vikram chawla
Vikram Chawla
Introduction TO PACKAGING.....
The term packaging may be defined as the use of containers and parts, together with the decoration and labeling of the product in order to contain, protect and identify the merchandise and facilitate the use of the product. Sales promotion is an important consideration in the selection of packaging aids in motivating a customer to buy the product. The degree of motivation depends on the type of product, the type of customer and the demand and supply situation. The printing matter and the company emblem or trade mark project the manufacturer’s image to the customer.
All kinds of products, namely, solids, liquids, gases suspensions and colloids, have usually to be packed before distribution. Depending on the market area, packaging may be classified as for domestic sale or for export sale.
The various goods may be classified into the following broad categories:
1. Engineering goods;
2. Consumer goods;
1. Engineering goods
These may be divided further into the following:
(a) Heavy engineering goods, such as pumpas, compressors, engines, machinery, spares, etc.
(b) Light engineering goods, such as instruments, small electronic motors, etc.
(c) Domestic appliances, such as sewing machines, fans, mixers, radios, tvs, etc.
2. Consumer goods
These may be classified as under:
a) Food products:
Canned products like vegetables and fruits.
Bakery products like biscuits, bread, cakes, etc. beverages, alcoholic, soft drinks, juices, tea, coffee, cocoa, etc.
Toffee, chocolates, etc.
Other products like sugar salt, spices, etc.
b) Cosmetics, such as toothpaste, hair cream, shampoo, face powder, nail polish, etc.
PACKAGING MATERIALS
Jute
Since it has been recognized that renewable resources should continue to be the mainstay, for a number of applications, the use of jute, also known as hesian or burlap, is common and encouraged. Interestingly, India still continues to export a sizable portion of its jute packaging production. New varieties of jute, better methods of weaving and imparting improved functional qualities to it-like making it odour free- are some of the areas which have received special attention. There is a general shift towards the use of synthetics in performance to jute in bulk packaging.
Packaging Paper and Board
In the field of paper and board, the country is entirely dependent upon indigenous forest resources which, however, are being rapidly depleted. Bamboo constitutes the main supply source of paper raw materials. Research is under way on the use of quick yielding timber varieties and of hard woods for paper manufacture.
Glass
The use of glass containers still continues to be encouraged for milk, liquid, pharmaceutical preparations, fluid beverages, etc. India has abundant supplies of minerals which are required for the manufacture of glass.
Tinplate
India produces hot dipped tinplate. Presently most of the mills adopt the electrolytic process of coating tin. Attempts have been made to manufacture differential coatings as well. Tinplate consumption is restricted by the slow growth in the processed food industry, and large-scale uses continue to be for petroleum oils, edible oils and paints. Tinplate containers for packaging have been adopted in India because of the necessity for long periods of shelf –life and the inadequacies of the system of handling and transportation which has made high- strength packaging compulsory. With the view to reducing dependence on tinplate, dual packaging systems have been adopted for certain food products, whereby the use of refill packages is encouraged.
Cellophane
A small quantity of cellophane is manufactured by a few units in India. There has been hardly any expansion in its use in this country owing to the high cost of inputs for the manufacture of cellophane and adverse atmospheric conditions and marketing systems.
Aluminium Foils and Tubes
The use of aluminium foils is confined mostly to pharmaceuticals, foods and tobacco. The alternatives to aluminium foil are metalised plastics. Even though the introduction of collapsible tubes was generally for tooth-paste and pharmaceutical ointments a great variety of typical Indian products have got into collapsible tubes.
Plastics
The Indigenous production of plastics had its origin in industrial alcohol. The setting up of petro-chemical complexes has had considerable impact on the promotion of plastic raw materials. Earlier, the country was dependant on high and low density polyethylene. Small quantities of imports of other thermo-plastics used to meet the country’s packaging requirements. The versatility of plastics and their ability to upgrade indigenous materials has naturally encouraged their greater use.
:SugarwareZ-291:
The term packaging may be defined as the use of containers and parts, together with the decoration and labeling of the product in order to contain, protect and identify the merchandise and facilitate the use of the product. Sales promotion is an important consideration in the selection of packaging aids in motivating a customer to buy the product. The degree of motivation depends on the type of product, the type of customer and the demand and supply situation. The printing matter and the company emblem or trade mark project the manufacturer’s image to the customer.
All kinds of products, namely, solids, liquids, gases suspensions and colloids, have usually to be packed before distribution. Depending on the market area, packaging may be classified as for domestic sale or for export sale.
The various goods may be classified into the following broad categories:
1. Engineering goods;
2. Consumer goods;
1. Engineering goods
These may be divided further into the following:
(a) Heavy engineering goods, such as pumpas, compressors, engines, machinery, spares, etc.
(b) Light engineering goods, such as instruments, small electronic motors, etc.
(c) Domestic appliances, such as sewing machines, fans, mixers, radios, tvs, etc.
2. Consumer goods
These may be classified as under:
a) Food products:
Canned products like vegetables and fruits.
Bakery products like biscuits, bread, cakes, etc. beverages, alcoholic, soft drinks, juices, tea, coffee, cocoa, etc.
Toffee, chocolates, etc.
Other products like sugar salt, spices, etc.
b) Cosmetics, such as toothpaste, hair cream, shampoo, face powder, nail polish, etc.
PACKAGING MATERIALS
Jute
Since it has been recognized that renewable resources should continue to be the mainstay, for a number of applications, the use of jute, also known as hesian or burlap, is common and encouraged. Interestingly, India still continues to export a sizable portion of its jute packaging production. New varieties of jute, better methods of weaving and imparting improved functional qualities to it-like making it odour free- are some of the areas which have received special attention. There is a general shift towards the use of synthetics in performance to jute in bulk packaging.
Packaging Paper and Board
In the field of paper and board, the country is entirely dependent upon indigenous forest resources which, however, are being rapidly depleted. Bamboo constitutes the main supply source of paper raw materials. Research is under way on the use of quick yielding timber varieties and of hard woods for paper manufacture.
Glass
The use of glass containers still continues to be encouraged for milk, liquid, pharmaceutical preparations, fluid beverages, etc. India has abundant supplies of minerals which are required for the manufacture of glass.
Tinplate
India produces hot dipped tinplate. Presently most of the mills adopt the electrolytic process of coating tin. Attempts have been made to manufacture differential coatings as well. Tinplate consumption is restricted by the slow growth in the processed food industry, and large-scale uses continue to be for petroleum oils, edible oils and paints. Tinplate containers for packaging have been adopted in India because of the necessity for long periods of shelf –life and the inadequacies of the system of handling and transportation which has made high- strength packaging compulsory. With the view to reducing dependence on tinplate, dual packaging systems have been adopted for certain food products, whereby the use of refill packages is encouraged.
Cellophane
A small quantity of cellophane is manufactured by a few units in India. There has been hardly any expansion in its use in this country owing to the high cost of inputs for the manufacture of cellophane and adverse atmospheric conditions and marketing systems.
Aluminium Foils and Tubes
The use of aluminium foils is confined mostly to pharmaceuticals, foods and tobacco. The alternatives to aluminium foil are metalised plastics. Even though the introduction of collapsible tubes was generally for tooth-paste and pharmaceutical ointments a great variety of typical Indian products have got into collapsible tubes.
Plastics
The Indigenous production of plastics had its origin in industrial alcohol. The setting up of petro-chemical complexes has had considerable impact on the promotion of plastic raw materials. Earlier, the country was dependant on high and low density polyethylene. Small quantities of imports of other thermo-plastics used to meet the country’s packaging requirements. The versatility of plastics and their ability to upgrade indigenous materials has naturally encouraged their greater use.
:SugarwareZ-291:
op2: