netrashetty
Netra Shetty
Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation (Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, with hyphen, from 1935 to 1985) – also known as 20th Century Fox, or simply 20th or Fox – is one of the six major American film studios as of 2011. Located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, just west of Beverly Hills, the studio is a subsidiary of News Corporation.
The company was founded on May 31, 1935,[1] as the result of the merger of Fox Film Corporation, founded by William Fox in 1915, and Twentieth Century Pictures, founded in 1933 by Darryl F. Zanuck, Joseph Schenck, Raymond Griffith and William Goetz.
20th Century Fox's most popular film franchises include Avatar, The Simpsons, Star Wars, Ice Age, Garfield, Alvin and the Chipmunks, X-Men, Die Hard, Alien, Speed, Revenge of the Nerds, Planet of the Apes, Home Alone, Dr. Dolittle, Night at the Museum, Predator, and The Chronicles of Narnia (which was previously distributed by Walt Disney Pictures). Some of the most famous actors to come out of this studio were Shirley Temple, who was 20th Century Fox's first movie star, Betty Grable, Gene Tierney, Marilyn Monroe and Jayne Mansfield.
(References to "Fox" below refer to William Fox or Fox Film Corporation until 1935 and shortly afterwards, and to Twentieth Century-Fox or Twentieth Century Fox afterwards.)
Their most commercially successful production partners in later years has been 1492 Pictures, Lucasfilm, Lightstorm Entertainment, Davis Entertainment, Walden Media, Regency Enterprises, Blue Sky Studios, Troublemaker Studios, Marvel Studios, Ingenious Film Partners, Scott Free Productions, Gracie Films, EuropaCorp, Color Force, Centropolis Entertainment, Conundrum Entertainment, Bad Hat Harry Productions, Red Hour Productions, Village Roadshow Pictures, Dune Entertainment, Chernin Entertainment, The Donners' Company, 21 Laps Entertainment and Spyglass Entertainment.
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Fox Film Corporation
1.2 Twentieth Century Pictures
1.3 Twentieth Century/Fox merger
1.4 Production and financial problems
1.5 Rupert Murdoch
2 Television
3 Music
4 Logo and fanfare
5 20th Century Fox franchises
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links
[edit]History
[edit]Fox Film Corporation
"Fox Film Corporation" redirects here.
The Fox Film Corporation was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox, who formed Fox Film Corporation by merging two companies he had established in 1913: Greater New York Film Rental, a distribution firm, which was part of the Independents; and Fox (or Box, depending on the source) Office Attractions Company, a production company. This merging of a distribution company and a production company was an early example of vertical integration. Only a year before, the latter company had distributed Winsor McCay's groundbreaking cartoon Gertie the Dinosaur.
Always more of an entrepreneur than a showman, Fox concentrated on acquiring and building theaters; pictures were secondary. The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood to oversee the studio's West Coast production facilities where a more hospitable and cost-effective climate existed for film making. Fox had purchased the Edendale studio of the failing Selig Polyscope Company, which had been making movies in Los Angeles since 1909 and was the first motion picture studio in the city.
With the introduction of sound technologies, Fox moved to acquire the rights to a sound-on-film process. In the years 1925–26, Fox purchased the rights to the work of Freeman Harrison Owens, the U.S. rights to the Tri-Ergon system invented by three German inventors, and the work of Theodore Case. This resulted in the Movietone sound system later known as "Fox Movietone". Later that year, the company began offering films with a music-and-effects track, and the following year Fox began the weekly Fox Movietone News feature, which ran until 1963. The growing company needed space, and in 1926 Fox acquired 300 acres (1.2 km2) in the open country west of Beverly Hills and built "Movietone City", the best-equipped studio of its time.
When rival Marcus Loe
The 36th quarterly JGFR Financial Activity Barometer finds consumers intended savings,investment and borrowing intentions at the weakest since December 2007.
The headline JGFR Financial Activity Index is down to 90.7 from 92.3 in December, with all three subindices lower (see Chart 1).
No spring bounce in housing market
Of most concern for economic policy makers is the collapse in housing market confidence (see Chart 2). The impact of and uncertainty surrounding job cuts is likely to be the reason this quarter for the survey low in property purchase intentions and the continuing weakness of mortgage demand.
Compared to March 2009 when the JGFR Property Purchase Intentions Index showed a big jump in forthcoming housing market activity, this spring the Index points in the opposite direction, standing at 50.3, down from 57.3 in December and nearly 30 points lower than two years ago.
People seeking to sell property in many parts of the UK may well be forced to cut prices considerably to attract buyers – or let out their property and rent themselves.
Cash savings at survey low
Expected savings and investment activity fell for the fourth successive quarter reflecting the ongoing squeeze on household budgets. Around 62% of adults intend to save/invest compared to 71% a year ago. While ISA intentions have held up well, fewer people intend to place a cash deposit, down from 33% to 29% on the quarter and down from 36% a year ago.
Slump in investor sentiment
Investment sentiment tumbled this quarter with the JGFR Equity Buying Intentions Index slumping from 109.4 to 95.5 on the quarter – its weakest since March 2009. In the past,government or corporate bonds have benefited from poor equity sentiment but not this quarter, with demand close to a survey low.
Pension demand holds up but very weak demand for life products
Demand for life & pension products is well down on March 2010 and is at its lowest level since September 2009. The overall JGFR Life & Pensions Index fell from 91.6 to 89.1 and compares with 96.2 a year ago. While pensions contribution intentions have held up well,expected inflows to life schemes are much reduced.
Consumer credit demand bottoming out
In recent quarters the headline JGFR Borrowing Index (55.1) has edged progressively lower and is 21 points lower than in March 2009 (76.4) and a half of its level in March 2003 (110.7).
Relatively few consumers seek or need to borrow either by mortgage or consumer credit with near record levels of net debt repayment intentions continuing. Consumer credit demand hasstabilised at around 9% of adults in the past three quarters, well below the average 13%recorded in the 9 years of the FAB.
Notes:
Enquiries: John Gilbert 0208 944 7510 / 07740 027968
· The Spring 2011 Financial Activity Bulletin covering 18 savings, investment and borrowing activities of consumers, will be published on April 14th.
· GfK NOP conducted interviewing for the FAB among 2,004 adults aged 16+
representative of the UK population by telephone between 11-20 March 2011. The
FAB uses the same survey omnibus as for UK consumer confidence enabling crossanalysis between the two surveys.
· JGFR produce a monthly UK Consumer Confidence Monitor and UK High Earners
Confidence Monitor
· The FAB also includes a regular question asking people whom they regard as their main financial services provider. In the spring survey Barclays replaced Lloyds TSB.
· Also asked on the same omnibus is the JGFR half-yearly Consumer attitudes to the London Olympics tracking survey which includes expected demand for tickets.
· In February 2011 JGFR together with wealth research consultancy ComPeer Ltd
published the 4th annual Financial DIY report that examined attitudes to Financial advice and who people regard as their main financial services adviser
Market Structure
As seen by the push to greater reporting to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley and other requirements, the number of accounting establishments has continued to grow after 2000. The impact of consolidations in the industry has probably muted even more growth that would have occurred in number of establishments.
____________________________________________________________________________
This industry employs a significant number of people for the American economy. The number of accountants in the industry mirrors the growth in number of establishments. Both of these are up over 15% in five years and it is likely the number of those employed in the industry will expand further through the end of the decade.
The industry, despite the presence of the Big Four, is still only moderately concentrated. The four largest players account for over 20% of industry revenues while the top 50 still only control less than 50% of industry revenues. Many small and mid sized businesses turn to small local accounting firms in their local geographic area.
Concentration of Revenue by number of firms in the industry is as follows:
Total Number of firms Revenue as % of all firms in the industry
4 largest 21.6%
8 largest 28.0%
20 largest 42.1%
50 largest 47.0%
Market Metrics==
As described above, demand for accounting services has been consistent and growing for the past several years. The revenue line for the industry will likely trend upwards further out in the decade.
Recent Trends and Developments
Accounting firms and certified public accountants (CPAs) nationwide have begun offering a wide array of services in addition to traditional accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services. This trend is partially a response to clients’ demand for “one-stop shopping” for all their professional services needs. Another cause is the relatively flat growth in demand for traditional accounting and auditing services over the past 10 years and the desire of CPAs to develop more value-added services. The addition of management consulting, legal, and other professional services to the practice mix of large national accounting networks is transforming the industry and has engendered the new category of MDPs (multi-discplinary practices).
Many firms now offer technology consulting because of growing client demand for Internet and electronic commerce services. A recent survey of CPA clients indicates that keeping up with technology is the strategic issue of greatest concern to clients, followed by recruiting and retaining staff, competing with larger companies, planning for executive succession, and maximizing productivity.
CPA firms will continue to develop their capabilities and/or alliances to meet clients’ demands. Some other areas of expansion among accounting firms are administrative services, financial and investment planning services, general management services, government administration, human resources, international operations, information technology and computer systems consulting, litigation support, manufacturing administration, marketing, and research and development.
A trend toward consolidation is under way in the accounting industry. Many small and medium-size independent firms are merging or forming alliances with large service companies such as American Express Company, H&R Block Incorporated, and Century Business Services. Consolidation is causing a decline in the number of independent accounting firms that offer only tax and accounting services. The large increase in revenue among the top 100 accounting firms in the late 1990s may be partially attributable to this trend toward consolidation.
The company was founded on May 31, 1935,[1] as the result of the merger of Fox Film Corporation, founded by William Fox in 1915, and Twentieth Century Pictures, founded in 1933 by Darryl F. Zanuck, Joseph Schenck, Raymond Griffith and William Goetz.
20th Century Fox's most popular film franchises include Avatar, The Simpsons, Star Wars, Ice Age, Garfield, Alvin and the Chipmunks, X-Men, Die Hard, Alien, Speed, Revenge of the Nerds, Planet of the Apes, Home Alone, Dr. Dolittle, Night at the Museum, Predator, and The Chronicles of Narnia (which was previously distributed by Walt Disney Pictures). Some of the most famous actors to come out of this studio were Shirley Temple, who was 20th Century Fox's first movie star, Betty Grable, Gene Tierney, Marilyn Monroe and Jayne Mansfield.
(References to "Fox" below refer to William Fox or Fox Film Corporation until 1935 and shortly afterwards, and to Twentieth Century-Fox or Twentieth Century Fox afterwards.)
Their most commercially successful production partners in later years has been 1492 Pictures, Lucasfilm, Lightstorm Entertainment, Davis Entertainment, Walden Media, Regency Enterprises, Blue Sky Studios, Troublemaker Studios, Marvel Studios, Ingenious Film Partners, Scott Free Productions, Gracie Films, EuropaCorp, Color Force, Centropolis Entertainment, Conundrum Entertainment, Bad Hat Harry Productions, Red Hour Productions, Village Roadshow Pictures, Dune Entertainment, Chernin Entertainment, The Donners' Company, 21 Laps Entertainment and Spyglass Entertainment.
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Fox Film Corporation
1.2 Twentieth Century Pictures
1.3 Twentieth Century/Fox merger
1.4 Production and financial problems
1.5 Rupert Murdoch
2 Television
3 Music
4 Logo and fanfare
5 20th Century Fox franchises
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links
[edit]History
[edit]Fox Film Corporation
"Fox Film Corporation" redirects here.
The Fox Film Corporation was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox, who formed Fox Film Corporation by merging two companies he had established in 1913: Greater New York Film Rental, a distribution firm, which was part of the Independents; and Fox (or Box, depending on the source) Office Attractions Company, a production company. This merging of a distribution company and a production company was an early example of vertical integration. Only a year before, the latter company had distributed Winsor McCay's groundbreaking cartoon Gertie the Dinosaur.
Always more of an entrepreneur than a showman, Fox concentrated on acquiring and building theaters; pictures were secondary. The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood to oversee the studio's West Coast production facilities where a more hospitable and cost-effective climate existed for film making. Fox had purchased the Edendale studio of the failing Selig Polyscope Company, which had been making movies in Los Angeles since 1909 and was the first motion picture studio in the city.
With the introduction of sound technologies, Fox moved to acquire the rights to a sound-on-film process. In the years 1925–26, Fox purchased the rights to the work of Freeman Harrison Owens, the U.S. rights to the Tri-Ergon system invented by three German inventors, and the work of Theodore Case. This resulted in the Movietone sound system later known as "Fox Movietone". Later that year, the company began offering films with a music-and-effects track, and the following year Fox began the weekly Fox Movietone News feature, which ran until 1963. The growing company needed space, and in 1926 Fox acquired 300 acres (1.2 km2) in the open country west of Beverly Hills and built "Movietone City", the best-equipped studio of its time.
When rival Marcus Loe
The 36th quarterly JGFR Financial Activity Barometer finds consumers intended savings,investment and borrowing intentions at the weakest since December 2007.
The headline JGFR Financial Activity Index is down to 90.7 from 92.3 in December, with all three subindices lower (see Chart 1).
No spring bounce in housing market
Of most concern for economic policy makers is the collapse in housing market confidence (see Chart 2). The impact of and uncertainty surrounding job cuts is likely to be the reason this quarter for the survey low in property purchase intentions and the continuing weakness of mortgage demand.
Compared to March 2009 when the JGFR Property Purchase Intentions Index showed a big jump in forthcoming housing market activity, this spring the Index points in the opposite direction, standing at 50.3, down from 57.3 in December and nearly 30 points lower than two years ago.
People seeking to sell property in many parts of the UK may well be forced to cut prices considerably to attract buyers – or let out their property and rent themselves.
Cash savings at survey low
Expected savings and investment activity fell for the fourth successive quarter reflecting the ongoing squeeze on household budgets. Around 62% of adults intend to save/invest compared to 71% a year ago. While ISA intentions have held up well, fewer people intend to place a cash deposit, down from 33% to 29% on the quarter and down from 36% a year ago.
Slump in investor sentiment
Investment sentiment tumbled this quarter with the JGFR Equity Buying Intentions Index slumping from 109.4 to 95.5 on the quarter – its weakest since March 2009. In the past,government or corporate bonds have benefited from poor equity sentiment but not this quarter, with demand close to a survey low.
Pension demand holds up but very weak demand for life products
Demand for life & pension products is well down on March 2010 and is at its lowest level since September 2009. The overall JGFR Life & Pensions Index fell from 91.6 to 89.1 and compares with 96.2 a year ago. While pensions contribution intentions have held up well,expected inflows to life schemes are much reduced.
Consumer credit demand bottoming out
In recent quarters the headline JGFR Borrowing Index (55.1) has edged progressively lower and is 21 points lower than in March 2009 (76.4) and a half of its level in March 2003 (110.7).
Relatively few consumers seek or need to borrow either by mortgage or consumer credit with near record levels of net debt repayment intentions continuing. Consumer credit demand hasstabilised at around 9% of adults in the past three quarters, well below the average 13%recorded in the 9 years of the FAB.
Notes:
Enquiries: John Gilbert 0208 944 7510 / 07740 027968
· The Spring 2011 Financial Activity Bulletin covering 18 savings, investment and borrowing activities of consumers, will be published on April 14th.
· GfK NOP conducted interviewing for the FAB among 2,004 adults aged 16+
representative of the UK population by telephone between 11-20 March 2011. The
FAB uses the same survey omnibus as for UK consumer confidence enabling crossanalysis between the two surveys.
· JGFR produce a monthly UK Consumer Confidence Monitor and UK High Earners
Confidence Monitor
· The FAB also includes a regular question asking people whom they regard as their main financial services provider. In the spring survey Barclays replaced Lloyds TSB.
· Also asked on the same omnibus is the JGFR half-yearly Consumer attitudes to the London Olympics tracking survey which includes expected demand for tickets.
· In February 2011 JGFR together with wealth research consultancy ComPeer Ltd
published the 4th annual Financial DIY report that examined attitudes to Financial advice and who people regard as their main financial services adviser
Market Structure
As seen by the push to greater reporting to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley and other requirements, the number of accounting establishments has continued to grow after 2000. The impact of consolidations in the industry has probably muted even more growth that would have occurred in number of establishments.
____________________________________________________________________________
This industry employs a significant number of people for the American economy. The number of accountants in the industry mirrors the growth in number of establishments. Both of these are up over 15% in five years and it is likely the number of those employed in the industry will expand further through the end of the decade.
The industry, despite the presence of the Big Four, is still only moderately concentrated. The four largest players account for over 20% of industry revenues while the top 50 still only control less than 50% of industry revenues. Many small and mid sized businesses turn to small local accounting firms in their local geographic area.
Concentration of Revenue by number of firms in the industry is as follows:
Total Number of firms Revenue as % of all firms in the industry
4 largest 21.6%
8 largest 28.0%
20 largest 42.1%
50 largest 47.0%
Market Metrics==
As described above, demand for accounting services has been consistent and growing for the past several years. The revenue line for the industry will likely trend upwards further out in the decade.
Recent Trends and Developments
Accounting firms and certified public accountants (CPAs) nationwide have begun offering a wide array of services in addition to traditional accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services. This trend is partially a response to clients’ demand for “one-stop shopping” for all their professional services needs. Another cause is the relatively flat growth in demand for traditional accounting and auditing services over the past 10 years and the desire of CPAs to develop more value-added services. The addition of management consulting, legal, and other professional services to the practice mix of large national accounting networks is transforming the industry and has engendered the new category of MDPs (multi-discplinary practices).
Many firms now offer technology consulting because of growing client demand for Internet and electronic commerce services. A recent survey of CPA clients indicates that keeping up with technology is the strategic issue of greatest concern to clients, followed by recruiting and retaining staff, competing with larger companies, planning for executive succession, and maximizing productivity.
CPA firms will continue to develop their capabilities and/or alliances to meet clients’ demands. Some other areas of expansion among accounting firms are administrative services, financial and investment planning services, general management services, government administration, human resources, international operations, information technology and computer systems consulting, litigation support, manufacturing administration, marketing, and research and development.
A trend toward consolidation is under way in the accounting industry. Many small and medium-size independent firms are merging or forming alliances with large service companies such as American Express Company, H&R Block Incorporated, and Century Business Services. Consolidation is causing a decline in the number of independent accounting firms that offer only tax and accounting services. The large increase in revenue among the top 100 accounting firms in the late 1990s may be partially attributable to this trend toward consolidation.
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