Turku School Of Economics International Business Annual Report 2012

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During this brief paper define turku school of economics international business annual report 2012.

Turku School of Economics
International Business
Annual Report 2012
CONTENTS
CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... 1
REVIEW OF THE YEAR 2012 .......................................................................... 3
FACULTY PROFILES ........................................................................................ 5
TEACHING ........................................................................................................ 12
International Business curriculum ................................................................... 12
Master’s degree programme in Global Innovation Management ................. 14
Courses ................................................................................................................ 15
Student Association for International Trade ................................................... 18
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES ............................................................................... 20
Theses .................................................................................................................. 21
Research projects ................................................................................................ 28
Dissertations in progress .................................................................................... 35
Participation in conferences, seminars and workshops .................................. 36
PUBLICATIONS ................................................................................................ 39
Articles in refereed journals and books or book chapters ............................. 39
Conference papers .............................................................................................. 40
Articles in economic periodicals, business reviews and newspapers ............. 43
Other publications .............................................................................................. 44
OTHER ACTIVITIES ....................................................................................... 46
International collaboration ................................................................................ 46

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Administration .................................................................................................... 48
Professional and community relations.............................................................. 48

3
REVIEW OF THE YEAR 2012
In my memories year 2012 stays as a very dynamic one. Although for an
outsider it probably looked as ‘business as usual’, from inside there was a lot of
dynamics. This was mostly due to very happy news – altogether five faculty
members were on parental leave during that year! However, thanks to the
professional attitude and competence of our faculty, we continued our activities
without any disturbance.
Our activities continued on relying two important legs: research and teaching.
International business (IB) research was active, as in previous years. Active
publication of our research in high-quality outlets continued and it was
particularly enlightening to see that the group of faculty members with
experience in publishing internationally keeps growing all the time. Altogether
our scientific output in 2012 was six articles in international peer-reviewed
journals, eight chapters in edited books by international publishers and a huge
number of papers presented in academic conferences. Well done all, indeed!
Most of the IB research is a collaborative effort and we also want to share our
sincerest thanks with our partners both in Finland and abroad. Thank you for
sharing your expertise with us, we look forward to new interesting opportunities
in the future!
Our goal is also to provide first-class teaching based on high-quality research
in close cooperation with the surrounding business community. Besides the
disciplinary learning objectives our students also develop their personal and
professional capabilities, which makes them better contributors to the
communities they choose to serve. These capabilities include, for example,
information literacy, independent, creative and ethical problem solving and
working in diverse and cross-cultural teams. Our faculty is already rather
international and regular international visitors emphasise the cultural
competence of both personnel and students even more. We were very glad to
host, for example, professor Nicole Coviello (Wilfried Laurier University,
Canada) and assistant professor Igor Kalinic (University of Groningen, the
Netherlands) last year, and hope that our international collaboration with them
and others will continue in the future. In all areas of teaching, we collaborate
closely with other departments of the TSE, but we also have linkages to the

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various faculties of the University of Turku, and this gives our students the
possibility to learn not only in a multicultural but also in multidisciplinary
environment. In addition to the teaching collaboration in-house, co-operation
with external partners was maintained and even extended. For example, we
participate in the activities of the national graduate school FIGSIB on a regular
basis – both as participants and as organisers of events and training.
In order to secure the commitment of the students majoring in international
business, they are selected through a separate selection process. Again, in
2012, the selection interviews were conducted in co-operation with the
personnel of the Unit for Languages and Business Communication at the TSE. I
wish to express my warmest thanks to them as their contribution has been
invaluable.
It is my pleasure to conclude that the Department of International Business at
Turku School of Economics has carried out its activities in an exemplary
manner. The past year has been very successful and it gives us firm ground on
which to build on our forthcoming activities.

Niina Nummela
Professor, International Business

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FACULTY PROFILES
Frederick Ahen
Doctoral Student
Frederick is interested in advancing empirical and theoretical
analysis into the following substantive domain: the strategic
corporate responsibility of MNCs in the science and
innovation industry, especially pharmaceutical companies
operating in emerging economies. Other connected areas of interest include
socio-political issues in strategic management, comparative institutional
analysis, the constrained optimisation of dynamic capabilities in pharmaceutical
organisations.

Riitta Birkstedt
Doctoral Student
Riitta finalized her doctoral thesis on corporate branding in
multinational corporations in late 2012. Her study focused on
examining how the meaning of the corporate brand is
constructed within MNCs. Currently, she works as Program
Director for the executive MBA program in TSE exe (Turku School of
Economics, Executive Education and Development).

William Degbey
Project researcher
William’s main research interest is centred on the interdisciplinary
fields of cross-border acquisitions and customer retention as well
as business networks, and doing business in emerging and high-
risk economies. He is currently involved in the research
consortium: Value Creation in International Growth – Focus on Acquisitions and
Joint Ventures (VCIG) Funded by the Academy of Finland and also teaches on
the KV1 (International business management) course.

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Maria Elo
Post-Doctoral Researcher
Maria’s main research interests include diaspora in IB, and
entrepreneurship, business networks and cooperation, SMEs,
internationalisation, remanufacturing, and technological
innovation in services. International trade, particularly stock lot
business is also of her interest. She is also specialised in German and Greek
markets and coordinates the Diaspora Net-research project. Maria teaches
courses related to innovation management, organisational culture and cross-
cultural management works in the Global Innovation Management Master’s
Degree Programme. She also supervises Bachelor’s and Master’s thesis
studies.

Taina Eriksson
Doctoral Student (on maternity leave, June-)
Taina´s doctoral research focuses on the dynamic capabilities
of international, technology-based SMEs. She is especially
interested in the ability of the firms to manage their global value
net.

Mélanie Hassett (former Raukko)
Post-Doctoral Researcher (on maternity leave until Dec 2012)
Mélanie’s research interests are in international acquisitions,
post-acquisition HR and cultural integration, organisational and
work commitments, and research methods, such as longitudinal
research and mixed methods. These research interests are also
visible in her teaching, such as on the advanced course International Mergers
and Acquisitions. She was also responsible for coordinating the VCIG project
funded by the Academy of Finland.

Valtteri Kaartemo
Doctoral Student
Valtteri is interested in the emergence of service ecosystems, and
is currently finalizing his doctoral research on the topic, in the
context of international social media start-ups. He also supervised
Bachelors theses and taught in the course “Business Simulation”
in 2012. From the beginning of 2013, Valtteri works as a university teacher for
international business.

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Anna Karhu
Doctoral Student
Anna’s doctoral research focuses on retail internationalization
process and she is particularly interested in how institutions
influence the process. In addition, Anna supervises Master’s
theses and updates IB web pages and intranet pages among other
administrative tasks.

Mari Ketolainen
Doctoral Student (on maternity leave, September-)
Mari’s doctoral research focuses on capability development in
knowledge-intensive SMEs. In addition to this, her main research
interests revolve around biotechnology companies and SME
internationalisation.

Leena Koivisto
Research Assistant
Leena works at the Pan-European Institute. Her tasks consist of
different administrative duties. She also assists in organising the
courses that PEI provides.

Eini Laaksonen
Project Researcher
Eini works at the Pan-European Institute in SmartComp (Smart
Competitiveness for the Central Baltic region), a Central Baltic
INTERREG IV A Programme 2007–2013 financed project, which
aims to support smart and environmentally sustainable
development, growth, competition and cooperation between maritime clusters,
cities and universities in the Central Baltic region. Until May 2012, Eini worked
as University Teacher at the Pan-European Institute. Eini has specialized in
International Business with an emphasis on the economic development of the
Baltic Sea and Barents Sea regions. Project business opportunities and cluster
dynamics in energy and maritime sectors are of particular interest to her.

Salla Laasonen
Post-Doctoral Researcher

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Salla defended her doctoral thesis entitled ”Corporate responsibility guaranteed
by dialogue? Examining the relationship between nongovernmental
organizations and business” in 2012. She acts as coordinator of the Studies on
Responsible Business, and teaches courses on International Business
Intelligence, Qualitative Research Methods and Philosophy of Science and the
Scientific Research Process, and she has supervised Bachelor’s these. Her
research interests include cross-sector interaction, corporate responsibility,
sustainable development, stakeholder dialogue, and NGOs.

Kari Liuhto
Professor
Kari’s main research interests lie in innovation activities between
the EU and Russia, the outward direct investments of Russian
corporations and energy-related issues in the Baltic Sea region.
He is responsible for courses related to Russia’s market
economy, business in the Baltic Sea region, EU-Russian economic relations
and investments in Central Eastern Europe and Russia. In addition to carrying
out his academic duties, he is the Director of the Pan-European Institute at
Turku School of Economics and the Director of Centrum Balticum.

Teemu Makkonen
Postdoctoral Researcher
Teemu holds a doctorate degree in Economic Geography and
he works at the Pan-European Institute where his tasks consist
mainly of administrative duties and research. He has published
articles on innovation and knowledge-based development.
Teemu supervises theses in master's level and teaches basic
courses on international business.

Hanna Mäkinen
Project Researcher
Hanna works at the Pan-European Institute in SmartComp
(Smart Competitiveness for the Central Baltic region), a Central
Baltic INTERREG IV A Programme 2007–2013 financed project,
which aims to support smart and environmentally sustainable
development, growth, competition and cooperation between
maritime clusters, cities and universities in the Central Baltic region. Until May
2012, Hanna worked as Doctoral Student at the Pan-European Institute. The

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competitiveness of maritime clusters in the Baltic Sea region, EU-Russia energy
relations and contemporary history of the Baltic States are among Hanna’s
research interests

Niina Nummela
Professor
Niina’s main research interests are the international growth of
SMEs, interfirm co-operation, cross-border acquisitions and
mixed methods in IB research. Her teaching areas include, for
example, exports and the internationalisation of SMEs, qualitative research
methods, and classics in international business, marketing and management.
She also supervises Master’s theses and doctoral studies.

Eriikka Paavilainen-Mäntymäki
Post-Doctoral Researcher (on maternity leave)
Eriikka’s main research interests lay in methodological
approaches, such as in visual, longitudinal and case study
research, as well as in method triangulation, diary research and
narratives, the internationalisation and growth processes of
entrepreneurial SMEs and the internationalisation processes of food sector
firms. Additionally, Eriikka is a lecturer for the courses International Business
Intelligence, Qualitative Research Methods and Philosophy of Science & the
Scientific Research Process, and she has supervised Bachelor’s and Master’s
Thesis groups.

Elina Pelto
University Teacher
Elina teaches the course Business Marketing, supervises both
Bachelor’s and Master’s thesis groups, and is an instructor for
various business simulation games. In connection with the
Business Competence study module, she also teaches the
basics of international business to students from other faculties
of the University of Turku. Elina’s main research interests are related to her
doctoral research regarding the effects of foreign entry on business
development and business networks in a transition economy’s context.

Johanna Raitis
Doctoral Student

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Johanna’s doctoral research focuses on organizational identity. Her main
research interests are organizational identification, corporate values, fairness
and cross-cultural research methods.

Birgitta Sandberg
Post-Doctoral Researcher (on parental leave, June 2012 )
Birgitta's main research interests include the development and
marketing of radical innovations and international competences.
She coordinates the Global Innovation Management Master’s
Degree Programme and teaches courses related to international
business, innovation management and qualitative research
methods. She also supervises Bachelor’s and Master’s theses and doctoral
studies.

Innan Sasaki
Doctoral Student
Innan’s doctoral research focuses on investigating long standing
firms in Japan and in Europe. Her research interest includes long
living “Shinise” firms, comparative management between the
East and the West, international HRM and organizational culture.
Taking advantage of her proficiency in Japanese, Finnish, English and Spanish,
she manages international co-research projects related to her doctoral
dissertation with researchers from University of Malaga in Spain and Osaka
University of Economics in Japan.

Esa Stenberg
Professor
Esa’s main research interests are the innovation of business
models, business in emerging economies, and business in high-
risk environments. His teaching areas include European business
and doing business in Asia-Pacific. He also supervises Master’s
theses and doctoral studies.

Anne Vihakara
University Lecturer
Anne’s main research interests focus on foreign direct
investments and cross-cultural communication, especially in

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Asia (China, Thailand, and India). She is particularly interested in detecting and
analysing change in these fields through longitudinal and comparative
longitudinal studies. Anne’s main teaching areas are international business and
research methods. She also participates in course design and development.
Additionally, Anne supervises Bachelor’s and Master’s theses, and also
comments on Doctoral theses.

Peter Zettinig
University Research Fellow, Docent
Peter’s main research interests are at the cross-roads of
international business, strategy and entrepreneurship. He is
involved in a number of research projects with colleagues from
Australia, China, New Zealand, Sweden and the United States.
These research interests have led to teaching, where Peter is involved in
courses related to international business strategy, innovation management and
research design and management. His responsibilities, besides research and
teaching in the International Business Programs, the Global Innovation
Management Program and the executive MBA, extend to the supervision of
doctoral research and administrative tasks primarily related to the Master’s
Degree Programme in Global Innovation Management and responsibilities in
executive education.

* * * * * * * * * *

Henrikki Tikkanen, Docent, Professor at Aalto University School of Economics
Jorma Larimo, Docent, Professor at the University of Vaasa
Jussi Hätönen, Docent, European Investment Bank
Karin Holstius, Professor Emerita
Martti Salo, Lecturer Emeritus
Sampsa Saralehto, Docent, Helsinki Region Chamber of Commerce
Sten-Olof Hansén, Professor Emeritus
Urpo Kivikari, Professor Emeritus
Zsuzsanna Vincze, Docent, Umeå University

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TEACHING
International Business curriculum
The annual intake of undergraduate students majoring in International Business
has been set at 50. Applicants are selected on the basis of their performance in
the Finnish school matriculation examination, or equivalent, and the TSE
entrance examination. Two interviews, in small groups, follow, one of which is
conducted in Finnish, and the other, organised in co-operation with the
personnel of the Department of Languages, in a foreign language.
The degree programme aims to provide
students with a sound theoretical basis and
the ability to make decisions in an
international context. The emphasis of the
courses is on international business
operations and strategic decision-making in
the international context. Students may also
specialise in the study of certain geographic regions, e.g. Asian markets or
business in Eastern Europe.
Study abroad is encouraged, and in 2012 sixty students chose to participate
in a study exchange abroad. Thus a majority of students majoring in
International Business spend at least one academic term at one of our foreign
partner universities. In 2012, some thirty courses on IB were taught in English,
which accounts for approximately 80% of all IB courses. In addition, most
theses are written in English and many prepared in seminars which are
conducted in English. The fact that a large majority of the courses offered in
International Business are taught in English makes them very popular with
foreign exchange students, which in itself provides all participants with excellent
opportunities to learn to manage cultural diversity.

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Most of the International Business courses are taught in English, which makes them
popular with foreign students.

IB students learn how to manage international business in a highly
competitive global environment. Learning takes place not only through lectures
and reading but also through exercises, case discussions, presentations, written
reports, group work and business simulations. Thus, the studies rely on active
participation by the students, both individually and in smaller groups.
Frequently, visiting guest lecturers bring real-life business perspectives into the
classrooms. The following visitors, among others, shared their knowledge with
our students during 2012:

? Anita Kuvaja, Regulatory Affairs Director, PerkinElmer, Wallac
? Jani Valtonen, Mercuri International
? Jessica Säilä, Director/Business Development, Nordic ID
? Jorge Bravo, NuDay AB
? Kai Paananen, CEO, SET Petrochemicals Oy
? Marie Laine, Vice President, Uniqoteq
? Matti Anttonen, Director General of the Department for External
Economic Relations, Foreign Ministry of Finland
? Piia Alvesalo, Regional Manager, Confederation of Finnish Industries

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? Rob van Tulder, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus
University
? Sampsa Vainio, Co-Founder, uDrops
? Sven Folkesson, NuDay AB
? Thomas Götz, Ambassador of Germany in Finland
? Virpi Herranen, Director, FinNode Russia
? Vladimir N. Drazhin, Ambassador of Belarus in Finland

In addition, groups regularly visit companies to get hands-on experience from
skilled professionals. For example, students at the course KV1 International
Business Management visited Raisio Group in 2012. Students also prepare
reports for firms as part of their courses. Also, the majority of Master’s theses in
International Business are empirical studies conducted in collaboration with
companies.

Master’s degree programme in Global Innovation Management
International Business Studies at TSE is home to the Global Innovation
Management Master’s Degree Programme (GIM). In 2012, the seventh cohort
of students started this very popular programme, which attracts the majority of
its students from abroad. The curriculum of GIM is positioned where
International Business Studies, Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship
meet. The aim of the programme is to transform our students into professionals
who can support firms in their internationalisation and innovation efforts by
having strategic views on how an innovative activity can be commercialised in
Finland and abroad. During their two-year programme, students acquire deep
insights into finding and preparing solutions by utilising a strong scientific
approach. The outlook for the programme is bright since it continues to attract
well over 200 student applications per year, who apply for 25 available places.
The new cohort will commence their studies in the autumn of 2013. More
information can be found on our website:
http://www3.tse.fi/EN/units/mastersprogrammes/gim/Pages/default.aspx

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Turku School of Economics, where about seventy new students commence their
studies in International Business annually.

Courses
International Business offers courses for undergraduate, graduate and
postgraduate students. More information on these can be found on the internet
(http://www.utu.fi/en/units/tse/units/international_business/studying/Pages/Cour
ses.aspx). The majority of the courses are given in English. They are marked in
bold in the table below.

Code Course Title ECTS cr

BASIC AND INTERMEDIATE STUDIES
KVY BASIC COURSE IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS 3
KV1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 6
KV2 BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND THE GLOBAL BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT
4

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KV3 BUSINESS MARKETING 6
KV4 EXPORTS AND SME INTERNATIONALISATION 6
KV5 MANAGING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STRATEGIES 6
KV12 THE EUROPEAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 3
KV21 EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA TWENTY
YEARS LATER
3
KV22 THE RUSSIAN MARKET ECONOMY 3
KV23 BUSINESS IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION 6
KV24 INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN EASTERN EUROPE 6
KV25 MANAGING R&D AND INNOVATION IN THE BALTIC
SEA REGION
6
KV30 CULTURE AND INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS 2-6
KV31 DOING BUSINESS IN ASIA-PACIFIC 6
KV90 LOCATION-SPECIFIC STUDIES 1-6
KVK BACHELOR’S THESIS 10

ADVANCED STUDIES
KVS1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STRATEGIES 6
KVS2 THE QUANTITATIVE METHODS OF MARKETING
RESEARCH
6
YSM/KV RESEARCH PROCESS AND QUALITATIVE METHODS 6
KVS3 BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS AND
NETWORKS
6
KVS4 INTERNATIONAL MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS 6
KVS5 MANAGING INTERNATIONAL INNOVATION
DEVELOPMENT
6
KVS54 SPECIAL THEMES IN INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 2- 6
KVS55 DEVELOPING SERVICE BUSINESS 6
KVS6 STRATEGY AND BUSINESS COMPETENCE 4
KVS10 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EU – RUSSIA ECONOMIC
RELATIONS
6
KVS13 NEW CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL BUSINESS 6
KVS16 PERSPECTIVES TO THE FINNISH INNOVATION SYSTEM 6
KVS17 STRATEGIC INTERNATIONAL HUMAN
RESOURCEMANAGEMENT
6
KVS19 TRADE AND TRANSPORT FACILITATION 4

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KVS20 SERVICE MANAGEMENT IN AN INTERNATIONAL
CONTEXT
3
KVS90 LOCATION-SPECIFIC STUDIES 1-6
KVPG MASTER’S THESIS 30

STUDIES ONLY FOR THE GIM-PROGRAM
KVS60

RESEARCH METHODS IN INTERNATIONAL
INNOVATION MANAGEMENT
12
KVS63 INTRODUCTION TO EUROPEAN INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY LAW
5

POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
The following general courses related to theoretical and methodological issues are
offered in co-operation with teachers of marketing:
KVJ11 THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
THEORIES
6
KVJ12 ACADEMIC ARGUMENTATION AND PRESENTATION
SKILLS
2
KVJ13 THE USE OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN INTERNATIONAL
BUSINESS
6
KVJ14 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AS A SCIENCE 6
KVJ15 READING THE CLASSICS 6
KVJ16 SPECIALISATION AREA 6
KVL LICENTIATE THESIS 90
KVV DOCTORAL THESIS 180
Doctoral students may also choose specific courses related to the topic of their
dissertation. These courses are tailor-made for each student.

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Student Association for International Trade
The Student Association for
International Trade (KKOY) is a
society for students interested in
international business, and its main
task is to act as a link between the
faculty members and students.
Another important goal is to bring
the business world closer to the
students in order to allow the
learned theories to be linked to
reality. There are seven sitting board members and more than 300 active
members in the society.
KKOY’s most challenging annual project is Contact&Career, a recruitment
fair organised at the beginning of the year in co-operation with ELSA, the
European Law Student Association. Contact&Career allows university students
to network with the representatives of different firms. For companies, it is a
forum in which to achieve high visibility among graduating students and to meet
potential employees.

Contact&Career 2013

KKOY also organizes excursions both in Finland and abroad. In 2012, KKOY
organised an excursion to Hongkong and Macau to visit numerous firms, a

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business university and the embassy. The association also organised an
excursion to KONE’s headquarters in Espoo. In addition, KKOY organises
country-specific theme nights, where participants can learn about various
countries and their cultures in an intriguing manner. In 2012, the themes of
KKOY’s nation nights varied from Germany to France.

By participating in KKOY’s activities, students interested in international
business get to know each other, and in addition, they get acquainted with the
faculty members and representatives of the business community. The President
of the association is currently Mr. Markus Häkli.

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RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
IB research is pursued both at the Department of Marketing and International
Business and at the Pan-European Institute. At the latter, European
perspectives form the main focus of interest, and the institute’s research
concentrates on business development in the Baltic Sea Region and
Eastern Europe. At the former, the research is multi-faceted. The core
research of International Business includes:

Innovations
International development and the launch of innovations, technology
transfer to underdeveloped countries and knowledge transfer in inter-firm
relationships are the main focus of interest. These areas are further
integrated into a specific Master’s degree programme under the theme
Global Innovation Management (GIM).

International Growth and Management
Small and medium-sized foci have traditionally formed the main research
perspectives of growth and management in international business. Several
doctoral students work in this field. In addition, post-doc research across the
globe is active. In the field of international entrepreneurship, the research
conducted at the TSE is internationally acknowledged. A good example of a
research project on international entrepreneurship is the project “Global
Factory – New Strategies and Capabilities in International Entrepreneurial
Firms,” which is conducted together with researchers from Lappeenranta
University of Technology.

International Mergers and Acquisitions
Several departments at TSE engage in research on mergers and
acquisitions. The IB focus rests on the integration process that takes place
after a company has been bought. For instance, the project ManMAP
Managing the M&A Process focused on these issues. Our researchers are
actively networking with academic colleagues both within the school and
with colleagues elsewhere in Finland. A new project on value creation in
international growth (VCIG) started in autumn 2011 in collaboration with the
University of Vaasa and international partners. This four-year project is
funded by the Academy of Finland.

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
CSR is studied on Master’s degree, post-graduate and post-doc levels and
has been the focus of several theses. Areas of research include the role of
business in conflict situations, stakeholder dialogues and the
communication of a company’s CSR.

Developments in European Economy and Business
The Pan-European Institute (PEI) observes the developments within the
European economy and business throughout the whole continent. Its main
focus is on reviewing changes both in the Baltic Sea region and in
neighbouring countries of the European Union, especially in Russia,
Belarus, and Ukraine.

Theses
During 2012, a total of 62 students graduated in International Business, of
which 32 students were awarded the Bachelor’s degree, 27 the Master’s degree
and three students completed their Doctoral Degree.
Sauli Ylikylä’s Master’s thesis “Value co-creation through virtual community
participation” was nominated as the International Business’ candidate for the
Best Master’s Thesis of the Year 2012.
In January of 2012 Katja Heikkilä defended her doctoral dissertation: “A
business-network view on managing MNC relationships with state actors.
Russian public officials in Finnish MNC business networks”. The opponent from
defence was professor Urmas Varblane from Tartu University.
The next doctoral dissertation “Corporate responsibility guaranteed by
dialogue? Examining the relationship between nongovernmental organizations
and business” was defended by Salla Laasonen on February 12
th
2012.
Opponent of this dissertation was Robin van Tulder from Erasmus university of
Rotterdam.
The third dissertation of the year was defended in December 2012 by Riitta
Birkstedt. Her Doctoral Dissertation “Between the deliberate and the emergent -
Constructing corporate brand meaning in MNCs” was supervised by professors
Niina Nummela (Department of Marketing) and assistant professor Peter
Zettinig (Department of Marketing), and pre-examined by Professors Mike
Geppert from the University of Surrey and Johanna Moisander from the Aalto

22
University School of Business. Professor Geppert was also the opponent at the
defence.

Respondent Salla Laasonen, custos Niina Nummela and opponent Robin van
Tulder on 17
th
of February 2012.
Doctoral dissertation
Birkstedt Riitta Between the deliberate and the emergent -
Constructing corporate brand meaning in MNCs
Heikkilä, Katja A business-network view on managing MNC
relationships with state actors. Russian public
officials in Finnish MNC business networks
Laasonen Salla Corporate responsibility guaranteed by dialogue?
Examining the relationship between
nongovernmental organizations and business

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Master’s theses
Dinh, Trang Growing firms in bad times - a case study of
small IT firms in Vietnam
Ettilä, Karoliina The dark side of international business?
Stakeholder approach to human trafficking in
Finnish service and construction sector
Flavia Reis Santos Mata Leadership in the mobile smartphone market
Ganeva, Mariya Music digitalization and its effects on the Finnish
music industry stakeholders
Havupalo, Niko Social injustice in international supply chains -
The consumers' trouble to engage in change.
Case Chocolate industry
Heinonen, Hanna-Kaisa Implementing corporate responsibility through
internal communication on a global scale
Kangasniemi, Riina Sosiaalisen median rooli suurissa suomalaisissa
teollisuusyrityksissä, B2B näkökulma
Kraus, Clemens Organisational learning and knowledge
acquisition. A case study of internationalising
manufacturers of wood-based prefabricated
buildings
Kuitunen, Karita Social media in international brand
communication of SMEs - A multiple case study
of small Finnish design-intensive companies
Laitinen, Pauliina Sustainable development as a business
opportunity for entrepreneurs
Larikka, Mari Strategic alliances as an international entry
strategy: Finnish cleantech SMEs and the Indian
market
Laukkonen, Katariina Engaging business in development. Experiences
of Finnish companies from business partnership
programme Finnpartnership
Lebeau, John Creation of internationalization capabilities in
Finnish environmental technology SMEs

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Lehtinen, Outi Integrating corporate social resposibility with
value creation. Small Finnish interior textile
companies in focus
Lehtonen, Jessi Clusters' contribution to the development of
biotech field - special interest in the Finnish
biotech field
Lindén, Pauliina Timing of entry in SME internationalization
Loimukallio, Erika Success factors of commercial open source
software projects
Mannfolk, Niklas Drivers behind the internationalisation of the
defence business - Perspective of some Finnish
experts
Marjalaakso. Mikko Future trends of Finnish cement based
construction
Mattila, Anna Motivations and means of corporate
environmental responsiveness. Evaluating
proactive environmental strategy in
multinationals based in Finland
Nurmi, Sanna Rewards for motivating employees. Comparative
cases: Vantaa City Authority and Hertfordshire
County Authority
Peltomäki, Nadja Developing a framework for external supply
market analysis
Pöntynen, Erik The potential of scenarios in srategic planning of
SMEs
Prokopenko, Natalia Cross-cultural knowledge transfer within a
multinational company
Rantasalo, Jenni International opportunity recognition among
Finnish SMEs - Organic food SMEs in the Baltic
Sea region
Räsänen, Elina Education export as a form of knowledge
transfer. The potential of Finnish education
export in Chile

25
Ratilainen, Perttu The impact of guanxi to multinational companies
business performance, corporate reputation,
negotiations and management in China
Riihinen Sonja Corporate social performance - Creating shared
value with non-governmental organizations
Saarto, Alex Dynamic capabilities and the internationalization
of knowledge-intensive business
Sadowski, Maciek Customer value creation with RFID and NFC in
apparel retail
Salo, Laura Building a creative city brand through an
international mega-event. Case: Helsinki World
Design Capital 2012
Sufyan, Muhammad Transformation of university knowledge into
firm's innovations - a case study of national
textile university of Pakistan's collaboration with
textile firms
Suomi, Noora Strategic outsourcing of R&D: The location-
specific advantages of India to the
pharmaceutical industry
Tuomela, Minna Intra-organizational knowledge transfer in a
Finnish multinational company
Vuorinen, Jatta-Maria Major change and its consequences.
Pharmaceutical companies' reactions to patent
expirations
Ylikylä, Sauli Value co-creation through virtual community
participation
Bachelor’s theses
Alexeeva, Olga Intrapreneurship, managing organizational
behaviour
Berisha, Besar Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME)
internationalisation strategies

26
Chisty, Mohammed Exploring the business model of "World of
Warcraft"
Elo, Veera The role of networks in foreign market entry of
knowledge-intensive business services
Häkkinen, Saana The changing luxury consumption of the Chinese
middle class
Harikkala, Riikka Development Aid - Seeking a fit between the
objectives and evaluation techniques
Heikkilä, Sari Impact of culture on teamwork. Finnish and
British cultures in comparison
Heikkonen, Jussi Location decisions in the field of mobile game
development. Case Rovio Entertainment
Innanen, Elina Internet Marketing. Reaching target segments
through the Internet
Jafarov, Elkhan Internationalization of the MNEs in the CIS
countries - Entry modes of Finnish MNEs
Kamotskin, Isadora Corporate media strategies in crises and conflicts
Korpinen, Maiju Corporate social responsibility and the role of
stakeholders
Koskinen, Johanna Localization of products in the bottom of the
pyramid markets
Kyläkoski, Taina Towards innovative expansion efforts. Finding a
link between lateral rigidity and managerial
innovation
Lakkala, Hannamari Building brand identity for fine arts - Cases
Salvador Dalí and Andy Warhol
Mäkiö, Miikka Creating business value with it. Exploitation of
cloud computing
Mankinen, Maria Impact investing at the bottom of the pyramid
market. Creating financial and social returns
Marjalaakso, Mikko The effects of emissions trading on the activities
of a Finnish industrial company. Perspective on
the cement industry

27
Matero Parraga, Kaarlo How small economies incentivize foreign direct
investments. Uruguay's forest industry
Ngyuen, Pham Minh Chau The benefits of netnography in consumer
research
Niini, Laura Benefits and risks of public-private partnerships
in the European Union in the awake of the recent
financial crisis
Ostela, Saija Consumer behaviour at the bottom of the
pyramid. The importance of mobile phones to the
poor
Perijäinen, Liisa An overview of corporate social responsibility
and hazard assessment in maritime safety
Purmonen, Anna Open innovation. How Procter & Gamble
adopted open business model
Rantanen, Tuukka Internationalization of Finnish digital  
firms — Investigated through network and born
global theories
Renda, Jonathan Social entrepreneurship. Concept, individuals
and perspectives
Romppanen, Iiro Creating strong brands through narrative thinking
process
Sahlberg, Henna Greenwashing
Saloranta, Juuso New energy vehicle industry in China. Foreign
direct investment perspective
Sufyan, Muhammad Role of universities in firm's innovative capacity
Suhonen, Elisa Development of entrepreneurial and managerial
mindsets
Virkkunen, Antti Environmental clusters in China - Eco-city
stimulating cluster formation

gaming

28
Research projects
The number of collaborative research projects has continued to increase. Many
of these involve international co-operation. A short presentation of the main
research projects in which the faculty of International Business is involved
follows.
Building Intercultural Competence through Multicultural Teaching
In an increasingly global business environment, the
need for internationally competent managers and
employees is growing rapidly. Since the cultural
diversity of students in universities worldwide is
increasing, multicultural classrooms are
increasingly being used for building the intercultural
competence of students. The purpose of this
research project is to analyse what the building of
intercultural competence for students requires of an
individual teacher, who teaches in a multicultural classroom, and how
universities may support this effort. Special attention will be paid to the
measurement of learning related to intercultural competence. The project is a
co-operative effort between Birgitta Sandberg and Zsuzsanna Vincze.
Commercialisation of Pet-related Innovations
The pet food and pet care market is a substantial market, and the consumption
for one’s pet is receiving increasing attention. In this growing market, several
new innovations have been launched during the past years, and this trend is to
continue as people increasingly spend money on their pets. This study focuses
on the commercialisation of pet-related innovations and the specific
characteristics of customers in this market. The project is a co-operative effort
between Birgitta Sandberg and Laura Heinonen (Turku University of Applied
Sciences).

29
Entrepreneurial Internationalisation: Developing an Evolutionary Mid Range
Theory Theories of the Firm
What enables recently founded firms to successfully develop their international
business? What is the role of knowledge in such processes? How do relational
ties to established firms emerge? How do such firms balance their current
economic needs with potentially massive future opportunities? And what
becomes of such firms in the long run? These are some of the questions
considered in this research project, which is conducted by Peter Zettinig, and
Sascha Fuerst from EAFIT University in Colombia (currently writing his
dissertation at the Turku School of Economics), and Petr Berdyshev (doctoral
student). The context for this research is on small and young firms is from
emerging markets contexts such as from Latin America and Russia.
Design thinking and effectuation in social and health care innovation
"Design thinking and effectuation in social and health care innovation" is a
research project in collaboration with TSE Entre (Turku School of Economics)
and Viveca unit of University of Jyväskylä. The research project combines
entrepreneurial innovation behaviour with design thinking in order to create a
novel, flexible and rapid approach for service development. The two-year
project started in November 2012 and it is funded by the Finnish Funding
Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES). The project is carried out as
an action research study. Professionals and students working in the social and
health care sector are mentored in development of organizations and new
services. Real-life innovation processes are monitored and analysed using a
theoretical framework of effectuation and design thinking. The contact person at
the faculty of International Business for this research project is Valtteri
Kaartemo.
Diaspora networks and their role in international business and
entrepreneurship, Diaspora Net Project
This research project involves researchers and specialists representing various
disciplines, universities and countries (Finland, Estonia, China, Uzbekistan,
Azerbaijan, Israel, Greece, Cyprus, Germany, France, UK, Poland, Ghana, and

30
USA). The contact person at TSE is Maria Elo. The research project explores
diasporas, diaspora networks and their role and impact in IB and
entrepreneurship. Diaspora networks have multiple roles in IB beyond the
classic resource flows such as remittances and brain drain. This project
explores and describes how diaspora networks influence IB, how they function
and evolve, how opportunities are identified and developed in/with a new
market and also what kind of constellations in terms of assets and liabilities
these constitute. Diaspora networks embody multidimensional cultural heritage
and their location has strong meanings, other than economic. Diaspora-related
business networking evolves, changes character, as diaspora networks
“transnationalise” and the degree of internationalisation increases in general.
Diaspora networks impact, for example, opportunity development, investments,
business dynamics and learning. Inter- and intra-cultural networking for
opportunities remain unexplored. The purpose is to review literature, carry out
various empirical research projects and thus improve our understanding and
contribute to theory development and IB practice. The underlying research
question is: How can we learn from diaspora and improve international business
networking and entrepreneurship, and how can diaspora networks be used
more efficiently for opportunity exploration and exploitation? The project has
received funding from University of Turku and The Foundation of Economic
Education.
Inquiry-based Learning in IB
This research collaboration between Lena Zander from Uppsala University,
Sweden, Audra Mockaitis, Monash University, Australia and Peter Zettinig from
TSE concerns the development of new approaches to teaching international
business within diverse classroom settings. At the core of these approaches are
inquiry methods which are used, for instance, in medical training and in order to
develop experiential learning in complex settings, such as in global virtual
teams.

31
Industry Standard and Collective Internationalisation – The Development of a
Data Solution Platform in the Car Parts Business
This project investigates the international dimension of the development of data
platforms in the car parts business. The study examines the dynamics of
industry standards and dominant design from the perspectives of innovation
and internationalisation. The purpose is to illustrate how this landscape of data-
related technology is becoming a key element in the overall internationalisation
and development of the sector. As data solution platforms highly impact the
competitiveness of the respective actors, the analysis of the solution forms is
vital for the understanding of the value creation logic of the sector. The
internationality is a challenge for the solutions and their management due to its
complexity and multifaceted nature. The collectiveness in this
internationalisation process presents rather unique instrumental characteristics.
This qualitative embedded case study attempts to provide a holistic view to the
development stage and role of the platforms. It contributes to the discussion on
internationalisation, innovation, service and data platforms. More information on
the project can be obtained from Maria Elo.
Industry Transformations: Identifying Factors in Co-Evolving Architectures in
Bio-Refinery Clusters
This project has been launched with funding from the J&A Wihuri Foundation
and is part of the ‘Innovative Regions of Europe’ programme of the Academy of
Finland. In collaboration with Umeå University, this project investigates the
interactive and reciprocal changes of industry architectures in bio-refinery
clusters. Changes in the extra-institutional environment, especially related to
calls for diversifying alternative energy sources and scientific advances, have
led to opportunities for established industries to completely redefine their future
prospects. The main objective is to document and learn what kinds of dynamic
capabilities a cluster, as an organisation of independent firms, may need to
develop, if it is to succeed in industries where the traditional model of the
integrated firm can only achieve sub-optimal results, and where innovation is
generated by being open to new entrepreneurial initiatives. Additional
information can be obtained from the project leaders, Peter Zettinig and
Zsuzsanna Vincze. The first publication from this project has been published
2012 in the Competitiveness Review: An international Journal.

32
Longitudinal Research in International Business (LRIB)
Mélanie Hassett and Eriikka Paavilainen-Mäntymäki head the project on
longitudinal research in the IB discipline. The project started in 2005, and it
examines the use of longitudinal research in the IB research context. Thus far,
the researchers have developed a typology of longitudinal research in IB,
analysed the significance of time in the longitudinal research approach and
addressed longitudinal research topics within the IB tradition. They have also
presented research papers on these topics at numerous international
conferences. Together they have edited a book with the working title “Handbook
of Longitudinal Research Methods: Studying Organisations”, which will be
published by Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. in 2013. They are also working on a
number of journal articles.
Mixed Methods in International Business Research
This research project started as a co-operative venture initiated by two
researchers from the Department of Marketing, Prof. Leila Hurmerinta and Prof.
Niina Nummela. The aim is to increase our understanding of the use and
potential of mixed research strategies in international business research. Some
of the findings have already been published as two book chapters and as
an article in a special issue of Management International Review. Second
phase of data collection has started and analysis is on-going.
Organisation and the Management of Global Virtual Teams
This cooperative research programme is managed by
Peter Zettinig as well as colleagues at Monash
University, Australia, Uppsala University, Sweden, the
Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand and
Aalto University, Finland. It strives to learn about how
different phenomena are related to organisation,
management, leadership and cross-cultural questions.
They are commonplace issues for Global Virtual
Teams, a rather new and rapidly growing form of organising, especially for
internationally dispersed projects. The results of this on-going research project

33
will provide managers with better insights for showing how such organisations
can be run efficiently and effectively. Some results of this research project have
been published in 2012, for instance in the International Journal of Cross-
Cultural Management.
Radical Innovation as a Way of Life
Being able to successfully ideate, create and launch various radical innovations
is a task which few individuals are able to accomplish. This research project
concentrates on analysing the characteristics of these entrepreneurial
innovators and the business systems they actively create for carrying out
innovative activities. The business systems we refer to are strategic,
organisational, and managerial, as well as the network resources and
recombinations which innovative individuals are able to transfer from one
innovation activity to the next. The project is a co-operative effort between Peter
Zettinig and Birgitta Sandberg.
Role of Networks in the Commercialisation of Really New Products
Commercialising really new products requires coping with considerable market
uncertainty. This study analyses how a network can be utilised in this difficult
task. The study contemplates issue-based networks that are formed in order to
resolve the innovation process. In particular, attention is paid to the role of non-
profit organisations in the commercialisation process. The project is a co-
operative venture between Birgitta Sandberg and Leena Aarikka-Stenroos
(Marketing).
The Role of Strategic Decision making in the Growth of Born Global
Rapidly internationalising firms have aroused the interest of researchers
worldwide, and research on these companies has been increasing. Surprisingly,
the focus of earlier studies has been on the initiation and first years of these
companies, and scholars have paid less attention to their later performance.
And yet, small, open economies – such as Finland, Ireland and Israel – are very
dependent on their success and sustainable competitiveness. In order to fulfil

34
this gap, an international research group was established in 2011, based in the
three countries mentioned. In Finland, the partners come from the Turku School
of Economics and Lappeenranta University of Technology (contact person at
TSE is Niina Nummela). The aim of the group is to dig deeper into the growth of
rapidly internationalising firms, and the companies selected from the study are
being analysed from a process perspective.

SmartComp – Smart competitiveness for the Central Baltic region
SmartComp is a Central Baltic INTERREG IV A Programme 2007–2013
financed project, which aims to support smart and environmentally sustainable
development, growth, competition and cooperation between maritime clusters,
cities and universities in the Central Baltic region, i.e. Estonia, Finland, Latvia
and Sweden. SmartComp project aims to unite the maritime clusters of the
region and to strengthen existing networks as well as to create new ones in
order to improve competitiveness of the sector and to create sustainable growth
possibilities for the sector through triple helix cooperation.

During the project the current situation of the maritime cluster and its future in
the Central Baltic region will be analyzed on sectoral, corporate and regional
level. The project creates an understanding of the opportunities and challenges
faced by the cluster, and based on that, draws future scenarios about the
development of the Central Baltic maritime cluster. This creates the basis for
further research, training and consultation, as well as for branding and policy
development.
TSENET – Turku Service Network
Turku Service Network (TSENET) is a research group headed by Professor
Aino Halinen-Kaila, Department of Marketing, comprising people with an
interest in service-network research. The group brings together experienced
researchers and doctoral students from several disciplines, which will facilitate
interdisciplinary contributions. The contact person at IB is Valtteri Kaartemo.

35
Value Creation in International Growth (VCIG)
This research project aims at understanding value creation in international
growth from the viewpoint of cross-border acquisitions and joint ventures. The
aim can be further divided into the following sub-questions:

1. How can value creation be measured/assessed in acquisitions and joint
ventures?
2. What is the role of internal factors in the value creation?
3. What is the role of external factors in the value creation?

The research questions are approached with four sub-projects. The sub-
projects focus on (1) effective control strategies and conflict management, (2)
trust, (3) culture and cultural integration, and (4) managerial capabilities in value
creation. The research team consists of researchers from the Turku School of
Economics/University of Turku and the University of Vaasa. The project has
received funding from the Academy of Finland for years 2011-2016. Contact
person at the Turku School of Economics Niina Nummela and Melanie Hasset.

Dissertations in progress
In addition to the research projects listed above, there
are a number of doctoral projects within International
Business.

Ahen, Frederick The strategic corporate responsibility orientation
of pharmaceutical firms in transitioning
economies: An institutional perspective
Bitsch, Marion Investigating effects and measuring effectiveness
of public finance on internationalisation
processes of small and medium-sized
enterprises
Cao, Qing Intellectual property management for SMEs
doing cross-border collaborations in China
Degbey, William Customer retention in cross-border acquisitions

36
Eriksson, Taina Dynamic Capability – Value net management in
international technology-based SMEs
Fuerst, Sascha Entrepreneurial internationalisation: A process
perspective
Kaartemo, Valtteri The Emergence of a Service Ecosystem in the
Context of an International Social Media Start-up
Karhu, Anna Retail internationalization process and the
influence of institutions
Ketolainen, Mari Developing capabilities for internationalization in
knowledge-intensive SMEs
Laaksonen, Eini Overcoming challenges of Finnish project
exports in the Murmansk region
Leinovaara-Matomäki, Anne Export of Education
Haavisto, Piia Discussion forums as a source for product
innovation in international business
Nieminen, Jorma Emergence of spatial knowledge intensive
industry clusters
Pelto, Elina The effect of foreign entry on local businesses in
a transition economy – Case: Fazer Bakeries in
Russia.
Raitis, Johanna In becoming one: A cross-disciplinary view on
engaging employees and multinational
organizations
Rilla, Nina Internationalisation of innovation activities –
Interrelatedness of innovation and
internationalisation processes in Finnish SMEs
Sasaki, Innan Secret for the Long Term Sustainability of
Shinise Companies

Participation in conferences, seminars and workshops
13. Kölner Aftersales Forum, Cologne, Germany, June 19, 2012

37
25th annual EBEN conference, Barcelona, Spain, September 19-22

38th EIBA (European International Business Academy) Annual Conference,
Brighton, UK, December 2012

38th EIBA (European International Business Academy) Conference, Brighton,
UK. December 7-9, 2012

38
th
European International Business Academy (EIBA) Annual Conference,
Brighton, UK, December 7-9, 2012

39th AIB-UK (Academy of International Business, UK & Ireland Chapter)
Conference, Liverpool, UK, March 29-31, 2012

39th AIB-UKI (Academy of International Business, UK & Ireland chapter)
Conference, Liverpool, UK, March 31, 2012

3rd International Symposium on Cross Sector Social Interactions, May 24-25,
2012 Rotterdam

Academy of Japanese Business Studies. Washington, US, June 28, 2012

Aktion Plagiarius, Aktionstag Geistiges Eigentum, Solingen, Germany, June 23,
2012

AMA SERVSIG International Service Research Conference, Helsinki, Finland,
June 7-9, 2012

Annual ‘Teams Network’ Meeting in Sigtuna, Sweden, in November 2012

Baltic Ports Conference, 6-7 September, 2012, Turku, Finland

Baltic Sea Forum, 7-8 June, 2012, Turku, Finland

Cooperation or Competition in the Baltic Sea Region? PISM–KAS Conference
and Presentation of the Political State of the Region Report. 28 March, 2012,
The Polish Institute of International Affairs, Warsaw, Poland

38
EGOS pre-conference workshop on ‘Work organization, employment and
regulation in the retail industry’, Helsinki, Finland, July, 3, 2012

EU¬Russia Innovation Forum & European Business & Innovation Centre
Network Congress, Lappeenranta, Finland, 13-¬15 June 2012

European Group for Organizational Studies (EGOS) 2012, Helsinki

FIGSIB (The Finnish Graduate School of International Business) Tutorial,
Lappeenranta, Finland, November, 5-6, 2012

FIGSIB Doctoral Tutorial. Lappeenranta, Finland. November 5, 2012

Finnish Retail Research Day 2012, Turku, Finland, April, 12, 2012

Future Reception II – Meriklusterin tutkimusseminaari, 16.8.2012, Helsinki,
Finland

International conference “Evolution of International System of Trade: Prospects
and Challenges”, Faculty of Economics, St. Petersburg State University,
Russia, 11-12 October 2012

Riga Conference 2012 (Latvian Transatlantic organization), 14-15 September
2012

The 25
th
Anniversary Seminar of Pan-European Institute “The Baltic Sea Region
2025”. Turku School of Economics, University of Turku. 25 October 2012

XIII April International Academic Conference on Economic and Social
Development, Moscow, Russia, April, 3-5, 2012

39
PUBLICATIONS
Articles in refereed journals and books or book chapters
Aarikka-Stenroos, Leena & Sandberg, Birgitta (2012) Creating and establishing
networks for the commercialization of innovations. In: Innovation in Healthy and
Functional Foods. Ed. Dilip Ghosh, Shantanu Das, Debasis Bagchi, and R.B.
Smarta. CRC-Press/Taylor & Francis Group.

Aarikka-Stenroos, Leena & Sandberg, Birgitta (2012) From new-product
development to commercialization through networks. Journal of Business
Research, Vol.65, No.2, 198-206.

Aarikka-Stenroos, Leena & Sandberg, Birgitta (2012) Miten verkostoja voi
hyödyntää innovaatioiden kaupallistamisessa? Liiketaloudellinen aikakauskirja
[The Finnish Journal of Business Economics], Iss. 3/4, 68-90.

Ahen, Frederick - Zettinig, Peter (2012) Institutional and Market forces: The
dominant logic of strategic CR, and innovative value co-creation. In: Maria
Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez and Liam Leonard (Eds.), International Business,
Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility. Emerald Eco-politics
Publications.

Ahen, Frederick (2012) Network-based relationship marketing of
pharmaceutical products in Ghana: a case study. In: Tesar, G. and Kuada, J.
(Eds.), Marketing Management and Strategy: An African Casebook. Routledge
New York.

Ahen, Frederick. (2012) Second best institutions and global sustainability. In: S.
Harris, O. Kuivalainen and V. Stoyanova (Eds.), International Business: New
challenges, new forms, new practices, Palgrave MacMillan Publications, 41-58.

40
Candelin-Palmqvist, Hanni, Sandberg, Birgitta & Mylly, Ulla-Maija (2012)
Intellectual property rights in innovation management research: A review,
Technovation, Vol.32, No. 9-10, 502-512.

Hassett, Mélanie (2012) Organizational commitment in acquisitions. In:
Advances in Mergers and Acquisitions, (eds.) Cary L. Cooper and Sydney
Finkelstein, Volume 10, pp. 19-38. Emerald Group Publishing Limited: Bingley,
UK.

Laaksonen, Eini (2012) How to succeed in international project marketing? –
Identifying challenges of Finnish projects in the Murmansk region. In: Politics of
Development in the Barents Region. Ed. Monica Tennberg. Rovaniemi: Lapin
yliopistokustannus, 158–179.

Mäkinen, Hanna (2012) The innovative process in the Baltic Sea region. Baltic
Region 3 (13) 2012. Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Press.

Mockaitis, Audra I. – Rose, Elizabeth, L. – Zettinig, P (2012) The power of
individual cultural values in global virtual teams. International Journal of Cross-
Cultural Management, 12(2), 193-210.

Nummela, Niina - Saarenketo, Sami (2012) Switching operation mode – A
strategic approach. In: International business – New challenges, new forms,
new perspectives, eds. Simon Harris, Olli Kuivalainen & Veselina Stoyanova,
Palgrave Macmillan: Houndmills, 125-136.

Zettinig, Peter – Vincze, Zsuzsanna (2012) How clusters evolve.
Competitiveness Review: An International Journal, 22(2), 110-132.

Conference papers
Ahen, Frederick (2012) Homo economicus-moralis contra Plasmodium
falciparum: An inquiry into the global anti-counterfeiting CSSPs in anti-malarial
drug markets. Manuscript presented at the 3rd International Symposium on
Cross Sector Social Interactions, 24-25 May 2012, Erasmus University-
Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

41
Ahen, Frederick (2012) Multinational Pharmaceutical Firms: The Problem of
Transition in the Transitioning Economies. The Aalborg conference on
Revisiting Internationalization: Dynamics, Diversity and Sustainability. 31 May-2
June, 2012, Aalborg, Denmark.

Berdyshev, Petr – Zettinig, Peter (2012) Internationalisation explained as
community building effort: moving beyond netoworks. European International
Business Academy Annual Conference, Brighton, UK.

Degbey, William – Pelto, Elina (2012) A typology for analysing network change
in M&As. Proceedings of the 38th EIBA Annual Conference, Brighton, UK,
December 7-9, 2012.

Degbey, William (2012) Customer retention in cross-border acquisitions:
methodological concerns, Australian and New Zealand Academy of
Management 2012 Year End Workshop, Edith Cowan University, Perth,
Australia, 3rd-4th December.

Degbey, William Y. & Saee, John (2012) Organisational change and Power in
Cross-border M&As: A critical sensemaking perspective. Proceedings of 26th
Annual Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management Conference,
Perth, Australia, 5th-7th December.

Degbey, William Y. (2012) Customer retention: A source of value for serial
acquirers. Proceedings of Academy of International Business-Southeast (AIB-
SE) USA Chapter Conference, Florida, USA, 31st October –2nd November.

Elo, Maria (2012) How to become Industry Standard? The international
development of a data solution platform in car parts business, Proceedings of
the 38
th
EIBA Annual Conference, 7-9 December, Brighton

Elo, Maria (2012) Remanufacturing and international trade-strategic implications
in the automotive aftermarket, Proceedings of the 38
th
EIBA Annual
Conference, 7-9 December, Brighton

Fuerst, Sascha – Zettinig, Peter (2012) The dynamic of knowledge creation
through network partners within the international new venture: An effectuation

42
approach. 15th McGill International Entrepreneurship Conference, University of
Pavia.

Kaartemo, Valtteri – Mäntymäki, Matti (2012) Influence of Social Context on
Value Co-Creation, In: Jacob Mickelsson and Anu Helkkula (Eds.) Proceedings
from the AMA SERVSIG International Service Research Conference, Helsinki,
Finland, June 7-9, 2012.

Laasonen, Salla – Fougère, Martin – Kourula, Arno (2012) NGO-business
dialogue: Between partners or adversaries? 3rd International Symposium on
Cross Sector Social Interactions, May 24-25, 2012 Rotterdam. In conference
proceedings.

Nummela, Niina – Hassett, Melanie (2012) Unlocking path dependence in
cross-border acquisitions - A case study of the critical events breaking the path.
Proceedings of the 28th EGOS Colloquium, Helsinki, Finland, 5.7.-7.7.2012.

Nummela, Niina - Saarenketo, Sami (2012) Beautiful exit – how to withdraw
after rapid internationalisation? Proceedings of the 39th AIB UK Conference,
Liverpool,29-31 March, 2012.

Nummela, Niina - Saarenketo, Sami - Jokela, Päivi - Loane, Sharon (2012)
Strategic decision-making of a born global. A comparative study from three
small open economies Proceedings of the 38th Annual EIBA Conference,
December 7-9, Brighton, UK.

Nummela, Niina - Saarenketo, Sami - Loane, Sharon (2012) Dynamics of
failure in rapidly internationalizing firms. Finnish and Irish software firms in focus
Proceedings of the 15th McGill International Entrepreneurship Conference,
September 21-23, Pavia, Italy

Raitis, Johanna (2012) Playing it fair in Latin America: Employees’ fairness
perceptions in a multinational corporation. Proceedings of the 25th Annual
EBEN conference, Barcelona, Spain, September 19-22.

Sasaki, Innan (2012) Going beyond national cultures – Matching cultural
change in multi-level. Proceedings of the 38
th
EIBA Annual Conference.
Brighton, UK. December 7-9, 2012.

43

Sasaki, Innan (2012) Secret for the longevity in Japanese Shinise Companies -
Organizational Culture Approach. Proceedings of the Academy of International
Business, UK & Ireland Chapter Conference. Liverpool, UK, March 31, 2012

Stenberg, Esa (2012) Sustainable water management: the role of the private
sector. European International Business Academy (EIBA) 38th Annual
Conference – Brighton, UK, December 7-9th 2012. International Business and
Sustainable Development.

Vincze, Zsuzsanna – Zettinig, Peter (2012) Cluster dynamics and the MNE’s
role in cluster development. Annual Conference, Brighton, UK.

Vincze, Zsuzsanna – Zettinig, Peter (2012) Constellation of cluster firms and
effects on cluster development: The influence of managerial and entrepreneurial
behaviour. Aalborg University Conference: Revisiting Internationalisation:
Dynamics, Diversity and Sustainability. Aalborg, Denmark

Zettinig, Peter – Zander, Udo – Zander, Lena, Mockaitis, Audra (2012) A world
of learning: A future base on European foundations. SNEE Conference , Mölle
Sweden.

Articles in economic periodicals, business reviews and newspapers
Laaksonen, Eini (2012) Introduction to SmartComp – Smart Competitiveness
for the Central Baltic region. Baltic Rim Economies 5/2012. Pan-European
Institute, Turku School of Economics, University of Turku.

Liuhto, Kari (2012) Kaasua, komissaari Oettinger (More gas, Comissioner
Oettinger), Turun Sanomat 22.11.2012

Liuhto, Kari (2012) Latviasta lainattua (Borrowed from Latvia), Turun Sanomat
27.10.2012

Liuhto, Kari (2012) The revolution of gas locistics in the Baltic Sea region ?,
Baltic Rim Economies 4/2012. Pan-European Institute, Turku School of
Economics, University of Turku.

44

Liuhto, Kari (2012) Russia after Putin ? Baltic Rim Economies 4/2012. Pan-
European Institute, Turku School of Economics, University of Turku.

Liuhto, Kari (2012) Nallekarhujen ja Siperian karhun keskellä (Between teddy
bears and the Siberian bear), Turun Sanomat 21.9.2012.

Liuhto, Kari (2012) Itämeren alue tuotava amerikkalaisten ja kiinalaisten
tietoisuuteen (The Baltic Sea region must be brought to the consciousness of
the Americans and the Chinese), Turun Sanomat 20.8.2012.

Liuhto, Kari (2012) One thousand and one articles on the Baltic Rim
Economies, Baltic Rim Economies 2/2012. Pan-European Institute, Turku
School of Economics, University of Turku.

Liuhto, Kari (2012) Eurooppa-päivästä koko Euroopan voitonpäivä (The Europe
Day to be the victory day of all Europe), Turun Sanomat 9.5.2012.

Liuhto, Kari (2012) Venäjä hakee tulevaa suuntaansa lähikuukausina (Russia is
seeking its future direction in the coming months), Turun Sanomat 2. 2.2012.

Other publications
Andrésen, Annemari – Laaksonen, Eini – Mäkinen, Hanna (2012) The Finnish
maritime cluster. In: Maritime cluster analysis on the Central Baltic region, eds.
Eini Laaksonen and Hanna Mäkinen. SmartComp Research Report No 1.

Liuhto, Kari (2012) A liquefied natural gas terminal boom in the Baltic Sea
region?, Electronic Publications of the Pan-European Institute 5/2012. Pan-
European Institute, Turku School of Economics, University of Turku.

Liuhto, Kari (2012) Venäjän valtarakenteiden tulevaisuus (The future of the
power structure of Russia), Turvallisuustieteellinen Yhdistys, Vuosikirja VIII
(2012), Milita Turku.

Liuhto, Kari – Mäkinen, Hanna (2012) Good practices of energy saving in
Finland. Energy Security Forum Vol. 3 (6). Energy Security Center under the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania.

45

Mäkinen, Hanna Sofia (2012) Burning Energy and Environmental Issues in the
Baltic Sea Region. In: Rising tide for cooperation? Nordic-Baltic Relations in the
21st Century. Ed. by Kati Lepojärvi. Nordic Forum for Security Policy.

Mäkinen, Hanna (ed.) (2012) Selected articles on modernisation and innovation
in Russia. Electronic Publications of Pan-European Institute, 4/2012. Pan-
European Institute, Turku School of Economics, University of Turku.

46
OTHER ACTIVITIES
International collaboration
In addition to numerous academic research projects that involve international
co-operation, the faculty members of International Business were involved in
other types of international collaboration during
2012. These include an education development
project in Russia as well as international teacher
and researcher visits. The international
collaboration activities are briefly described
below.

EuroFaculty Pskov project entered phase II

The aim of the project is to develop university education in Business Economics
at the Pskov State University (PSU) in Russia in order to comply with the
standards set by the Bologna Process. The project’s activities include
developing a curriculum together with the partner universities, teacher training
and co-teaching, teacher exchange, English training and the developing of
information services.
The project is financed by the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS). Turku
School of Economics leads a consortium consisting of Turku University,
Roskilde University, Trondheim Business School, State University of Finance
and Economics (FINEC) in St Petersburg, Stockholm School of Economics,
University of Latvia, Tartu University and the Pskov State University. University
Research Fellow Peter Zettinig is chairing the working group on International
Master Degree Program Development and coordinates Staff Development at
PSU. The Business and Innovation Development (BID) Unit at the University of
Turku administers and coordinates the overall project under the guidance of the
foreign Ministry of Sweden, who is the lead country of this CBSS project.
(PETER)

International teacher and researcher visits
During the year 2012, Johanna Raitis spent a five month period in the University
of Desarollo in Santiago Chile as a visiting researcher. Other visiting researcher

47
are Innan Sasaki in the University of Malaga Spain and Mélanie Hasset in
Manchester Business School in United Kingdom.
In addition, several faculty members have visited foreign countries for various
conferences, data collection, research projects, expert visits and other research
or teaching purposes. For instance, Maria Elo did an 11-day field trip to
Uzbekistan for the Diaspora Net project and visited Prof. Riddle, Diaspora
Research Program, at George Washington University in the USA. Peter Zettinig
made a research visit to Sigtuna, Sweden, in November, and several project
visits to e.g. Roskilde University in Copenhagen, Stockholm School of
Economics in St Petersburg, University of Latvia in Riga, and Pskov State
University in Russia. In addition he has been visiting professor in the MiBA
Masters degree program, a cooperation between the University of Hamburg and
The State University of Finance and Economics in St Petersburg. Niina
Nummela also visited several Universities such as Johannes Kepler University
in Linz Austria.
The international collaboration of the IB faculty members can also been seen
in the number of international visitors to the Turku School of Economics. In
2012, the department had the pleasure of hosting, for example, the following
international visitors:

? George Varlamov, Pskov State University, Russia
? Igor Kalinic, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
? Michel Poté, ESSCA, Angers, France
? Mike Geppert, University of Surrey, UK
? Nicole Coviello, Wilfried Laurier University, Canada
? Nikolay Dobronbravin, St. Petersburg State University, Russia
? Olga Bakumenko, Pskov State University, Russia
? Peter Thirkell, Victoria University of Wellington, NZ
? Poul Wolffsen, Roskilde University Copenhagen, Denmark
? Roar Kvam, Trondheim Business School, Norway
? Rob van Tulder, Erasmus University Rotterdam
? Rosalina Torres Ortega, Universidad Autonoma Barcelona
? Sari Mattila, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
? Sascha Fuerst, EAFIT, Medellin, Columbia
? Tiia Vissak, University of Tartu, Estonia
? Urmas Varblane, University of Tartu, Estonia

48
Administration
The members of the International Business programme actively participated in
the administration of the University. Our administrative activities included
several positions within various boards, committees
and working groups at both the Turku School of
Economics and the University of Turku in 2012. For
instance Niina Nummela was a member of the Board
of Turku School of Economics and also the Vice-Head
of the Department of Marketing and International
Business. Taina Eriksson was a member of the
Council for Academic Research and Education (TuJa)
of the Turku School of Economics, and the quality
committee of the University of Turku Graduate School
until June 2012. Elina Pelto was a member of the
Planning Committee for the Teaching of Business
Competence Studies. Birgitta Sandberg was a member of the Working
Committee for the Pedagogical Studies and a deputy member of the Committee
for the University Pedagogy while Eriikka Paavilainen-Mäntymäki participated in
the course and curriculum development of the International Business faculty.

Professional and community relations
Close relations with the community ensure that our research and teaching
respond to the current needs and requirements of society. Consequently, our
faculty members are active in various fields. The following illustrates their wide
range of activities.
Frederick Ahen
Occasional reviewer for International Business Review, (IBR), Business Ethics
Quarterly, (BEQ) the AIB Conference, and the EIBA Annual Conference.
Maria Elo
Occasional reviewer for the African Journal of Marketing Management (AJMM),
EIBA Annual Conference, and IMP Conference/Journal

49
Member activities in ICDP Research Institute and Expert Board of CPS/Finn-cic
Salla Laasonen
Occasional reviewer for Journal of Business Ethics
Member of the steering group for the Studies on Sustainable development at
the University of Turku.
Kari Liuhto
A vice-chairman of board of directors, The Finnish Centre for Russian and East
European Studies (The Aleksanteri Institute), University of Helsinki

Director of the Centrum Balticum- foundation

Member, The Royal Society of Arts – Baltic Sea Region (since 2012)

Member of the Editorial Board for the following journals: Journal of East-West
Business, Journal for East European Management Studies, and Journal of
Business Economics and Management

Member of the Editorial Council for the Baltic Region

Member of the Scientific Council for the Review of International Comparative
Management

Occasional reviewer for several international journals including e.g. European
Journal of International Management, Journal of International Business
Studies, Journal of World Business, Journal of Business Research,
Transnational Corporations - United Nations, Journal of Macromarketing,
Demokratizatsya, International Marketing Review, and The Finnish Review of
East European Studies, Review of International Affairs, Fennia: International
journal of geography, EBS Review, Acta Societatis Martensis, Columbia FDI
Profiles, (University of Columbia)

Occasional book reviewer for Europe-Asia Studies

50
Niina Nummela
The country representative from Finland to the Board of European International
Business Academy (EIBA) for the years 2011-2013

Member of the editorial board, European Management Journal.

Occasional reviewer for several international journals including e.g. the
International Business Studies, International Business Review, Management
International Review, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Journal of
Small Business Management, and International Marketing Review
Eriikka Paavilainen-Mäntymäki
Reviewer for the International Marketing Review and for the European
Management Journal
Elina Pelto
Union steward and a deputy member of board of the University of Turku
Researchers, Teachers and Lecturers (TURTLE)
Editor-in-chief of Tieteentekijä – the University of Turku Researchers, Teachers
and Lecturers’ (TURTLE) e-magazine
Representative of the University of Turku at the general meeting of the Finnish
Union of University Researchers and Teachers (FUURT)
Esa Stenberg
TSE Representative for the Finnish-Japanese Institute
Peter Zettinig
Occasional Reviewer for several journals including, Journal of International
Business Studies, European Management Journal, Management International
Review and Thunderbird International Business Review.

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