anjalicutek
Anjali Khurana
Arlington Contact Lens Service, Inc (AC Lens) was formed in 1995 and launched in 1996 by Dr. Peter Clarkson in the back of an optometrist’s office on the campus of The Ohio State University in Columbus, OH[1]. AC Lens incorporated in the State of Ohio in 1998. In 2000, AC Lens acquired I-Ohio LLC in an exchange of private stock[2]. AC Lens now operates various websites including USA and United Kingdom based sites. Dr. Clarkson is a graduate of Southampton University in the UK and The Ohio State University College of Medicine.
On February 4, 2004, the Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers Act went into effect. This federal law requires that optical care providers release their patients' prescriptions to them. AC Lens was provided the opportunity to comment and suggest changes to the FTC on March 31, 2004[3]. The final ruling on the law was released by the FTC in July 2004[4]. In October 2004, the FTC released a A Guide for Prescribers and Sellers
One example of projective technique is the Mood boards (brand mapping). These are collages of, example magazine clippings which represents the way the participants of the study think or feel about the research object. The assignments that are given to the participants are commonly open or the participants can include clips whatever seems connected to them. In practice, the respondents clip people, animals, things, colors and words. This technique is useful in qualitative study, for instance the study by Hofstede, van Hoof, Walenberg & de Jong (2007) which focus on the personification of the celebrities which corresponds their view about four beers. As a result, the authors had been able to gather data which support the perceived image of the consumers towards the brands.
Another technique is the sentence completion (completion), the subject will be given an incomplete sentence, story, argument or conversation and asked to finish it (Burns & Lennon, 1993 in Donoghue, 2000). This technique will be very useful in the quantitative research, because the researcher will be able to get simple and concise answers from the respondents which will be easy to understand or analyze. For instance, the participants can be asked to complete a sentence which pertains on the characteristics of a given product or brand, it can be used in order to know the expectations of the consumers towards the product or brand, together with his or her perception about it. Thus, it will be very helpful in comparing the expectations and satisfactions of the customers, which can help to evaluate the performance of the product or brand in meeting the demands and needs of the customers.
Both of the said process will be helpful because it enables the sample to enjoy the study, at the same time, enable the researchers to gather important information to be used in the decision-making process.
Question 2
There are many types of errors that are generally classified as sampling and non-sampling errors. A sampling error is the difference between the observe values of a specific variable and the average of a series of observed values over a period of time. On the other hand, non-sampling errors commonly arise because of errors in design, logic interpretation, field service or presentation (Stevens, Wrenn, Sherwood, & Ruddick, 2005).
In the case of the lifestyle survey of the Statistic Department of Singapore, base on the target 2,000 sample, it can be said that the study will face sampling errors. These errors pertain on the difference between a sample result and the result that would have been achieved by undertaking a complete census. Thus, just like in the case, the Department of Statistics done under-representation of the particular case in the sample, compared with the population as a whole. The entire population of the country as of March, 2008 was already 4.84 million. Thus, it can be said that 2,000 responses from the samples cannot represents the entire behavior or responses of the entire population. It is important to consider that it is important to take at least 60% of the entire population. However, the study will be very large, if it will take the 60% of the entire Singaporean, because, it will be hard to analyze such huge data. Thus, it can be said that the Department of Statistics made an error in choosing the statistical population, because the population is very huge that it will need huge amount of resources in order finish the study. Thus, because of the huge population, it will require long time in order to finish the study, it is important to consider the fact that the lifestyle of people changes over time, therefore when the study finish, the outcome can be obsolete because changes had happened in the lifestyle of the Singaporean.
On the other hand, because of the said errors in the sampling aspect of the study, it can be said that it will have and directly and indirectly impact over the non-sampling aspect of the study. Thus, this is called the sample frame errors consists of non-coverage and over-coverage samples in the population. Thus, it can be said that the entire research is not representing the entire population as well as the segments of the population. Aside from that, researcher did not include information that will delimit the candidate respondents, there is a big possibility for bias, because there will be some group (age, gender etc.) that will not be included in the study. These problems will be prevented by planning the samples and then adjusting it based on what and how the study will be conducted. Thus, it can affect the data gathering method which can add up to the bias of sampling framework. Thus, the most effective way of limiting or preventing the said error is to recognize its existence and to take correctional measures which pertain on improving the sample frame; establishing clear instruction which concern the data gathering method; specifying callback requirements; and verifying and monitoring responses from the sample population
On February 4, 2004, the Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers Act went into effect. This federal law requires that optical care providers release their patients' prescriptions to them. AC Lens was provided the opportunity to comment and suggest changes to the FTC on March 31, 2004[3]. The final ruling on the law was released by the FTC in July 2004[4]. In October 2004, the FTC released a A Guide for Prescribers and Sellers
One example of projective technique is the Mood boards (brand mapping). These are collages of, example magazine clippings which represents the way the participants of the study think or feel about the research object. The assignments that are given to the participants are commonly open or the participants can include clips whatever seems connected to them. In practice, the respondents clip people, animals, things, colors and words. This technique is useful in qualitative study, for instance the study by Hofstede, van Hoof, Walenberg & de Jong (2007) which focus on the personification of the celebrities which corresponds their view about four beers. As a result, the authors had been able to gather data which support the perceived image of the consumers towards the brands.
Another technique is the sentence completion (completion), the subject will be given an incomplete sentence, story, argument or conversation and asked to finish it (Burns & Lennon, 1993 in Donoghue, 2000). This technique will be very useful in the quantitative research, because the researcher will be able to get simple and concise answers from the respondents which will be easy to understand or analyze. For instance, the participants can be asked to complete a sentence which pertains on the characteristics of a given product or brand, it can be used in order to know the expectations of the consumers towards the product or brand, together with his or her perception about it. Thus, it will be very helpful in comparing the expectations and satisfactions of the customers, which can help to evaluate the performance of the product or brand in meeting the demands and needs of the customers.
Both of the said process will be helpful because it enables the sample to enjoy the study, at the same time, enable the researchers to gather important information to be used in the decision-making process.
Question 2
There are many types of errors that are generally classified as sampling and non-sampling errors. A sampling error is the difference between the observe values of a specific variable and the average of a series of observed values over a period of time. On the other hand, non-sampling errors commonly arise because of errors in design, logic interpretation, field service or presentation (Stevens, Wrenn, Sherwood, & Ruddick, 2005).
In the case of the lifestyle survey of the Statistic Department of Singapore, base on the target 2,000 sample, it can be said that the study will face sampling errors. These errors pertain on the difference between a sample result and the result that would have been achieved by undertaking a complete census. Thus, just like in the case, the Department of Statistics done under-representation of the particular case in the sample, compared with the population as a whole. The entire population of the country as of March, 2008 was already 4.84 million. Thus, it can be said that 2,000 responses from the samples cannot represents the entire behavior or responses of the entire population. It is important to consider that it is important to take at least 60% of the entire population. However, the study will be very large, if it will take the 60% of the entire Singaporean, because, it will be hard to analyze such huge data. Thus, it can be said that the Department of Statistics made an error in choosing the statistical population, because the population is very huge that it will need huge amount of resources in order finish the study. Thus, because of the huge population, it will require long time in order to finish the study, it is important to consider the fact that the lifestyle of people changes over time, therefore when the study finish, the outcome can be obsolete because changes had happened in the lifestyle of the Singaporean.
On the other hand, because of the said errors in the sampling aspect of the study, it can be said that it will have and directly and indirectly impact over the non-sampling aspect of the study. Thus, this is called the sample frame errors consists of non-coverage and over-coverage samples in the population. Thus, it can be said that the entire research is not representing the entire population as well as the segments of the population. Aside from that, researcher did not include information that will delimit the candidate respondents, there is a big possibility for bias, because there will be some group (age, gender etc.) that will not be included in the study. These problems will be prevented by planning the samples and then adjusting it based on what and how the study will be conducted. Thus, it can affect the data gathering method which can add up to the bias of sampling framework. Thus, the most effective way of limiting or preventing the said error is to recognize its existence and to take correctional measures which pertain on improving the sample frame; establishing clear instruction which concern the data gathering method; specifying callback requirements; and verifying and monitoring responses from the sample population