abhishreshthaa
Abhijeet S
DATA PROCESSING
Data processing’s total task in carrying out the analytical program is to convert crude fragments of observation and responses into orderly statistics for interpretation.
The seven stages of data processing are given below:
1. Data preparation. There are three preparation stages necessary in either manual or computer processing: editing, classifying and coding. An additional stage with computers is card punching.
2. Programming. Every data-processing job, whatever the method used, needs preplanning that specifically lays out directions to the persons doing tabulating (manually) or to the machinery (with computers). This describes specifically the particular operations to take place, with what equipment, by whom, and so forth.
3. Sorting. All the bits of data have to be classified together with the other bits that are of the same nature, by being sorted into groups.
4. Counting. When the preparatory work has been done, the individual observations can be counted and accumulated in subtotals of the prescribed classifications.
5. Summarizing. The various subtotals and totals are brought together and summarized in tables that will exhibit the data in an informative manner.
6. Computations. When computers are employed, various calculations May be performed with the data during the tabulation operations. When other methods are utilized, the computations are performed as separate stages subsequent to the preparation of tables.
7. Control. Means for making proper checks of the accuracy of the data processing are practically essential. This includes examination of the coding and, if machines are used, the card punching and programs.
Also, a base total of the number of questionnaire or other data forms being processed should be determined before the processing begins, thereby providing a total with which to verify whether each data breakdown, or analysis, totals to exactly this base figure.
Data processing’s total task in carrying out the analytical program is to convert crude fragments of observation and responses into orderly statistics for interpretation.
The seven stages of data processing are given below:
1. Data preparation. There are three preparation stages necessary in either manual or computer processing: editing, classifying and coding. An additional stage with computers is card punching.
2. Programming. Every data-processing job, whatever the method used, needs preplanning that specifically lays out directions to the persons doing tabulating (manually) or to the machinery (with computers). This describes specifically the particular operations to take place, with what equipment, by whom, and so forth.
3. Sorting. All the bits of data have to be classified together with the other bits that are of the same nature, by being sorted into groups.
4. Counting. When the preparatory work has been done, the individual observations can be counted and accumulated in subtotals of the prescribed classifications.
5. Summarizing. The various subtotals and totals are brought together and summarized in tables that will exhibit the data in an informative manner.
6. Computations. When computers are employed, various calculations May be performed with the data during the tabulation operations. When other methods are utilized, the computations are performed as separate stages subsequent to the preparation of tables.
7. Control. Means for making proper checks of the accuracy of the data processing are practically essential. This includes examination of the coding and, if machines are used, the card punching and programs.
Also, a base total of the number of questionnaire or other data forms being processed should be determined before the processing begins, thereby providing a total with which to verify whether each data breakdown, or analysis, totals to exactly this base figure.