
Year
Depreciation
Rate
Depreciation
Expenses
Accumulated
Depreciation
Book Value
End Of t
he Year
$12,000
10% $1,200
0
$1,200 $10,000
$10,000
$7,800
10%
10%
$1,00
$780
$2,200
$2,980
$7,800
$4,820
Table5 Depreciation
3.9.33 Break E Even Anaalysis
Figurre7 Break k Even Anallysis
28
4.0 Project S
4.1 PPhase-1
Schedule
29
4.2 PPhase-2
30
31
5.0 Team and Committee
5.1 The Team
Farzdeep Singh
He is an international student from Delhi, India. He earned a degree in
Masters in Computers Application from Pune University. He is a current MSE
student at San Jose State University with a concentration in Networking and
Logistics.
Santhosh Gangula
He is an international student from India. He earned his degree in Electrical
Engineering from JawaharLal Technological University, Hyderabad. He is a current
MSE student at San Jose State with a concentration in Software Testing and Supply
Chain Management.
5.2 The Committee
Dr. Morris Jones
Dr. Jones is our university reader. He worked for Intel more than 8 years. He
recently retired from Intel and is a current full?time EE faculty at San Jose State
University. He has a strong knowledge and real?world industry experience. Dr. Jones
will guide and support our project from the start to finish.
32
Santosh Gottipamula
SantoshGotttipamula is an alumni of San Jose State. He earned Masters
Degree in Computer Engineering at SJSU. He is currently a Software Engineer at
Yellow Pages Inc, San Francisco. He has extensive experience in developing Mobile
Applications and Software Quality Assurance and Testing.
33
6. Conclusion
This paper discussed the advantages of developing a native mobile phone
application and also presented a Business opportunity in the technical field
discussed. The end product, which is a native mobile phone application for Google
Android platform, will be a profitable business venture. The developed application
can be used on any mobile device powered by Android irrespective of device
configuration. The end product (I?Bee) is highly functional and can use the device
internal features compared to non?native applications and turns to be cost effective
compared to other applications in the market.
34
7. References
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?Krol, P., Nowak, P.,Sakowicz, B. (2007). Mobile Banking Services Based On
J2ME/J2EE (2007) CAD Systems in Microelectronics, 2007.CADSM '07. 9th
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emplates.cfm
?Baker, C. &Noler, D. (2008). Using Android in Education for Mobile Device.
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?Padiadpu, R. (Padiapu, 2008). Towards Mobile Learning: A SCORM Player for the
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?Tarnacha, A., Maitland, C. F. (Tarnacha, 2006). Entrepreneurship in Mobile
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?Oliver, E. (Olive, 2008). A Survey of Platforms for Mobile Networks Research.
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?Ibm developers work, (2008). Java Library. Retrieved February 14, 2009, Website:
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?Umphress, D., Cross, J., Jain, J., Meda, N., &Barowski, L. (n.d.). Bringing J2ME
Industry Practice into the Classroom.
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ttp://www.nielsenmobile.com/html/LBS_PressRelease_Q207.html h
?Paulos, E., Vora, P., Joki, A., & Burke, A. (2007). Any Phone:Mobile Applications for
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?Schmidt,, A., Holleis, P., Häkkilä, J., &Atterer, R. (n.d.). Mobile Phones as Tool to
ncrease Communication and Location Awareness of Users. I
Burns, J. (2008). Developing secure mobile applications for android. ?
?Church, K., Smyth, B., Cotter, P., & Bradley, K. (2007). Mobile Information Access: A
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?Dyer, A. &Mahmoud, Q. (2007). Integrating BlackBerry Wireless Devices into
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?Fritsch, T., Ritter, H., & Schiller, J. (2006). User Case Study and Network Evolution
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