Understanding Computer Viruses and How to Stay Protected

A computer virus is a malicious program designed to disrupt the normal functioning of a computer system. Just like a biological virus, it can replicate and spread from one system to another, often without the user's knowledge. Viruses can lead to data loss, identity theft, system crashes, and more.

Computer viruses are typically spread through email attachments, malicious downloads, infected USB drives, and unsecured websites. Once activated, a virus may corrupt files, steal sensitive data, display spam messages, or even lock users out of their systems.

Types of computer viruses include:

• File infectors: attach themselves to program files.
• Macro viruses: target applications like Microsoft Word or Excel.
• Boot sector viruses: infect the startup area of a computer.
• Polymorphic viruses: change their code to avoid detection.
• Ransomware: encrypts data and demands payment for access.

Some of the most infamous viruses include ILOVEYOU, Melissa, and WannaCry. These caused widespread damage and highlighted the importance of robust cybersecurity.

To protect against viruses, users should:

• Install and regularly update antivirus software.
• Avoid downloading attachments from unknown sources.
• Keep their operating system and software updated.
• Use strong passwords and multi-factor authentication.
• Regularly back up important data to an external drive or cloud.

Cybersecurity professionals continually develop defenses to combat evolving threats. Firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and endpoint protection platforms form part of a layered security approach.

In the business world, a single virus attack can disrupt operations, damage reputation, and incur huge costs. Hence, organizations invest heavily in employee training and advanced security protocols.

In conclusion, while computer viruses remain a significant threat, proactive measures, education, and technology can provide strong protection.