Description
here is a presentation on types of process of Fabrication in detail please check and reply if you liked it..
Types of processes Conversion (ex. Iron to steel) Fabrication (ex. Cloth to clothes) Assembly (ex. Parts to components) Testing (ex. For quality of products)
The product-process matrix is a tool for analyzing the relationship between the product life cycle and the technological life cycle. It was introduced by Robert H. Hayes and Steven C. Wheelwright in two classic management articles published in Harvard Business Review in 1979, entitled "Link Manufacturing Process and Product Life Cycles" and "The Dynamics of ProcessProduct Life Cycles." The authors used this matrix to examine market-manufacturing congruence issues and to facilitate the understanding of the strategic options available to a company.
The matrix itself consists of two dimensions, product structure/product life cycle and process structure/process life cycle. The production process used to manufacture a product moves through a series of stages, much like the stages of products and markets, which begins with a highly flexible, high-cost process and progresses toward increasing standardization, mechanization, and automation,...
Product-process Matrix: shows relationship between process structures and volume requirements. As vol increases and product line narrows, specialised equip becomes feasible.
Process product strustru Low Multiple
Volume, One of a Kind I. Job Shop II. Batch III. Assembly Line IV. Continuous Flow
High Few Volume, Major Products, Products, High Low Higher StandardVolume Volume ization
Flexibility (High) Unit Cost (High)
Commercial Printer French Restaurant Heavy Equipment Automobile Assembly Burger King Sugar Refinery
These are the major stages of product and process life cycles
Flexibility (Low) Unit Cost (Low)
A standard approach to choosing among alternative processes or equipment Model seeks to determine the point in units produced (and sold) where we will start making profit on the process or equipment Model seeks to determine the point in units produced (and sold) where total revenue and total cost are equal
Break-Even Analysis (Continued)
Break-even Demand= Purchase cost of process or equipment Price per unit - Cost per unit or Total fixed costs of process or equipment Unit price to customer - Variable costs per unit
This formula can be used to find any of its components algebraically if the other parameters are known
Example: Suppose you want to purchase a new computer that will cost $5,000. It will be used to process written orders from customers who will pay $25 each for the service. The cost of labor, electricity and the form used to place the order is $5 per customer. How many customers will we need to serve to permit the total revenue to break-even with our costs?
Break-even Demand: = Total fixed costs of process or equip. Unit price to customer Variable costs =5,000/(25-5) =250 customers
Manufacturing Process Flow Design
A process flow design can be defined as a mapping of the specific processes that raw materials, parts, and subassemblies follow as they move through a plant The most common tools to conduct a process flow design include assembly drawings, assembly charts, and operation and route sheets
Example: Process Flow Chart
Material Received from Supplier
Inspect Material for Defects
No, Continue« Defects found?
Yes
Return to Supplier for Credit
doc_388932963.ppt
here is a presentation on types of process of Fabrication in detail please check and reply if you liked it..
Types of processes Conversion (ex. Iron to steel) Fabrication (ex. Cloth to clothes) Assembly (ex. Parts to components) Testing (ex. For quality of products)
The product-process matrix is a tool for analyzing the relationship between the product life cycle and the technological life cycle. It was introduced by Robert H. Hayes and Steven C. Wheelwright in two classic management articles published in Harvard Business Review in 1979, entitled "Link Manufacturing Process and Product Life Cycles" and "The Dynamics of ProcessProduct Life Cycles." The authors used this matrix to examine market-manufacturing congruence issues and to facilitate the understanding of the strategic options available to a company.
The matrix itself consists of two dimensions, product structure/product life cycle and process structure/process life cycle. The production process used to manufacture a product moves through a series of stages, much like the stages of products and markets, which begins with a highly flexible, high-cost process and progresses toward increasing standardization, mechanization, and automation,...
Product-process Matrix: shows relationship between process structures and volume requirements. As vol increases and product line narrows, specialised equip becomes feasible.
Process product strustru Low Multiple
Volume, One of a Kind I. Job Shop II. Batch III. Assembly Line IV. Continuous Flow
High Few Volume, Major Products, Products, High Low Higher StandardVolume Volume ization
Flexibility (High) Unit Cost (High)
Commercial Printer French Restaurant Heavy Equipment Automobile Assembly Burger King Sugar Refinery
These are the major stages of product and process life cycles
Flexibility (Low) Unit Cost (Low)
A standard approach to choosing among alternative processes or equipment Model seeks to determine the point in units produced (and sold) where we will start making profit on the process or equipment Model seeks to determine the point in units produced (and sold) where total revenue and total cost are equal
Break-Even Analysis (Continued)
Break-even Demand= Purchase cost of process or equipment Price per unit - Cost per unit or Total fixed costs of process or equipment Unit price to customer - Variable costs per unit
This formula can be used to find any of its components algebraically if the other parameters are known
Example: Suppose you want to purchase a new computer that will cost $5,000. It will be used to process written orders from customers who will pay $25 each for the service. The cost of labor, electricity and the form used to place the order is $5 per customer. How many customers will we need to serve to permit the total revenue to break-even with our costs?
Break-even Demand: = Total fixed costs of process or equip. Unit price to customer Variable costs =5,000/(25-5) =250 customers
Manufacturing Process Flow Design
A process flow design can be defined as a mapping of the specific processes that raw materials, parts, and subassemblies follow as they move through a plant The most common tools to conduct a process flow design include assembly drawings, assembly charts, and operation and route sheets
Example: Process Flow Chart
Material Received from Supplier
Inspect Material for Defects
No, Continue« Defects found?
Yes
Return to Supplier for Credit
doc_388932963.ppt