Hi I am Searching for Different Types and Characteristics of Research with example. Anyone like to Share Information on Types of Research.
Survey Research: Developed since the 1930's, survey research seeks to identify what large numbers of people (mass) think or feel about certain things. It is used extensively in politics and marketing (such as TV advertising).
Examples of survey research are
• Public opinion polls
• Mail Surveys
• Telephone Surveys
• Consumer Surveys (in the Mall)
An amazing fact about survey research is that the amount of error (expressed as plus and minus a certain percentage) is determined by the sample size (the number of people surveyed).
2. Focus Group : A focus group gathers in-depth information by interviewing six to twelve experts in an informal discussion that lasts one to two hours. An experienced interviewer gathers opinions of the group.
Benefits of Focus Groups
• Opinions are canvassed on specific topics
• Immediate feedback or additional questions are possible
• Can help identify key issues quickly
Problems Using Focus Groups
• The group can be dominated by a particular person or viewpoint
• Only a limited number of questions can be dealt with
• The interviewer could bias the results
Typical Uses of Focus Group
• Gauging consumer reaction to products (such as the pre-release of a movie or product)
• Understanding why consumers buy or don't buy certain products
• Identifying the use of products and services
3. Case Studies: A case study looks at existing information that is readily available and attempts to draw conclusions from this information. Information has been collected and stored from a wide variety of sources about many issues. Much of this information is readily available in the public domain. The researcher begins with a number of research questions. For instance, a researcher might want to look at the impact of information technology in South Africa since the overthrow of white rule.
4. Delphi Method : The Delphi method surveys the opinions of "expert panels". The research is conducted in three rounds, where the information is gathered, refined and then feed back to the expert participants. The feedback stage allows issues to be sharpened and helps to highlight the major issues involved. Round one involves an in-house panel that seeks to identify the research questions for the experts. It also conducts a pre-test of the survey. The second round involves an examination of the issues by the expert panel. At this stage, additional items are often suggested that may have been overlooked. The panel responses and additional items are combined to the original questionnaire. In the third round, the panel make judgements on the items. This sometimes takes the form of a multiple-choice questionnaire.
5. Content Analysis: Content analysis is often used in quantitative research to study trends or occurrences of information. During World War II, the allies monitored the number and types of songs played on European radio stations. By comparing the music played on German radio to that of other radio stations in occupied territory, the allies were able to measure the changes in troop concentration on the continent.
Characteristics of Research
1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental and case study.
5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures.
7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive