hey guys need some info on "research as a tool of finding out d truth" and importance of research to government and other agencies. do help if u hav ne kind of info n this..
The Importance of Research
I. The need for good knowledge
II. What is good knowledge?
A. Objective: not due to idiosyncracies of the individual observer
B. Replicable (repeatable)
C. Communicable so that:
1. Results can be replicated
2. Knowledge can be applied
3. Scientists can build on each others work: The value of teamwork in science
III. How can research produce good knowledge?
A. Addressing the problem of measuring variables
1. Can study behavior for its own sake or can study it as indicator (hitting doll because interested in hitting dolls or as indicator of hostility or insecurity).
2. If can't directly observe a psychological characteristic, must find some indicator of that characterisitc (IQ test). Of course, research will only be as good as the indicator.
B. Internal validity: Deal with human variability by either:
1. Reducing the number and range of variables that impinge upon participants; or
2. Randomizing variables to prevent them from having systematic effects and then using statistics to estimate the extent of their unsystematic effects.
C. External validity: Deal with generalizability by replicating studies.
IV. How you will benefit from knowing how to do good research.
A. As a psychologist: Research is the source of psychological knowledge and although the content of psychology changes, the methods stay the same. Therefore, knowing about research:
1. Liberates you from the false claims of others.
2. Allows you to learn more about your particular area of interest within the infinitely broad field of psychology.
3. Allows you to become directly and personally involved in psychology.
B. As an educated person, knowing about research will give you the ability to:
1. Accurately and systematically collect data that will answer questions
2. Analyze and attack problems; and
3. Communicate and justify both your approach to a problem and your conclusions.
C. As someone who may be entering the workforce, the ability to collect, analyze, think about, and communicate about data will probe very marketable and useful in today's information age.
A number of questions come to mind when asking about research:
1. What type of research is going to be conducted?
2. Where will it be conducted?
3. How will the results of the research impact our profession?
4. Who's going to pay for it?
In Western medicine, the gold standard for determining the effectiveness of a product or technique remains the randomized controlled trial (RCT). While the validity of the RCT has come under fire recently, it's still one of the biggest factors that insurance providers, health plans and managed care groups use to determine whether they'll provide coverage. If we want to be included in these groups' plans, we'll need to start publishing large-scale, bona fide research, and the RCT may be the best place to start.
Many of today's studies are conducted at universities and other institutions. We already have a good foundation, with more than fourdozen acupuncture colleges in the U.S. and dozens more overseases -- not to mention the Society for Acupuncture Research in Maryland. Many of these schools already have small, but growing, research departments. With the advent of the Internet and other forms of communication, there's no reason they can't work together to produce a large, multi-site study.
Research helps build the respect and credibility our profession needs to achieve national licensing. Increased research improves our chances of achieving licensing in all 50 states, based on standards of competency that will be due -- at least in part -- to research. Positive research backed by large, controlled studies can also play a role in the profession's getting state and national legislation passed that would be favorable to Oriental medicine practitioners and their patients.
Research findings also help protect the public; they can begin to understand what acupuncture is, how it works, and what it can do for them.
If everyone benefits from research, it only seems fair that everyone should contribute. Support comes in many forms. The most obvious is financial, but there are other ways of helping further Oriental medicine. In other professions, alumni associations help support ongoing research. Research grants are slowly beginning to surface around the country. More schools are looking toward conducting research or opening research departments.
Still, much more work needs to be done.
Recently, an acupuncturist was sitting in front of a hospital credentialing committee composed of seven medical doctors. When they asked the acupuncturist what happened to a neuron when an acupuncture needle was inserted, the acupuncturist froze: he wasn't able to explain the effects to the doctors in a way that made sense to them scientifically.
Research will help the profession bridge that gap in communication. It will not only support and explain procedures, it will lead to better treatment and functional outcomes. For new patients "sitting on the fence," it will give them reason to give acupuncture and Oriental medicine a try. For those who already belive in acupuncture, it will help persuade them to refer more of their friends for care. And for providers of Oriental medicine, research will prove to the world that what they do has scientific merit, and it will help them experience the rewards they rightly deserve.