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PUBLICITY
Publicity is different from that of the advertisement. There is often a misconception that the publicity and the advertisements are one and the same.
Publicity is non-paid, non-personal communication to promote the products, services, or image of the company.
Publicity is a message issued on behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution; "the packaging of new ideas"
Publicity is one of the variables that comprise the promotional mix.
Non-personal stimulation of demand for a product/service or business organisation as a whole by putting commercially significant news in media to create a favourable image. It is not paid for by the sponsor. The dissemination of promotional material to draw interest or generate sales is the publicity. It is a news item or story which conveys information of interest to the readers of a publication.

Thus publicity is a tool of public relations focused on generating editorial media coverage for an organisation and/or its products
Basically,there is a department within a publishing house which organizes ‘free’ promotion of titles published, often through the sending out of review copies or soliciting coverage in the broadcast media; often nowadays in larger firms a part of the marketing department.
Publicity is normally done by the the Media, the advertisers or the public.



What is Publicity?

Publicity is positive news about business that disseminate to current and potential customers, employees, and neighbors. The goal of publicity is Goodwill. The company wants the public to know the good and true things about business and to reject the untrue. A good publicity programme will manage Public Opinion so as to have good Public Relations.
Publicity is not advertising or an advertisement disguised as a news story, although it can reinforce advertising and sometimes replace it. Publicity is not salesmanship and cannot replace salesmanship but publicity will make selling easier. Publicity is not marketing but publicity should be part of every marketing plan.
The customers are inherently suspicious of all the traditional selling methods. They ignore many advertisements and don't believe the rest. They toss out without reading anything which has been sent to them in the mail .They distrust sales people. Every time the company tries to sell the product to a new customer, their response is "I don't know you. I don't know your company. I don't know your products. I don't know what reputation your company has for quality and service. Why should I buy from you?"
This attitude is an obstacle that company must be overcomed before they can make a sale.
Thus, Publicity is the only solution for such problems.
If the company has an effective publicity program then the potential customers will know positive facts about the company before they make the first call. Thus, handling such a person, who is aware about the company and knows about the charity and reputation of the company, is always better than handling a person who questions every time(as mentioned about.)





So there are actually three levels of publicity. The first tier is positive publicity. The second tier is negative publicity. The third and lowest tier is no publicity at all.

Merits of Publicity:

Publicity has the following advantages over other marketing methods:

A. Publicity has no costs for ad space or message time. Publicity is news so advertising media costs are avoided.


B.Publicity has high credibility. Everyone old enough to read a newspaper has a mental barrier of scepticism protecting them from the blandishments of traditional advertisements, but publicity is news so people reading your message give it the same credibility as any other news story.


C.Publicity has high audience attention. When you watch TV or read the newspaper don't you usually ignore the ads? So does everyone else, but publicity is not an advertisement so far more people receive your message.


D.Publicity reaches a mass audience. The high cost of advertisements and sales calls, forces the company to focus their efforts on those whom they believe are prospective customers. Publicity spreads message broadcast so it reaches everyone, including potential customers.


Although publicity can, under special circumstances, replace more conventional selling methods, it works best when used in conjunction with effective advertising and sales programmes.



Demerits of Publicity:

Publicity also has some disadvantages. They are:
A. It is difficult to plan; timing may be more a matter of taking advantage of circumstances than carrying out a schedule.
B. Unlike advertising, you can't control when, where, or even if your message will be broadcast.
But in our industry, the two main disadvantages are:
C. It requires persistence and an eye for news. To build and maintain a positive image requires a constant stream of publicity messages over years rather than weeks or months. A one-shot publicity program is a contradiction in terms.
D. The other disadvantage is that most business managers cannot see the news in their business. Effective publicity requires that company should be able to see its business not through the jaded eye of someone who has unlocked the front door every day for years, but as it would be seen by an intelligent, interested person who has no knowledge of the company. What one may see as routine, even trivial, may be highly interesting news to the public with whom the company is trying to communicate to.
 
PUBLICITY
Publicity is different from that of the advertisement. There is often a misconception that the publicity and the advertisements are one and the same.
Publicity is non-paid, non-personal communication to promote the products, services, or image of the company.
Publicity is a message issued on behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution; "the packaging of new ideas"
Publicity is one of the variables that comprise the promotional mix.
Non-personal stimulation of demand for a product/service or business organisation as a whole by putting commercially significant news in media to create a favourable image. It is not paid for by the sponsor. The dissemination of promotional material to draw interest or generate sales is the publicity. It is a news item or story which conveys information of interest to the readers of a publication.

Thus publicity is a tool of public relations focused on generating editorial media coverage for an organisation and/or its products
Basically,there is a department within a publishing house which organizes ‘free’ promotion of titles published, often through the sending out of review copies or soliciting coverage in the broadcast media; often nowadays in larger firms a part of the marketing department.
Publicity is normally done by the the Media, the advertisers or the public.



What is Publicity?

Publicity is positive news about business that disseminate to current and potential customers, employees, and neighbors. The goal of publicity is Goodwill. The company wants the public to know the good and true things about business and to reject the untrue. A good publicity programme will manage Public Opinion so as to have good Public Relations.
Publicity is not advertising or an advertisement disguised as a news story, although it can reinforce advertising and sometimes replace it. Publicity is not salesmanship and cannot replace salesmanship but publicity will make selling easier. Publicity is not marketing but publicity should be part of every marketing plan.
The customers are inherently suspicious of all the traditional selling methods. They ignore many advertisements and don't believe the rest. They toss out without reading anything which has been sent to them in the mail .They distrust sales people. Every time the company tries to sell the product to a new customer, their response is "I don't know you. I don't know your company. I don't know your products. I don't know what reputation your company has for quality and service. Why should I buy from you?"
This attitude is an obstacle that company must be overcomed before they can make a sale.
Thus, Publicity is the only solution for such problems.
If the company has an effective publicity program then the potential customers will know positive facts about the company before they make the first call. Thus, handling such a person, who is aware about the company and knows about the charity and reputation of the company, is always better than handling a person who questions every time(as mentioned about.)





So there are actually three levels of publicity. The first tier is positive publicity. The second tier is negative publicity. The third and lowest tier is no publicity at all.

Merits of Publicity:

Publicity has the following advantages over other marketing methods:

A. Publicity has no costs for ad space or message time. Publicity is news so advertising media costs are avoided.


B.Publicity has high credibility. Everyone old enough to read a newspaper has a mental barrier of scepticism protecting them from the blandishments of traditional advertisements, but publicity is news so people reading your message give it the same credibility as any other news story.


C.Publicity has high audience attention. When you watch TV or read the newspaper don't you usually ignore the ads? So does everyone else, but publicity is not an advertisement so far more people receive your message.


D.Publicity reaches a mass audience. The high cost of advertisements and sales calls, forces the company to focus their efforts on those whom they believe are prospective customers. Publicity spreads message broadcast so it reaches everyone, including potential customers.


Although publicity can, under special circumstances, replace more conventional selling methods, it works best when used in conjunction with effective advertising and sales programmes.



Demerits of Publicity:

Publicity also has some disadvantages. They are:
A. It is difficult to plan; timing may be more a matter of taking advantage of circumstances than carrying out a schedule.
B. Unlike advertising, you can't control when, where, or even if your message will be broadcast.
But in our industry, the two main disadvantages are:
C. It requires persistence and an eye for news. To build and maintain a positive image requires a constant stream of publicity messages over years rather than weeks or months. A one-shot publicity program is a contradiction in terms.
D. The other disadvantage is that most business managers cannot see the news in their business. Effective publicity requires that company should be able to see its business not through the jaded eye of someone who has unlocked the front door every day for years, but as it would be seen by an intelligent, interested person who has no knowledge of the company. What one may see as routine, even trivial, may be highly interesting news to the public with whom the company is trying to communicate to.
 
PROPOGANDA

What is Propaganda?
The word "propaganda" has some negative associations; people often associate it with dishonesty and lies. The working definition is, however:

"Propaganda consists of the planned use of any form of public or mass-produced communication designed to affect the minds and emotions of a given group for a specific purpose, whether military, economic, or political."
"Propaganda consists of the planned use of any form of communication designed to affect the minds, emotions, and action of a given group for a specific purpose."


Propaganda is a specific type of message presentation aimed at serving an agenda. At its root, the denotation of propaganda is 'to propagate (actively spread) a philosophy or point of view'. The most common use of the term (historically) is in political contexts; in particular to refer to certain efforts sponsored by governments or political groups.










The three types of propaganda, which depends on the source of the propaganda are:-
White, Grey, and Black Propaganda:

 White propaganda is issued from an acknowledged source... This type of propaganda is associated with overt psychological operations.
 Grey propaganda does not clearly identify any source.
 Black propaganda purports to emanate from a source other than the true one. This type of propaganda is associated with covert psychological operations.











Merits and Demerits of Propaganda:

Merits: A. The idea is conveyed to everyone.
B. People or the public gets aware of the facts.
C. If positive, company’s corporate image is built up.

Demerits: A. Propaganda might be out of personal grudges.

Examples of the Propaganda:
A. There was an article in the newspaper about the ICICI bank. A woman wrote that the ICICI Bank’s executive misguided her for opening an account in the bank.
B. The another example of the Propaganda is of the CADBURY Company. There was an article, after the issue of the worms found in the Cadbury, that the use of the Cadbury chocolates should be banned.








The article was:-
TIMES NEWS NETWORK [FRIDAY, OCTOBER 31, 2003 01:21:46 AM]
Little Akanksha (name changed) opened her Diwali gift, a
box of premium Cadbury Cashew Magic chocolates, with eager
anticipation on Wednesday evening. What she saw in the box, perhaps,
put her off chocolates for ever.
Crawling out of the chocolate nuggets, packed in June 2003 and deemed
fit for consumption for nine months, were a swarm of tiny white worms.
There was also a fungus layer on portions of it.
C. Like the above example, the pesticides were found in the Coca Cola, a soft drink.
 
Tht's it guys well just wanted 2 wish u BEST OF LUCK for ur exams do well give ur best... & remember always "HARD WORK, WORK'S".

:tea: :mod::SugarwareZ-036:
 
Finance Market

In economics, a financial market is a mechanism that allows people to easily buy and sell (trade) financial securities (such as stocks and bonds), commodities (such as precious metals or agricultural goods), and other fungible items of value at low transaction costs and at prices that reflect the efficient-market hypothesis.

Financial markets have evolved significantly over several hundred years and are undergoing constant innovation to improve liquidity.

Both general markets (where many commodities are traded) and specialized markets (where only one commodity is traded) exist. Markets work by placing many interested buyers and sellers in one "place", thus making it easier for them to find each other. An economy which relies primarily on interactions between buyers and sellers to allocate resources is known as a market economy in contrast either to a command economy or to a non-market economy such as a gift economy.

In finance, financial markets facilitate –

The raising of capital (in the capital markets);
The transfer of risk (in the derivatives markets);
International trade (in the currency markets)
– and are used to match those who want capital to those who have it.

Typically a borrower issues a receipt to the lender promising to pay back the capital. These receipts are securities which may be freely bought or sold. In return for lending money to the borrower, the lender will expect some compensation in the form of interest or dividends.
 
with commodity markets particularly in less mature economies.
In our previous studies on the Indian stock and futures markets
we have seen that the characteristics exhibited by the price index/
returns in these markets are more
 
Here we make an attempt to see whether price movements in the Indian
commodity derivatives market exhibit similar trends or not, particularly
as this market is less developed compared to the financial derivatives
markets, being constrained by its chequered history with many
 
market are price risk management and price discovery. Forward
contracting in commodities is an important activity for any economy to
meet food and raw material
 
i think this is the best collection in one roof.............................................................................................
 
thnks a lot buddy..this is really a beautiful collection..........................................................................................
 
Hello All,

Could you pls provide me "A PROJECT REPORT OF ECONOMIC CRISIS AND IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL STUDENT"

I need complete report. If somebody can provide me similar kind of report. Pls help me on this guys.

Regards

Vikram Singh
 
notes, projects, reference on finance more to comeeeeeeeeeee
Hello,

It was excellent book. I have one help from you.

Could you pls provide me "A PROJECT REPORT OF ECONOMIC CRISIS AND IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL STUDENT"

There should from where it was started and what are the reason etc.

Regards

Vikram Singh
 
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