Description
Operations management programs typically include instruction in principles of general management, manufacturing and production systems, plant management, equipment maintenance management, production control, industrial labor relations and skilled trades supervision, strategic manufacturing policy, systems analysis, productivity analysis and cost control, and materials planning
Operations Management (MBA) The Theory of Operations Management (SSE)
•Many a little makes a mickle •?????????
*Lectures presented by Sumika Arima
([email protected], [email protected])
*includes special lectures etc. *Course Info.: URL: http://infoshako.sk.tsukuba.ac.jp/~l01cg302/
Lec.1 Introduction to operations management and SCM
•Lec1_1: Common introduction to Operations management •Lec1_2: Basic/traditional method of operations management •Lec1_3: My Recent Interests and introduction to SCM
Confirmation ?Lecture documents and homework (Lec1, 12/14/2007)
? Lecture documents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lecture handout (this document) Textbook copy: “Designing & Managing the Supply Chain” Section.9: “Coordinated Product and Supply Chain Design” OR????? vol.48 no.12, 2003-12, pp.886-891 (SCM??????? ????) OR????? vol50. no9, 2005-9, pp.616-628 ???????????? ????????? ???????? “Synchronous Manufacturing” , Encyclopedia of Production and Manufacturing Management, Kluwer Academic Pub.
?
Homework (by the end of December except #1) 1. Report: “How to manage your DREAM” (in the end of this year as the first) 2. Report (mini): Make summary table of production type 3. Reading: OR????? vol50. no9, 2005-9, pp.616-628 ???? ????????????????? 4. Reading: OR????? vol.48 no.12, 2003-12, pp.886-891 (SCM??
?????????)
5.
Quiz : transportation cost.
Course Schedule = Lec1_2 Details =
1.
–
• • •
OPM???????????????????
Project Management
Gantt Chart PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) CPM (Critical Path Method)
–
•
Resource Management
Linear Programming
–
•
Cost Analysis
Crossover Chart Analysis
– – –
Break Even Analysis TOC (Theory of Constraints) for PM and RM ????OPM??????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
2.
?????????OPM????????????????????? ?????
Skip
About MBA and MOT
The purpose of MBA & Operation Management 1 (for Univ.)
• • • MOT (Management of Technology):
– Starts in the MOT program of MIT business school – Purpose : “Management to maximize the cost effectiveness in enterprise value chain”
1990s global competition growth due to MOT. MOT
– ????/Technology Management: ???????????????????????????/Technology innovation, New productout, world-wide R&D management
– ???????????/Operation(s) Management: ????????????????????????/ Production management system, SCM, Management System Design, Decision-making, (Global) Project management – ????/Information Management: ??????????????????????IT?????/IT strategy & Implementation, Knowledge management, Intelligent Property (IP) right,
•
??????????/Literacy education for current and next generation
– IT???????? ?????(?????)/ IT coordinator standard and education in Japan, (particularly for Asia) supported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. – Special semi.! IT coordinator seminar presented by Top business person in a big enterprise
•
Remember you live in and will fight in such a world, you may know.
??MBA?Operation Management (??)
• OLIN business school
– International Operations Management
• ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????
– Advanced Operations Strategy (for executive)
• Operation????????????????Order-winning Criteria????????????????? ???????????Customization????????????????????Human?General or Specialized??Form?Centralized or Decentralized??Process?Mass Production or Customization??? ??????????????????????????????????? • ???????????????Operation??????????????Operation?Focused Operations?Vertical Integration?Acquisition Strategies?Global Operating Networks?Outsourcing? Real Options & Operations Strategy?Mass Customization?Disruptive Technologies???????? ??Topic????????????????????????Operations Strategy???????? ???General Manager???????????????????????????????
• •
??????? QSO 600 Production and Operations Management (3 credits) (back to top) This is a study of the concepts of production and operations and of a variety of methods and techniques used in their management. Prerequisite: QSO 510 or permission of the department chair. Background preparation: 6 credit hours in economics.
Operations Management (Japan)
• ???MOT - Operations Management
– – – – – – – – –
•
Univ. of Tuskuba? Tsukuba
blue: the same item,
????????????????????????? ?2? ?????????????? ?2? ????????????????????????? ?? ?2? J?E ????????????????????????? ?? ?2? ??????????????????? ?2? ???????????? ?2? J?E ?????????? ?2? ??????????? ?2? ??????????????????? ?2? J?E
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
????????????????????????? ?2? ?????????????? ?2??? ??????????????????????????? ?2? J?E ?????????????????????????? ? ?2? ??????????????????? ?2? ???????????? ?2? J?E ?????????? ?2? (?) ??????????? ?2? ??????????????????? ?2? J?E CRM&PRM, Enterprise Resource/Human management, Intelligence Property (IP) and Knowledge Management (KM) (Material Procurement: Web-EDI and VMI)
• ???? ????????????
??????????????????????? ????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ?? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????????????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????
red: additional item
+
• ???? ?????????????
??????????????????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??IT?????? ?????????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???5-10????????????????????????????. ?????????????????????????????????
The purpose of MBA & Operation Management (for you)
• Remember that you will be a “BUSINESS LEADER” • Business leader will
– Totally & globally thinking in any time
• Manage for all (all for one, one for all. Long/short terms) • Manage (treat) to be better or to reach ideal for business.
– Present the thinking – Do NOT afraid to decide (Do best only. Nobody tell that the decision’s right in changeable and continuous life) – Earth conscious & Advanced knowledge for humanity
You will Manage: • Complex and/or Huge system
– With manufacture unreasonable things – With human who have consciousness
• New development
– (Only) How to think and Experiences is only what help you.
• MBA (Master of Business Administration)
Final exam. (report)
Operations Management and You
• ?????????????????
e.g. MBA course ??????? Strategic Management Business Strategy >>> ????????? QMS >>>???? Decision, Risk Managerial Economics Cash flow OPM CRM Marketing Statistics Finance Accounting Quality Management
Introduction of Operations Management
Lec1_1
Introduction exercise Principles of Operations Management
Introductory Message
Various operations in our society The way of operations management is also various We should put the purpose of the management as the first
– find and analyze the critical issues – As-Is and To-Be gap analysis
For the purpose, a better way of operations management will be able to be built Motto/target in our class
Operations management by both qualitative and quantitative approach
Introduction exercise
First of all, let’s learn how to manage your dream. Make and brash-up your plan to realize your dream.
– Use Object-Based thinking (OBT) , MindMap, and Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), etc. – Learn/Search and use the theory to manage your brainstorming
Reasonable?
– Does the theory fit to manage your target? Why you choose it? – What is the limitation of the theory? Find especial case you cannot describe your target.
What for? How to? What-if?
Introduction exercise (>>Homework1)
How to manage your DREAM (OBT use)
– 1,5,10,20????????????/Think your dream for the periods of next 1,5,10,20 years. – ??????????/List up your dream for ????????/human relationship, ????/career, ??/travel, ??/income, etc. – ?????????1,2???????????????????????/Describe why you hope that the dream comes true. Write down the reason in one or two sentences. Cross out the dream If you cannot describe the reason. – ???,???,??????????????????? (????????1, 5, 10, 20 years)/How long will you take to realize the dream? Consider the best and worst case for mean period. (Select the mean from 1, 5, 10, 20 years) – ???????/Write down barrier&difficulty of the dream. – ???????????1,5,10,20???/Prioritize the dream (for every period) – ??????????????????/Why you have to realize the dream? Write down – ???????????????????????/What will you do to realize the dream? Write down as the conclusion of your project X plan.
?????????????/Pain in case you cannot realize the dream ???????????/Pleasure in case you can realize the dream
Introduction exercise (>>Homework2)
Learn from “Project-X”:
– Observations: Most of famous hero interested in something and have an ambition, start to plan and action their dream in young age.
How to realize your dream (WBS use)
– 1,5,10,20?????????/You thought your dream for the periods of next 1,5,10,20 years. – ???(1??)??????????Project X?????/Breakdown to realize one of your dream project-X (e.g. what of 1 year will be easiest). – ????????As-Is, ???To-be????????????????? ???????????????????????Time line??????? ???????????????????/Plan required time, resources, and money etc. for to-be future. Pick up one of your dreams and describe the way to realize it.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
– ???????MBA??????????????????????????? – http://www.atmarkit.co.jp/channel/pm/pm.html
1.
start to plan and act to realize the dream. And never give up to achieve the dream.” “Reconstruct the dream itself sometimes if that is needed”.
I(Sumika Arima) love the TV program “Project-X” and find the condition to become a hero. that is “Have a dream in young ages and Remember: The purpose of management
Meaning of the introduction exercise - Manage your Dream -
2.
– –
Why you manage something? You have a purpose/target to manage. “Operations Management” will be effective when you understand some answers for “Why the management is needed?”
3.
– – –
You are the only in the world. Consider a college, work, private life for yourself. Why you learn “Operations Management”?
You want to graduate the master course and get degree. But, only for that? Relationship between your dream and this course? Continue to consider your place and purpose even if you do not have the answer right now.
4.
• •
Everyone is also the only one. Respect yourself and others (coworkers) . Be fine every day and Shine as the human:
• To advanced knowledge for humanity
5.
This humanity is an important leader’s specification. It becomes easier for you to make a good situation to corporate with others if you understand other’s dream and life.
Plan (by yourself)?
–
Introduction exercise (Homework)
Can you really satisfy the deadline? If I do not think reasonable, reasonable, that will make penalty in case. Task & Time management (deadline??????????) Risk management (??????time buffer????) Can you realize the dream check it in the following view Resource management Cost management Note: Scope change: Please change the period of the project or change change the level of dream (with reason) if you think you cannot realize it in time frame Report volume: Description of your dreams, reasons, ifif-condition, etc in a page. A plan in a few pages (you can extend).
–
–
Review (by your classmate/friends/parents/someone) and Revise (by yourself):
– – –
Before you conclude your homework, your plan have to be reviewed by two or more classmate (or others) and revised. If you have some consideration to choose your reviewers, reviewers, describe it as well. Write the reviewer’s name and comments overview that you considered useful and effective effective to revise. Use technique you have learned in MBA (OPM&Others ) course or you find/found in a chance. (OPM&Others)
Deadline: Dec. 21th(Fri.) without accident, Please let me know if you have some problem. Do not forget to finish. Do not miss the chance to get a big credit easily.
– E-mail to Sumika Arima([email protected]), Mail Subject: MBA:OPM:Homework1: MBA:OPM:Homework1:YourName
Evaluation (in your winter vacation and New year)
–
–
Project????????????/You can get point from your class mates. ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????Assume that you are project manager of yourself and also reviewer reviewer the dream project of the others. Check success, reasonableness. Note that the measures of success for a project manager are very simple: just complete your projects within budget on time, while keeping your happy. Evaluation will be next homework for the winter vacation. Factors to get point: reasonableness for goal, time schedule, cost, cost, thank for the contribution from others
For Introduction exercise (Keys)
Plan: Motivate you? Reasonable? Realizable?
– – –
Task & Time management (deadline??????????) Risk management (??????time buffer????)
Do not limit/hide your ability. Smaller dream does not make fun. Can you really satisfy the deadline? If I do not think reasonable, reasonable, that will make penalty in case. Can you realize the dream? Check it in the following view
Resource management Cost management Note: Scope change: Please change the period of the project or change change the level of dream (with reason) if you think you cannot realize it in time frame Surroundings? World? Constraints? and how will you overcome it?
Review (by your classmate/friends/parents/someone) :
– – – –
Understand other’s dream and the plan. Please talk until you understand well. Plus a world view, various aspects. Describe agreement & Disagreement and their reasons. Discuss techniques to use. Describe why the technique is used in your report.
Revise (by yourself)
– –
Use graphical effects for observers understanding. Review more twice by yourself.
Evaluation (in your winter vacation and New year)
–
Project????????????/You can get point from your class mates.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??Assume that you are project manager of yourself and also reviewer reviewer the dream project of the others. Check success, reasonableness. Note that the measures of success for a project manager are very simple: just complete your projects within budget on time, while keeping your happy. Every observer has 100 points for one report. Description of the dream: Dreams for every term? Reasons? IfIf-conditions for good and bad cases? Plan: Reasonableness for the goal, the time schedule, and the cost. cost. Consideration for surroundings and the world to synchronize/care. The way to overcome constraints, thank for the the contribution from others, messages.
–
Evaluation will be next homework for the winter vacation.
How to plan&manage your Dream project
?????????????????Homework?????????
Project management:
– – – Gantt chart???????????? PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) ?task?????????? CPM (Critical Path Method)?
Resource Management Cost Analysis
– – Linear Programming Crossover Chart Analysis
–
Project Management
Break Even Analysis TOC (Theory of Constraints)
????????????????????????????????????????/????????????? ?????????? ????OPM??????????????? ?
– – – – – – ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
??1???????????????????? WBS, Fishbone Diagram ??
WBS – ????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????? – ?????????????????? ???????? P.39(WBS), – ?????????(???)???? Note:????????????? Fishbone/Cause and Effect
– ?????????????????? ? ?????????????????
P.26(Fishbone) ????????????????? -UML??????????????????????????????????????Pearson Education Japan?,
??2???????????????Logic tree
Logic tree – ??????????????????? ???? ?????????, ????????????????? ?, etc. – ?????? MECE?????????? ?????????????
*MECE: Mutually Exclusive Collectively Exhaustive ???????????
P.94
– ??????
???????????MESE?? ????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????
???????????????????????, ?????????????,, P.82-99
P.92
??2???????????????Logic tree
P.97 P.96 ??????? ??Logic tree???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????(???????????????)
???????????????????????, ?????????????, P.82-99
??3???????????????MindMap
??Tony Buzan?????????????? ?? ????????????????????? ?????Buzan??????????????? ???
– – – – – – ?????????????Topic??????? ?????????? ???Topic????>> ?????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????
P.64
?????????
–
??????????????????MindMap ????>>?
???????
– – – – ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????? MindMap??????????????? ??????????????????MindMap? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????? P.123
???????????? -????????????, ??????????????????????
Introduction Exercise (Sample)
Case of Sumika Arima, Dream list& self-introduction
Age
-5 5-10 10-18 Plays(dramas), Poems Like algorithm, Love VLSI What am I? Why am I? marketing and management/ Time is limited
Favorite/ consider
Books, Hero stories
Good at
Dream
Five ranger (Pink)
Then
Drawings Play, Scenario write, Math, chemistry Computer architecture. Algorithms No sleep, 20 hours work Marketing&sales, project team management
Fashion Designer Own play theater, Doctor, druggist Consultant Consider how to make big money Not much experiences E-Japan, standard e-manufacturing Start dream project, error prediction& recovery system, Automation, e-manufacturing,
18-22
22-27
22-24: patent 25:e-manufacturing! Open system for MFG Virtual factory, e-manufacturing! Open system for MFG Wearable ULSI, Friendship & health Save the earth
27-30
Introduction Exercise (Sample)
Sumika Arima as a researcher
2000: Internship. Have a dream, Big constraints to start a project •Not enough infrastructure for long term. No standard •No strong/wide connections 2000-2003: 1st step is cleared (get doctor degree. One responsibility) 2002-2003: 2nd step is cleared (get a position in 3rd party company) 2003-2005: 3rd step is constructed (get STD movement, carrier, connections) 2004-2005: 4th step is cleared (get a researcher position in a science city) 2005: 5th step is cleared with helps (start a project to achieve the dream) 2005-2010: 6th step Live with the dream. (Act to realize the dream. Detail is the top secret!)
Plan and Do: Case of 5, 10 years dream of Sumika Arima Standard of integrated automation system of data collection, analysis, and real-time manufacturing process controls for LOVELY semiconductor products.
Surroundings/World
(Nation, Semiconductor) 2000-2005: e-Japan project was going Japanese semiconductor manufacturing became a dinosaur. 2002-: 300mm wafer manufacturing Micro/Nano-scale processes >>necessary of the automated controls -2005: e-manufacturing standard is prepared >> Possible to collect data in standard form/protocol. i.e. not only one specific company but the world can be our market. -2010: Nano-scale process control difficulty >> Must use the process data analyses based control
BTW, above description is NOT good to easy to see, isn’t it? DON’T do like that in your dream project documents!
Introduction Exercise (Sample)
Case of Sumika Arima
– Doctor course program >>??? ?????
Work Plan???????
– ?????????????? – ??????????????????????????? – ???Work Plan???Gantt chart???
– My career plan in a company age >>See ???????.ppt ?????
?????????????
– ????????
????????
– ??????? – ???????????????????????????????
Introduction of Operations Management
•Introduction exercise •Principles of Operations Management
Course Schedule (Operations Management 2007)
(Term:3, Period: Fri. 5&6 (15:15-16:30&16:45-18:00@8A108)
1.
– –
OPM???????????????????/Basic OPM methods ???(Lec1-2 12/14/2007(Fri))
Project Management?Resource Management?Cost Analysis?Break Even Analysis, TOC OR History in Japan*
1.
??????????????????????????*
Enterprise Operation modules and their chain managements
???(Lec1-1 12/14/2007(Fri))
2. –
????????????????????????? Supply Chain management (SCM). &EMS, Closed-Loop SCM,SI* ???(Lec2 12/21/2007(Fri))
– Material procurement management. (&VMI*) ???(Lec5 1/25/2008(Fri) – Customer Relationship Management (CRM). &CRM*&PRM ???(Lec6 02/01/2008(Fri)) – Research and Development management. &DFM* ???(Lec7 02/08/2008(Fri)) – Company resource management. &KM* ???(Lec8 02/15/2008(Fri)) – More integrated operation chain management. ???(LecX) – ???????OPM??/Revolution of OPM (case study&Group work) ???(LecX) ??????????????????????????????????
2. 3.
International SCM, case studies, environmental scope ???(Lec3,4 01/09-11/2008(Wed-Fri)) Strategic engineering chain management 02/08/2008(Fri) or 02/15/2008(Fri)
??????????? • 1/18/2008 ??????????????2/22/2008 ???????????????)
What is the Management Science? and Engineering?
•
–
• • • • •
?????????????????F.W.Taylor, ??, 1903?
????
????????????
– – – – – – – ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
???????? ???????? ???????? ????
?????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????
???????????????????????????????????????????????? 2.????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4.??????????????????????????????????
•
•
????? ?????????? • ??????????? (rule-of-thumb)???????? ?19????20???????? • ??????????????? ?????????????? • ????????????????? ??????? • ???????????????????????? ?21???????????? • ??????????????????????????? ?????????????? • ??????? ??????????????? – 1??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? – ???4???Agree??????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?? – ?????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? – ??????????????????????? ?IT????????? • ??????? • ???????????SCM???????21???????????????????????????
?????????????????
References??????, ?????, ??????, p.204
Business Model in Present and Future
•
– –
??????/Learning Organization
???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???
“The difference between Winner and Looser is that the winner knows how to improve works and the looser does not” (Hammer and Champy, 1993) Strategy in action is the way into a strategic process, it is the way in to understand the strategic outcomes - how an organization gets to what it is and where it is. They suggest that it is the way of identifying the basic assumptions and beliefs which underpin the choices people make in organizations - the organizations paradigm. (Moncrieff and Smallwood,1997)
•
???2?????/ 2 scenarios of future organization (Laubacher et al. 1997-, MIT
Sloan School of Management )
1. 2.
?????????????????/Autonomic and distributive small agents and their communication >>??????????????????? ?????????????????/A few of Huge global organization (Like socialism) ????? >>??????????????????????????? ?1?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????!? ??????????????(2005/11/8)? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????2?????????????????????????? ??????????????60????????????7?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????1999?4?5?? ?????F?????????
•
– –
?????????????/ How the world is changing to?
Key: Total solution, concurrent (resource-) chain management, speed and reliability
Business Leader in Present and Future
• Balance the Corporation and Competition among the organizations/persons • Care the public policy and the earth – Risk: Keep the Law, Compliance. (Note: not absolute truth) – Nature: Save the earth • Care the most serious things – Live or Die of organization/person (effect of the risk) • Consider total effects and strategic corporation – Nobody can live alone and independent of the world. • Care the position, to do, possibility/impossibility with constraints. • IT, MOT, Information science application • Concurrent management in organization or between organizations based onvisualization
Introduction Case Study: Action!
• ???????????????
– POINT
????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
– CASE?????????
• Action: ??????????A?
– ??? POINT? >>See Scenario continued
????????????
Place of Enterprise Operations • ??????(????, ????,???????)
Vision Competitive Strategy
Vision, Strategy????MBA? ??????????????? ? ????????????????. ?????? ??????????????
?
???????????
Operation
?
?????????
Quiz.?????????? ??????????????? ???????(2points)
Background and Movement: •???????????????????????????????
•before 1980s: ?????????????????????? >> •1980s-1990s: ???????????????????? >> •2000- : ???????????? ??????????????????????????? ?IT??????????????????? ?Operations Management???? *????????????????H/W????????????
????????????
Circumstance of Operations Management
Vision
• ???????????
– ??????????>>> MBA???????????? – ?????>>> MBA????????????????????? Competitive • ???????????????E.?????? Strategy ???????????????(discrimination)???(concentration) ?????IT???? Operation – ?????????? Intel????,Samsung??????? • ??????????????? ??,Texas Instruments ??? ?????????????????????! • ?Operations Management can be defined as the design, operation, and continued improvement of the system that creates and delivers a firm’s products and services ?(Chase et al. 2001) ??? ???????????????????????????(Continuous 1.????????? Improvement (CI))??? ??????????
?????
• ?????????
2.????????? ??????????
– IT????????????????????????? – Know-how??????????????????????????? – Logic and Happen???????????????????????????
????????????
Circumstance of Operations Management
– ??????????
• ??????????????? ?????????????????????!
Oh, really? Why so? So what?
– Why so? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? – So what? ?????????????????/Big market for consultants, IT • ?Operations Management can be defined as the design, operation, and continued improvement of the system that creates and delivers a firm’s products and services ?(Chase et al. 2001) • ???????????????????????????????????? – ??? ??????(Quarity)????????(Delivery)????????????(Cost)?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
– ?????????????TOYOTA??
• ????? ????????????????????????????????????? Work management: Possible plan, less Loss, More valuable works, Visualization for all • JIT (Just-In-Time, Kanban) >> Lean Manufacturing
•
????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???[??]????????????????????“kanban”??????????????????????? – ???????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? – ???????U??????????????????????????? etc. ???
??????????????
Measures of Operation Quality
• 4??????
– – – – ???? ??? Cost ??? e.g. Samsung e.g. Intel e.g. (Samsung) e.g. TOYOTA, ???? ?????????????????
?????????Cost??????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????
?????????? Fault Tolerant????????? ??? ? Six sigma?? ????????10?????2km????????????v.s.Cost&?? ?????????????????????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.18
?????????????????
Measures of Values in Management
• • ????????? ??????????????? ?????????
– – – – ??????? ???????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????????????
•
????????????????????????????????
– ????
• ???????????
– ?????? ???? ? ???? – ?????????????????????????????????? ????/measures and action for a natural calamity (Case study:SANYO????????)?Compliance ???????????/Compensation for industrial accident?????????
• ????????
– ??????????????? – ?????????????????????????? ??????? – Business Process Reengineering (BPR), ????????, ??????(Case Study: TQC> Six Sigma)
– ????
• ??????????????????? • ????????????????????????
?????????(Value)??? ????????????????? -UML??????????????????????????????????????Pearson Education Japan?, P.2-3
?????????????????
Measures of Value
– ?????? ???? ? ???? – ???????? • ???????? – ??????????????? >>See ???????? ? – ?????????????????????????? ??????? – Business Process Reengineering (BPR), ????????, – ??????(Case Study: TQC-Six Sigma)
P.38
????????????????? -UML??????????????????????????????????????Pearson Education Japan?,
P.27
????????????????
Risk in management
• • ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????
– ????
?????? ???? ? ???? ???????????????????? ?????????????? Case study: SANYO???????? ???? ???? 423???????310?? • •
?????????? •??, •?????, •????????, •IT, etc. ???????????? ????????????????
????? •?????????? •????????????? •?????????
?????????? 2005?11?? ??
????????????????
Reliability Design in Risk management
• ??????????
– –
–
??? ?????
???(Reliability)??????????? • ???tandem)???????(parallel)???????>> • ????????????????????
R1
R2 R1 R2 R3
R3
R1*R2*R3
•
?????(Reliability Design)
1. 2. 3. ??????(parallel design)
1-(1-R1)*(1-R2)*(1-R3)
??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
?????????(fail-safe design)/??????????(fault-tolerant?????)?
?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????Web????NLB
?????????(fool-proof design)???????????????
•
• • • • •
????????(Measures in Reliability engineering)
???(Reliability), ???(maintainability), ???(Availability), ???(failure rate) ????(mean life time)?MTBF/MTTF(Mean Time Between Failure(or To Failure)), ????(useful time, longevity)?????????????????? ???/??????(Up/Down time): ???????????/???????? Down time=MTTR (Mean Time to Repair) +?
–
???????(Risk-based design): ???????????
????????,????,????????, pp61-62
????????????????????
Types and Measures of Reliability Engineering
• ???????? • ???(Reliability), ???(maintainability), ?? ?(Availability), ???(failure rate), ??? (Serviceability), etc. (Computer N/W??RASIS(+ ???(Integrity),???(Security)) ?5?????) ??????? • ???????(t)<<??????F(t)????? • ??????R(t)=1-F(t) (R(0)=1, R(?)=0????? ? • ???????????? • ????(initial/early failure), • ?????(chance/random failure), • ?????(wear-out failure) ??????????-????????? • ????: ??????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?? • ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? • ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??
•
•
P.148
????????,????,????????, pp147-148
??????????????????
• ???????????????????????? ????????????? >>???????? ???????2?? • ???????????????????????? – Strategic(??,???????), Tactical??? ??1?,??????, and Operational???,? ????? Levels • ??????????????????????? ?? – ??????????????????????
?????????????
*??????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? •?????? •?????????? •???????? ?????????? ??????????? [???????] • ????: •?????? • ???????: •?????? •????? •OA???
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P11
???Quiz.???????????????????????????????? ?????
*???????????? ???????????
?????????????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.12
• •
???????????????????????????????????????????) ???????????????(Capability)?????????:Capability Based Strategy
– – ???????????????????????????????and ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
• • ?????????????????????????? ?????????????
– – – – ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ?????
??????????????? ???????????
?????????????????? •???? •?? •??
Introduction Case Study: Action!
• ??????????????????????? – POINT
??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????PDCA(Plan-Do-CheckAction)??????????????????????????????????????? ??KPI?Key Performance Inductor?????????????????????????? ??????????
??? ?????????????????????????????
?????????????????????EA?Enterprise Architecture?????????????? ????? EA??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???4??????????? ????IT?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????2007?7? ??SOX?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
– CASE??TOYOTA?????
• Action: ??????? • ?????????????????
– ???????
• ???????????????????????
– Six-sigma??? – ??? EA????????????????????????????2004?11???
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.14
????????????????
• • ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ????NO?
– ???????????????????????????????60-85????? – ??????????????????????????????? >See????????????????
•
???????????????????????????
– ??????????????????????????????????? >>?????????????????????????
•
??????????????????????????6?????
– – – – ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????OP????????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????
•
??????????????????????????????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.16
??????????????
Measures of Operation Quality
• 4??????
?????????Cost??????????? ?????????????????????? – ???? e.g. Samsung ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????? – ??? e.g. Intel – Cost e.g. (Samsung) ????????????????????
– ???
e.g. TOYOTA, ???? ?????????????????
?????????? Fault Tolerant????????? ??? ? Six sigma, ????????5?????2km????????????v.s.Cost&?? ???????????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.18
?????????????
• ?????????Cost?????????????
– E.g.
• ??????????????????????/ Low reliability for high speed • ??????????????????????????/Low speed and/or reliability for Low cost • ??????????????????????????/Low speed or high cost for high reliability
• Reliability?QCD(Quality, Cost, Delivery)???????? ????????????????????????????? ????? ??????????? • ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??
??????????????
Measures of Operation Quality
1. ????? ????????????????
– Motivation? ?????????????1???2????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????
– –
Keys: ??????????? ?????????????? Example???????
– – ???????????????????????????>> 104?????????>>??h???$2-300/3???$440/2?????2.2?? ?????????????0????????????????????OP?????????>>??11??????7??????? ???????????????????????????0??”here or to go?”????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
•
•
Samsung
– ????????????????????????????????????????????????? – ?????????????????? ??????????1?????????????y??????????????????
2.
??????????????????
– – Motivation? ??????????????????????1?????? Keys: ???????????? ????????????????????????????Fault Tolerant?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????
• Note: ????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• Note:?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
–
???
• ????????????????????????????>>??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.18-21
??????????????
Measures of Operation Quality
3. Cost?
– – – Motivation??????????????????????????????????????? ????????? Keys????????????? 1. ????????????????????????2. ????????????????????????????? Example??????????????????
• • ??????????????????????????????????? SCM?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????
4.
????
– – Motivation: ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? Keys: ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? Example?EA?Enterprise Architecture?>>??????
–
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.18-21
?????????????????
Measures of Operation Quality
????????????????????? ??????????????????? ????
p.22
•
KPI?Key Performance Inductors?
?? – – – – ????????????????? ???? ??????????????? ????????????????? ????
p.23
•
KPI?????? ????????
– – ????? ???
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.21-23
???????????????????
Enterprise Architecture of Operational Excellence
???????????????????????????????????????? 1. ???????????????
PDCA(Plan-Do-Check-Action)?????????????????????????? Plan: ??????????????????????? Do? ????????????????? Check? ??????????????????? ????KPI????????? Action? ??
P.25
2.
????????????????????
(??????????????????????????????) ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? >>See?????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
–
IT????????IT?????????????????
(??????????????????????????????) ??????Excellence?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????IT??????????? ??????????????????????????
cut
p.26
OutSource, Alliance
1.
???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????4????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Example?EA?Enterprise Architecture?>>?????? ??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????
•
???????????????????
Enterprise Architecture of Operational Excellence
•
– –
????????(MAIC, COPQ, CTQ) >>??????
Concept: ????????99.9997%?????????????????? ????i.e.1,000,000??3????????????? ?COPQ?cost of poor quality????????????????????? ?????????CTQ?critical to quality????????????????? ????????2?????????????????????????? ????????MAIC??Measurement?Analysis?Improvement?Control? ??????????? ??????????????????????
• • 2????*???????????????????*?????????????? ????????10??????4??????20?????140????????? ??? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????[??], P.29 Globis Management Institute???????????
–
•
– –
EA?Enterprise Architecture?>>??????
?”EA?????????????????”,????????2004?11??, P.52-70 ???, ???SOX????2005/12/1?????
– –
?????????????????????EA?Enterprise Architecture? ?????????????????? Concept? EA??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????4??????????? ????IT????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????2007?7? ??SOX???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????? 2005?12?1??????????SOX??2008??3???????? ???????2007?4???????????????????????? >>????
???????????2004?11??, P.55
????????? ???????????????
•?????????? •????????????
Introduction Case Study: Action!
• ?????????????????
– POINT
??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????CRM,SCM, ?????????????????????5????????? ???????????????????????????IT??? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????IT,??2???????????????
– CASE????????
• Action: ??????????A? >>
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P34-36
?????????????? ???????
Lecture 6 Lecture 2,3,4 Lecture 3,4,5 Lecture 7
?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? Questions? ?????? ?????? ????
Lecture 8
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.37
??????? ?????
• ??????????????????????????????? • ??????????????????????????????????????
?????????????? ?????????????
• • ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????
– ????????? ????????? ??? – ????????? ?????? – ????????? ????????? ? – ????
• ???? • ?????
•
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.161
?????????????? [???????????IT]
?????????IT?????? ????? ???IT???????????? ??????????????? *????????? •Knowledge Management •Know-How???? •Operation???? •Operation???? •Operation?? •Web-base study (WBS) *IT???????? •IT???????????? •IT?????? •????????????? IT????????? •???????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, ???? P.vi
Course Schedule (Operations Management 2007)
(Term:3, Period: Fri. 5&6 (15:15-16:30&16:45-18:00@8A108)
1.
– –
OPM???????????????????/Basic OPM methods ???(Lec1-2 12/14/2007(Fri))
Project Management?Resource Management?Cost Analysis?Break Even Analysis, TOC OR History in Japan*
1.
??????????????????????????*
Enterprise Operation modules and their chain managements
???(Lec1-1 12/14/2007(Fri))
2. –
????????????????????????? Supply Chain management (SCM). &EMS, Closed-Loop SCM,SI* ???(Lec2 12/21/2007(Fri))
– Material procurement management. (&VMI*) ???(Lec5 1/25/2008(Fri) – Customer Relationship Management (CRM). &CRM*&PRM ???(Lec6 02/01/2008(Fri)) – Research and Development management. &DFM* ???(Lec7 02/08/2008(Fri)) – Company resource management. &KM* ???(Lec8 02/15/2008(Fri)) – More integrated operation chain management. ???(LecX) – ???????OPM??/Revolution of OPM (case study&Group work) ???(LecX) ??????????????????????????????????
2. 3.
International SCM, case studies, environmental scope ???(Lec3,4 01/09-11/2008(Wed-Fri)) Strategic engineering chain management 02/08/2008(Fri) or 02/15/2008(Fri)
??????????? • 1/18/2008 ??????????????2/22/2008 ???????????????)
Lec1_2: ???OP??????
1. OPM??????????????????? Project Management Gantt Chart PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) CPM (Critical Path Method) Resource Management Linear Programming Cost Analysis Crossover Chart Analysis Break Even Analysis
TOC (Theory of Constraints) ???????????????????SCM??????
2. ????OPM??????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????
OPM?????? Project Management
• • • • Gantt Chart PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) CPM (Critical Path Method) TOC (Theory of Constraints) ???????????? ???????SCM??????
•
???
– – ?????????????????????? ????PM????????????????????? ????????????
Gantt Chart
• • • ?????1900????, ????Henry Gantt ???????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ???????? >>See Actual business use:
–
• • •
•
•
•????????????? •????????????????? •??????????????
???????????????
Master schedule (Excel) Workload estimation (Excel) Workload by a person (MS project)
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
???(Gantt Chart &Scheduling)
• 2????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? • ??????????????????? ????????????????? ???????? Note:?????????????????
????????????????? ???????????????????
• • ??????????????? ??????????????
?? A B ?? M1 A1 B1 ?? M2 A2 B2
Ai,Bi?i=1,2?????????i,vi??
??????????????????? ????????
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.163-167
???(Gantt Chart &Scheduling) ?????
• • 2????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ????????
ANS. 1. ??????????????
Note:??????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????
• 1. ??????????????? ??????????????
?? A B ?? M1 A1 B1 ?? M2 A2 B2
1. A->B?????????? • T(A->B)=A1+max(B1,A2)+B2 2. A->B?????????? • T(A->B)=B1+max(A1,B2)+A2 ????????E(T(A->B)), E(T(A->B))?????? E(T(A->B))<E(T(A->B))??A->B???????B->A? ????????????
2. ??????????????
???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????1/??????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????1/(v1 + ?2)?1/(?1+v2)???????
1. 2. E[(max(B1,A2)]= 1/v1 + 1/?2 – 1/(v1 + ?2), E[(max(A1,B2)]= 1/?1+1/v2 – 1/(?1+v2)
2.
?????????????????? ??????????
Ai,Bi?i=1,2?????????i,vi?
??? 1/(v1 + ?2)>1/(?1+v2) i.e. ???A->B??? ????B->A???????????
????????????????????????????? ????????
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.163-167
PERT
(Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
?????1958??, ???? ????????(?????????????) ??????????????????(AOA)???? ????????????(??)??????? ????? ???????????????????3? ?????(??)?????? ????? [CPM]?????? [3?????] ??????????????????? ??????(??)??????t?????? a????????/the most optimistic time m???????/the most likely time b???????/the most pessimistic time ?t=(a+4m+b)/6, ?????=(b-a)/6 ?????????>>??????? 1 ?????? Be(a, b) = x a ?1 (1 ? x)b?1 ,0 < x < 1(a, b > 0) B ( a, b)
?1 B(a, b) = ?0 x a? 1 ? x)b?1 dx 1
?????????????????????????? ????????????????, P.178???
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998
???????????????????
(for Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
[3?????] ->?????? ??????????????????? ??????(??)??????t?????? a????????/the most optimistic time m???????/the most likely time b???????/the most pessimistic time ?t=(a+4m+b)/6, ?????=(b-a)/6 ?????????>>???????????
?????? Be(a,b) =
1 a?1 0 b?1
1 a?1 x (1? x)b?1,0 < x <1(a,b > 0) B(a,b)
B(a,b) = ? x ? 1? x) dx
????????, ?????l ????????,1996
?s ? ? 1 a x2 / 2 P= e dx = ? ( ? ), ? = ? ? 2? ??
[??????] ->??????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?Normal Distribution? ???????????? ?????????????s?????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????????
???????????, ?????, ????, 1997, P. 178
PERT???
(Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
??? [3?????]
??????????????????? ??????(??)??????t?????? a????????/the most optimistic time m???????/the most likely time b???????/the most pessimistic time ?t=(a+4m+b)/6, ?????=(b-a)/6?????????>>???????
Q1. ??A,B,C,D?????????????????????Te????? ?Te????
A ??????? ?????? ?????? 3 5 7 B 4 5 8 C 4 6 7 D 5 9 12
Q2. ????????????????????????N?Te, ?Te ????? ???????28???????????????????????
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.173
PERT??? ?????
(Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
??? [3?????] ??????????????????? ??????(??)??????t?????? a????????/the most optimistic time, m???????/the most likely time, b???????/the most pessimistic time ?t=(a+4m+b)/6, ?????=(b-a)/6?????????>>??????? Q1. ??A,B,C,D?????????????????????Te??????Te???? A B 4 5 8 C 4 6 7 D 5 9 12 ???? ????
ANS. ??A,B,C,D??????te1, ??????1????
3?????????te1=(3+4*5+7)/6=30/6=5, ?1=(7-3)/6=4/6.??? ????????????????? A 30/6 4/6 B 32/6 4/6 C 35/6 3/6 D 53/6 7/6
??????? ?????? ??????
3 5 7
????TE=?(i=1..4) tei =25, ?TE=sqrt(?(i=1..4) ?i)=1.58 Q2. ????????????????????????N?Te, ?Te ????????????28???????? ??????????????? AND. Q1?ANS???????????????25, 1.58^2???????????? ????????????0.03?????
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.173
PERT??????????????
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.175,176
CPM (Critical Path Method)
*?????1957? *???? ????&????????????? *???????????????????????like PERT?????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????
*???????????????????? *??? -???????: ??????????????? (earliest node time: earliest time to finish the task) -???????????????????????? (latest node time: latest time to start the task) -Critical Path (CP): ??????????? longest path of all paths *Probability of Project Completion: Z={(desired completion time)-(CP time)}/ (Standard Deviation of CP time)
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.170
Software of Project Management using Gantt Chart, PERT, CPM
• See Actual business use: – Project Master Plan (Excel) – Team PDC management (MS project) ???
(????????>>See)
•
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
Lec1_2: ???OP?????2
1. OPM???????????????????
Project Management
Gantt Chart PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) CPM (Critical Path Method),
Resource Management
Linear Programming
Cost Analysis
Crossover Chart Analysis
Break Even Analysis TOC (Theory of Constraints) ???????????????????SCM??????
2. ????OPM??????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
OPM?????? Resource Management
• Linear Programming
???????????(?)???? ????????
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
OPM???????? Decision using Cost Analysis
• Crossover Chart Analysis?????????1???
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
OPM???????? Break Even Analysis
??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
OPM???????? Break Even Analysis
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
???OPM??????
??????????????
•
–
?????
????????????????????????????? • ???????????????? >>???????????? • ????????: >>Lean manufacturing
•
????????
– OPM??????????????????????
• • ??????????????OPM???????? ????????????????
Concept of TOC
• • ??????? ???? (Theory of Constraints)? E. ???????? ??? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??? ???????????????
•
????
?
????????
?
????
<?
???? ???WIP
?????????????? ? Total ??
Output
?????????? ????????????
?
??????? Time
doc_283997694.pdf
Operations management programs typically include instruction in principles of general management, manufacturing and production systems, plant management, equipment maintenance management, production control, industrial labor relations and skilled trades supervision, strategic manufacturing policy, systems analysis, productivity analysis and cost control, and materials planning
Operations Management (MBA) The Theory of Operations Management (SSE)
•Many a little makes a mickle •?????????
*Lectures presented by Sumika Arima
([email protected], [email protected])
*includes special lectures etc. *Course Info.: URL: http://infoshako.sk.tsukuba.ac.jp/~l01cg302/
Lec.1 Introduction to operations management and SCM
•Lec1_1: Common introduction to Operations management •Lec1_2: Basic/traditional method of operations management •Lec1_3: My Recent Interests and introduction to SCM
Confirmation ?Lecture documents and homework (Lec1, 12/14/2007)
? Lecture documents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lecture handout (this document) Textbook copy: “Designing & Managing the Supply Chain” Section.9: “Coordinated Product and Supply Chain Design” OR????? vol.48 no.12, 2003-12, pp.886-891 (SCM??????? ????) OR????? vol50. no9, 2005-9, pp.616-628 ???????????? ????????? ???????? “Synchronous Manufacturing” , Encyclopedia of Production and Manufacturing Management, Kluwer Academic Pub.
?
Homework (by the end of December except #1) 1. Report: “How to manage your DREAM” (in the end of this year as the first) 2. Report (mini): Make summary table of production type 3. Reading: OR????? vol50. no9, 2005-9, pp.616-628 ???? ????????????????? 4. Reading: OR????? vol.48 no.12, 2003-12, pp.886-891 (SCM??
?????????)
5.
Quiz : transportation cost.
Course Schedule = Lec1_2 Details =
1.
–
• • •
OPM???????????????????
Project Management
Gantt Chart PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) CPM (Critical Path Method)
–
•
Resource Management
Linear Programming
–
•
Cost Analysis
Crossover Chart Analysis
– – –
Break Even Analysis TOC (Theory of Constraints) for PM and RM ????OPM??????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
2.
?????????OPM????????????????????? ?????
Skip
About MBA and MOT
The purpose of MBA & Operation Management 1 (for Univ.)
• • • MOT (Management of Technology):
– Starts in the MOT program of MIT business school – Purpose : “Management to maximize the cost effectiveness in enterprise value chain”
1990s global competition growth due to MOT. MOT
– ????/Technology Management: ???????????????????????????/Technology innovation, New productout, world-wide R&D management
– ???????????/Operation(s) Management: ????????????????????????/ Production management system, SCM, Management System Design, Decision-making, (Global) Project management – ????/Information Management: ??????????????????????IT?????/IT strategy & Implementation, Knowledge management, Intelligent Property (IP) right,
•
??????????/Literacy education for current and next generation
– IT???????? ?????(?????)/ IT coordinator standard and education in Japan, (particularly for Asia) supported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. – Special semi.! IT coordinator seminar presented by Top business person in a big enterprise
•
Remember you live in and will fight in such a world, you may know.
??MBA?Operation Management (??)
• OLIN business school
– International Operations Management
• ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????
– Advanced Operations Strategy (for executive)
• Operation????????????????Order-winning Criteria????????????????? ???????????Customization????????????????????Human?General or Specialized??Form?Centralized or Decentralized??Process?Mass Production or Customization??? ??????????????????????????????????? • ???????????????Operation??????????????Operation?Focused Operations?Vertical Integration?Acquisition Strategies?Global Operating Networks?Outsourcing? Real Options & Operations Strategy?Mass Customization?Disruptive Technologies???????? ??Topic????????????????????????Operations Strategy???????? ???General Manager???????????????????????????????
• •
??????? QSO 600 Production and Operations Management (3 credits) (back to top) This is a study of the concepts of production and operations and of a variety of methods and techniques used in their management. Prerequisite: QSO 510 or permission of the department chair. Background preparation: 6 credit hours in economics.
Operations Management (Japan)
• ???MOT - Operations Management
– – – – – – – – –
•
Univ. of Tuskuba? Tsukuba
blue: the same item,
????????????????????????? ?2? ?????????????? ?2? ????????????????????????? ?? ?2? J?E ????????????????????????? ?? ?2? ??????????????????? ?2? ???????????? ?2? J?E ?????????? ?2? ??????????? ?2? ??????????????????? ?2? J?E
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
????????????????????????? ?2? ?????????????? ?2??? ??????????????????????????? ?2? J?E ?????????????????????????? ? ?2? ??????????????????? ?2? ???????????? ?2? J?E ?????????? ?2? (?) ??????????? ?2? ??????????????????? ?2? J?E CRM&PRM, Enterprise Resource/Human management, Intelligence Property (IP) and Knowledge Management (KM) (Material Procurement: Web-EDI and VMI)
• ???? ????????????
??????????????????????? ????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ?? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????????????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????
red: additional item
+
• ???? ?????????????
??????????????????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??IT?????? ?????????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???5-10????????????????????????????. ?????????????????????????????????
The purpose of MBA & Operation Management (for you)
• Remember that you will be a “BUSINESS LEADER” • Business leader will
– Totally & globally thinking in any time
• Manage for all (all for one, one for all. Long/short terms) • Manage (treat) to be better or to reach ideal for business.
– Present the thinking – Do NOT afraid to decide (Do best only. Nobody tell that the decision’s right in changeable and continuous life) – Earth conscious & Advanced knowledge for humanity
You will Manage: • Complex and/or Huge system
– With manufacture unreasonable things – With human who have consciousness
• New development
– (Only) How to think and Experiences is only what help you.
• MBA (Master of Business Administration)
Final exam. (report)
Operations Management and You
• ?????????????????
e.g. MBA course ??????? Strategic Management Business Strategy >>> ????????? QMS >>>???? Decision, Risk Managerial Economics Cash flow OPM CRM Marketing Statistics Finance Accounting Quality Management
Introduction of Operations Management
Lec1_1
Introduction exercise Principles of Operations Management
Introductory Message
Various operations in our society The way of operations management is also various We should put the purpose of the management as the first
– find and analyze the critical issues – As-Is and To-Be gap analysis
For the purpose, a better way of operations management will be able to be built Motto/target in our class
Operations management by both qualitative and quantitative approach
Introduction exercise
First of all, let’s learn how to manage your dream. Make and brash-up your plan to realize your dream.
– Use Object-Based thinking (OBT) , MindMap, and Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), etc. – Learn/Search and use the theory to manage your brainstorming
Reasonable?
– Does the theory fit to manage your target? Why you choose it? – What is the limitation of the theory? Find especial case you cannot describe your target.
What for? How to? What-if?
Introduction exercise (>>Homework1)
How to manage your DREAM (OBT use)
– 1,5,10,20????????????/Think your dream for the periods of next 1,5,10,20 years. – ??????????/List up your dream for ????????/human relationship, ????/career, ??/travel, ??/income, etc. – ?????????1,2???????????????????????/Describe why you hope that the dream comes true. Write down the reason in one or two sentences. Cross out the dream If you cannot describe the reason. – ???,???,??????????????????? (????????1, 5, 10, 20 years)/How long will you take to realize the dream? Consider the best and worst case for mean period. (Select the mean from 1, 5, 10, 20 years) – ???????/Write down barrier&difficulty of the dream. – ???????????1,5,10,20???/Prioritize the dream (for every period) – ??????????????????/Why you have to realize the dream? Write down – ???????????????????????/What will you do to realize the dream? Write down as the conclusion of your project X plan.
?????????????/Pain in case you cannot realize the dream ???????????/Pleasure in case you can realize the dream
Introduction exercise (>>Homework2)
Learn from “Project-X”:
– Observations: Most of famous hero interested in something and have an ambition, start to plan and action their dream in young age.
How to realize your dream (WBS use)
– 1,5,10,20?????????/You thought your dream for the periods of next 1,5,10,20 years. – ???(1??)??????????Project X?????/Breakdown to realize one of your dream project-X (e.g. what of 1 year will be easiest). – ????????As-Is, ???To-be????????????????? ???????????????????????Time line??????? ???????????????????/Plan required time, resources, and money etc. for to-be future. Pick up one of your dreams and describe the way to realize it.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
– ???????MBA??????????????????????????? – http://www.atmarkit.co.jp/channel/pm/pm.html
1.
start to plan and act to realize the dream. And never give up to achieve the dream.” “Reconstruct the dream itself sometimes if that is needed”.
I(Sumika Arima) love the TV program “Project-X” and find the condition to become a hero. that is “Have a dream in young ages and Remember: The purpose of management
Meaning of the introduction exercise - Manage your Dream -
2.
– –
Why you manage something? You have a purpose/target to manage. “Operations Management” will be effective when you understand some answers for “Why the management is needed?”
3.
– – –
You are the only in the world. Consider a college, work, private life for yourself. Why you learn “Operations Management”?
You want to graduate the master course and get degree. But, only for that? Relationship between your dream and this course? Continue to consider your place and purpose even if you do not have the answer right now.
4.
• •
Everyone is also the only one. Respect yourself and others (coworkers) . Be fine every day and Shine as the human:
• To advanced knowledge for humanity
5.
This humanity is an important leader’s specification. It becomes easier for you to make a good situation to corporate with others if you understand other’s dream and life.
Plan (by yourself)?
–
Introduction exercise (Homework)
Can you really satisfy the deadline? If I do not think reasonable, reasonable, that will make penalty in case. Task & Time management (deadline??????????) Risk management (??????time buffer????) Can you realize the dream check it in the following view Resource management Cost management Note: Scope change: Please change the period of the project or change change the level of dream (with reason) if you think you cannot realize it in time frame Report volume: Description of your dreams, reasons, ifif-condition, etc in a page. A plan in a few pages (you can extend).
–
–
Review (by your classmate/friends/parents/someone) and Revise (by yourself):
– – –
Before you conclude your homework, your plan have to be reviewed by two or more classmate (or others) and revised. If you have some consideration to choose your reviewers, reviewers, describe it as well. Write the reviewer’s name and comments overview that you considered useful and effective effective to revise. Use technique you have learned in MBA (OPM&Others ) course or you find/found in a chance. (OPM&Others)
Deadline: Dec. 21th(Fri.) without accident, Please let me know if you have some problem. Do not forget to finish. Do not miss the chance to get a big credit easily.
– E-mail to Sumika Arima([email protected]), Mail Subject: MBA:OPM:Homework1: MBA:OPM:Homework1:YourName
Evaluation (in your winter vacation and New year)
–
–
Project????????????/You can get point from your class mates. ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????Assume that you are project manager of yourself and also reviewer reviewer the dream project of the others. Check success, reasonableness. Note that the measures of success for a project manager are very simple: just complete your projects within budget on time, while keeping your happy. Evaluation will be next homework for the winter vacation. Factors to get point: reasonableness for goal, time schedule, cost, cost, thank for the contribution from others
For Introduction exercise (Keys)
Plan: Motivate you? Reasonable? Realizable?
– – –
Task & Time management (deadline??????????) Risk management (??????time buffer????)
Do not limit/hide your ability. Smaller dream does not make fun. Can you really satisfy the deadline? If I do not think reasonable, reasonable, that will make penalty in case. Can you realize the dream? Check it in the following view
Resource management Cost management Note: Scope change: Please change the period of the project or change change the level of dream (with reason) if you think you cannot realize it in time frame Surroundings? World? Constraints? and how will you overcome it?
Review (by your classmate/friends/parents/someone) :
– – – –
Understand other’s dream and the plan. Please talk until you understand well. Plus a world view, various aspects. Describe agreement & Disagreement and their reasons. Discuss techniques to use. Describe why the technique is used in your report.
Revise (by yourself)
– –
Use graphical effects for observers understanding. Review more twice by yourself.
Evaluation (in your winter vacation and New year)
–
Project????????????/You can get point from your class mates.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??Assume that you are project manager of yourself and also reviewer reviewer the dream project of the others. Check success, reasonableness. Note that the measures of success for a project manager are very simple: just complete your projects within budget on time, while keeping your happy. Every observer has 100 points for one report. Description of the dream: Dreams for every term? Reasons? IfIf-conditions for good and bad cases? Plan: Reasonableness for the goal, the time schedule, and the cost. cost. Consideration for surroundings and the world to synchronize/care. The way to overcome constraints, thank for the the contribution from others, messages.
–
Evaluation will be next homework for the winter vacation.
How to plan&manage your Dream project
?????????????????Homework?????????
Project management:
– – – Gantt chart???????????? PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) ?task?????????? CPM (Critical Path Method)?
Resource Management Cost Analysis
– – Linear Programming Crossover Chart Analysis
–
Project Management
Break Even Analysis TOC (Theory of Constraints)
????????????????????????????????????????/????????????? ?????????? ????OPM??????????????? ?
– – – – – – ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
??1???????????????????? WBS, Fishbone Diagram ??
WBS – ????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????? – ?????????????????? ???????? P.39(WBS), – ?????????(???)???? Note:????????????? Fishbone/Cause and Effect
– ?????????????????? ? ?????????????????
P.26(Fishbone) ????????????????? -UML??????????????????????????????????????Pearson Education Japan?,
??2???????????????Logic tree
Logic tree – ??????????????????? ???? ?????????, ????????????????? ?, etc. – ?????? MECE?????????? ?????????????
*MECE: Mutually Exclusive Collectively Exhaustive ???????????
P.94
– ??????
???????????MESE?? ????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????
???????????????????????, ?????????????,, P.82-99
P.92
??2???????????????Logic tree
P.97 P.96 ??????? ??Logic tree???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????(???????????????)
???????????????????????, ?????????????, P.82-99
??3???????????????MindMap
??Tony Buzan?????????????? ?? ????????????????????? ?????Buzan??????????????? ???
– – – – – – ?????????????Topic??????? ?????????? ???Topic????>> ?????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????
P.64
?????????
–
??????????????????MindMap ????>>?
???????
– – – – ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????? MindMap??????????????? ??????????????????MindMap? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????? P.123
???????????? -????????????, ??????????????????????
Introduction Exercise (Sample)
Case of Sumika Arima, Dream list& self-introduction
Age
-5 5-10 10-18 Plays(dramas), Poems Like algorithm, Love VLSI What am I? Why am I? marketing and management/ Time is limited
Favorite/ consider
Books, Hero stories
Good at
Dream
Five ranger (Pink)
Then
Drawings Play, Scenario write, Math, chemistry Computer architecture. Algorithms No sleep, 20 hours work Marketing&sales, project team management
Fashion Designer Own play theater, Doctor, druggist Consultant Consider how to make big money Not much experiences E-Japan, standard e-manufacturing Start dream project, error prediction& recovery system, Automation, e-manufacturing,
18-22
22-27
22-24: patent 25:e-manufacturing! Open system for MFG Virtual factory, e-manufacturing! Open system for MFG Wearable ULSI, Friendship & health Save the earth
27-30
Introduction Exercise (Sample)
Sumika Arima as a researcher
2000: Internship. Have a dream, Big constraints to start a project •Not enough infrastructure for long term. No standard •No strong/wide connections 2000-2003: 1st step is cleared (get doctor degree. One responsibility) 2002-2003: 2nd step is cleared (get a position in 3rd party company) 2003-2005: 3rd step is constructed (get STD movement, carrier, connections) 2004-2005: 4th step is cleared (get a researcher position in a science city) 2005: 5th step is cleared with helps (start a project to achieve the dream) 2005-2010: 6th step Live with the dream. (Act to realize the dream. Detail is the top secret!)
Plan and Do: Case of 5, 10 years dream of Sumika Arima Standard of integrated automation system of data collection, analysis, and real-time manufacturing process controls for LOVELY semiconductor products.
Surroundings/World
(Nation, Semiconductor) 2000-2005: e-Japan project was going Japanese semiconductor manufacturing became a dinosaur. 2002-: 300mm wafer manufacturing Micro/Nano-scale processes >>necessary of the automated controls -2005: e-manufacturing standard is prepared >> Possible to collect data in standard form/protocol. i.e. not only one specific company but the world can be our market. -2010: Nano-scale process control difficulty >> Must use the process data analyses based control
BTW, above description is NOT good to easy to see, isn’t it? DON’T do like that in your dream project documents!
Introduction Exercise (Sample)
Case of Sumika Arima
– Doctor course program >>??? ?????
Work Plan???????
– ?????????????? – ??????????????????????????? – ???Work Plan???Gantt chart???
– My career plan in a company age >>See ???????.ppt ?????
?????????????
– ????????
????????
– ??????? – ???????????????????????????????
Introduction of Operations Management
•Introduction exercise •Principles of Operations Management
Course Schedule (Operations Management 2007)
(Term:3, Period: Fri. 5&6 (15:15-16:30&16:45-18:00@8A108)
1.
– –
OPM???????????????????/Basic OPM methods ???(Lec1-2 12/14/2007(Fri))
Project Management?Resource Management?Cost Analysis?Break Even Analysis, TOC OR History in Japan*
1.
??????????????????????????*
Enterprise Operation modules and their chain managements
???(Lec1-1 12/14/2007(Fri))
2. –
????????????????????????? Supply Chain management (SCM). &EMS, Closed-Loop SCM,SI* ???(Lec2 12/21/2007(Fri))
– Material procurement management. (&VMI*) ???(Lec5 1/25/2008(Fri) – Customer Relationship Management (CRM). &CRM*&PRM ???(Lec6 02/01/2008(Fri)) – Research and Development management. &DFM* ???(Lec7 02/08/2008(Fri)) – Company resource management. &KM* ???(Lec8 02/15/2008(Fri)) – More integrated operation chain management. ???(LecX) – ???????OPM??/Revolution of OPM (case study&Group work) ???(LecX) ??????????????????????????????????
2. 3.
International SCM, case studies, environmental scope ???(Lec3,4 01/09-11/2008(Wed-Fri)) Strategic engineering chain management 02/08/2008(Fri) or 02/15/2008(Fri)
??????????? • 1/18/2008 ??????????????2/22/2008 ???????????????)
What is the Management Science? and Engineering?
•
–
• • • • •
?????????????????F.W.Taylor, ??, 1903?
????
????????????
– – – – – – – ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
???????? ???????? ???????? ????
?????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????
???????????????????????????????????????????????? 2.????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4.??????????????????????????????????
•
•
????? ?????????? • ??????????? (rule-of-thumb)???????? ?19????20???????? • ??????????????? ?????????????? • ????????????????? ??????? • ???????????????????????? ?21???????????? • ??????????????????????????? ?????????????? • ??????? ??????????????? – 1??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? – ???4???Agree??????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?? – ?????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? – ??????????????????????? ?IT????????? • ??????? • ???????????SCM???????21???????????????????????????
?????????????????
References??????, ?????, ??????, p.204
Business Model in Present and Future
•
– –
??????/Learning Organization
???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???
“The difference between Winner and Looser is that the winner knows how to improve works and the looser does not” (Hammer and Champy, 1993) Strategy in action is the way into a strategic process, it is the way in to understand the strategic outcomes - how an organization gets to what it is and where it is. They suggest that it is the way of identifying the basic assumptions and beliefs which underpin the choices people make in organizations - the organizations paradigm. (Moncrieff and Smallwood,1997)
•
???2?????/ 2 scenarios of future organization (Laubacher et al. 1997-, MIT
Sloan School of Management )
1. 2.
?????????????????/Autonomic and distributive small agents and their communication >>??????????????????? ?????????????????/A few of Huge global organization (Like socialism) ????? >>??????????????????????????? ?1?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????!? ??????????????(2005/11/8)? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????2?????????????????????????? ??????????????60????????????7?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????1999?4?5?? ?????F?????????
•
– –
?????????????/ How the world is changing to?
Key: Total solution, concurrent (resource-) chain management, speed and reliability
Business Leader in Present and Future
• Balance the Corporation and Competition among the organizations/persons • Care the public policy and the earth – Risk: Keep the Law, Compliance. (Note: not absolute truth) – Nature: Save the earth • Care the most serious things – Live or Die of organization/person (effect of the risk) • Consider total effects and strategic corporation – Nobody can live alone and independent of the world. • Care the position, to do, possibility/impossibility with constraints. • IT, MOT, Information science application • Concurrent management in organization or between organizations based onvisualization
Introduction Case Study: Action!
• ???????????????
– POINT
????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
– CASE?????????
• Action: ??????????A?
– ??? POINT? >>See Scenario continued
????????????
Place of Enterprise Operations • ??????(????, ????,???????)
Vision Competitive Strategy
Vision, Strategy????MBA? ??????????????? ? ????????????????. ?????? ??????????????
?
???????????
Operation
?
?????????
Quiz.?????????? ??????????????? ???????(2points)
Background and Movement: •???????????????????????????????
•before 1980s: ?????????????????????? >> •1980s-1990s: ???????????????????? >> •2000- : ???????????? ??????????????????????????? ?IT??????????????????? ?Operations Management???? *????????????????H/W????????????
????????????
Circumstance of Operations Management
Vision
• ???????????
– ??????????>>> MBA???????????? – ?????>>> MBA????????????????????? Competitive • ???????????????E.?????? Strategy ???????????????(discrimination)???(concentration) ?????IT???? Operation – ?????????? Intel????,Samsung??????? • ??????????????? ??,Texas Instruments ??? ?????????????????????! • ?Operations Management can be defined as the design, operation, and continued improvement of the system that creates and delivers a firm’s products and services ?(Chase et al. 2001) ??? ???????????????????????????(Continuous 1.????????? Improvement (CI))??? ??????????
?????
• ?????????
2.????????? ??????????
– IT????????????????????????? – Know-how??????????????????????????? – Logic and Happen???????????????????????????
????????????
Circumstance of Operations Management
– ??????????
• ??????????????? ?????????????????????!
Oh, really? Why so? So what?
– Why so? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? – So what? ?????????????????/Big market for consultants, IT • ?Operations Management can be defined as the design, operation, and continued improvement of the system that creates and delivers a firm’s products and services ?(Chase et al. 2001) • ???????????????????????????????????? – ??? ??????(Quarity)????????(Delivery)????????????(Cost)?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
– ?????????????TOYOTA??
• ????? ????????????????????????????????????? Work management: Possible plan, less Loss, More valuable works, Visualization for all • JIT (Just-In-Time, Kanban) >> Lean Manufacturing
•
????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???[??]????????????????????“kanban”??????????????????????? – ???????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? – ???????U??????????????????????????? etc. ???
??????????????
Measures of Operation Quality
• 4??????
– – – – ???? ??? Cost ??? e.g. Samsung e.g. Intel e.g. (Samsung) e.g. TOYOTA, ???? ?????????????????
?????????Cost??????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????
?????????? Fault Tolerant????????? ??? ? Six sigma?? ????????10?????2km????????????v.s.Cost&?? ?????????????????????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.18
?????????????????
Measures of Values in Management
• • ????????? ??????????????? ?????????
– – – – ??????? ???????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????????????
•
????????????????????????????????
– ????
• ???????????
– ?????? ???? ? ???? – ?????????????????????????????????? ????/measures and action for a natural calamity (Case study:SANYO????????)?Compliance ???????????/Compensation for industrial accident?????????
• ????????
– ??????????????? – ?????????????????????????? ??????? – Business Process Reengineering (BPR), ????????, ??????(Case Study: TQC> Six Sigma)
– ????
• ??????????????????? • ????????????????????????
?????????(Value)??? ????????????????? -UML??????????????????????????????????????Pearson Education Japan?, P.2-3
?????????????????
Measures of Value
– ?????? ???? ? ???? – ???????? • ???????? – ??????????????? >>See ???????? ? – ?????????????????????????? ??????? – Business Process Reengineering (BPR), ????????, – ??????(Case Study: TQC-Six Sigma)
P.38
????????????????? -UML??????????????????????????????????????Pearson Education Japan?,
P.27
????????????????
Risk in management
• • ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????
– ????
?????? ???? ? ???? ???????????????????? ?????????????? Case study: SANYO???????? ???? ???? 423???????310?? • •
?????????? •??, •?????, •????????, •IT, etc. ???????????? ????????????????
????? •?????????? •????????????? •?????????
?????????? 2005?11?? ??
????????????????
Reliability Design in Risk management
• ??????????
– –
–
??? ?????
???(Reliability)??????????? • ???tandem)???????(parallel)???????>> • ????????????????????
R1
R2 R1 R2 R3
R3
R1*R2*R3
•
?????(Reliability Design)
1. 2. 3. ??????(parallel design)
1-(1-R1)*(1-R2)*(1-R3)
??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
?????????(fail-safe design)/??????????(fault-tolerant?????)?
?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????Web????NLB
?????????(fool-proof design)???????????????
•
• • • • •
????????(Measures in Reliability engineering)
???(Reliability), ???(maintainability), ???(Availability), ???(failure rate) ????(mean life time)?MTBF/MTTF(Mean Time Between Failure(or To Failure)), ????(useful time, longevity)?????????????????? ???/??????(Up/Down time): ???????????/???????? Down time=MTTR (Mean Time to Repair) +?
–
???????(Risk-based design): ???????????
????????,????,????????, pp61-62
????????????????????
Types and Measures of Reliability Engineering
• ???????? • ???(Reliability), ???(maintainability), ?? ?(Availability), ???(failure rate), ??? (Serviceability), etc. (Computer N/W??RASIS(+ ???(Integrity),???(Security)) ?5?????) ??????? • ???????(t)<<??????F(t)????? • ??????R(t)=1-F(t) (R(0)=1, R(?)=0????? ? • ???????????? • ????(initial/early failure), • ?????(chance/random failure), • ?????(wear-out failure) ??????????-????????? • ????: ??????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?? • ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? • ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??
•
•
P.148
????????,????,????????, pp147-148
??????????????????
• ???????????????????????? ????????????? >>???????? ???????2?? • ???????????????????????? – Strategic(??,???????), Tactical??? ??1?,??????, and Operational???,? ????? Levels • ??????????????????????? ?? – ??????????????????????
?????????????
*??????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? •?????? •?????????? •???????? ?????????? ??????????? [???????] • ????: •?????? • ???????: •?????? •????? •OA???
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P11
???Quiz.???????????????????????????????? ?????
*???????????? ???????????
?????????????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.12
• •
???????????????????????????????????????????) ???????????????(Capability)?????????:Capability Based Strategy
– – ???????????????????????????????and ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
• • ?????????????????????????? ?????????????
– – – – ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ?????
??????????????? ???????????
?????????????????? •???? •?? •??
Introduction Case Study: Action!
• ??????????????????????? – POINT
??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????PDCA(Plan-Do-CheckAction)??????????????????????????????????????? ??KPI?Key Performance Inductor?????????????????????????? ??????????
??? ?????????????????????????????
?????????????????????EA?Enterprise Architecture?????????????? ????? EA??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???4??????????? ????IT?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????2007?7? ??SOX?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
– CASE??TOYOTA?????
• Action: ??????? • ?????????????????
– ???????
• ???????????????????????
– Six-sigma??? – ??? EA????????????????????????????2004?11???
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.14
????????????????
• • ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ????NO?
– ???????????????????????????????60-85????? – ??????????????????????????????? >See????????????????
•
???????????????????????????
– ??????????????????????????????????? >>?????????????????????????
•
??????????????????????????6?????
– – – – ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????OP????????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????
•
??????????????????????????????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.16
??????????????
Measures of Operation Quality
• 4??????
?????????Cost??????????? ?????????????????????? – ???? e.g. Samsung ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????? – ??? e.g. Intel – Cost e.g. (Samsung) ????????????????????
– ???
e.g. TOYOTA, ???? ?????????????????
?????????? Fault Tolerant????????? ??? ? Six sigma, ????????5?????2km????????????v.s.Cost&?? ???????????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.18
?????????????
• ?????????Cost?????????????
– E.g.
• ??????????????????????/ Low reliability for high speed • ??????????????????????????/Low speed and/or reliability for Low cost • ??????????????????????????/Low speed or high cost for high reliability
• Reliability?QCD(Quality, Cost, Delivery)???????? ????????????????????????????? ????? ??????????? • ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??
??????????????
Measures of Operation Quality
1. ????? ????????????????
– Motivation? ?????????????1???2????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????
– –
Keys: ??????????? ?????????????? Example???????
– – ???????????????????????????>> 104?????????>>??h???$2-300/3???$440/2?????2.2?? ?????????????0????????????????????OP?????????>>??11??????7??????? ???????????????????????????0??”here or to go?”????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
•
•
Samsung
– ????????????????????????????????????????????????? – ?????????????????? ??????????1?????????????y??????????????????
2.
??????????????????
– – Motivation? ??????????????????????1?????? Keys: ???????????? ????????????????????????????Fault Tolerant?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????
• Note: ????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• Note:?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
–
???
• ????????????????????????????>>??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.18-21
??????????????
Measures of Operation Quality
3. Cost?
– – – Motivation??????????????????????????????????????? ????????? Keys????????????? 1. ????????????????????????2. ????????????????????????????? Example??????????????????
• • ??????????????????????????????????? SCM?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????
4.
????
– – Motivation: ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? Keys: ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? Example?EA?Enterprise Architecture?>>??????
–
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.18-21
?????????????????
Measures of Operation Quality
????????????????????? ??????????????????? ????
p.22
•
KPI?Key Performance Inductors?
?? – – – – ????????????????? ???? ??????????????? ????????????????? ????
p.23
•
KPI?????? ????????
– – ????? ???
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.21-23
???????????????????
Enterprise Architecture of Operational Excellence
???????????????????????????????????????? 1. ???????????????
PDCA(Plan-Do-Check-Action)?????????????????????????? Plan: ??????????????????????? Do? ????????????????? Check? ??????????????????? ????KPI????????? Action? ??
P.25
2.
????????????????????
(??????????????????????????????) ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? >>See?????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
–
IT????????IT?????????????????
(??????????????????????????????) ??????Excellence?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????IT??????????? ??????????????????????????
cut
p.26
OutSource, Alliance
1.
???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????4????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Example?EA?Enterprise Architecture?>>?????? ??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????
•
???????????????????
Enterprise Architecture of Operational Excellence
•
– –
????????(MAIC, COPQ, CTQ) >>??????
Concept: ????????99.9997%?????????????????? ????i.e.1,000,000??3????????????? ?COPQ?cost of poor quality????????????????????? ?????????CTQ?critical to quality????????????????? ????????2?????????????????????????? ????????MAIC??Measurement?Analysis?Improvement?Control? ??????????? ??????????????????????
• • 2????*???????????????????*?????????????? ????????10??????4??????20?????140????????? ??? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????[??], P.29 Globis Management Institute???????????
–
•
– –
EA?Enterprise Architecture?>>??????
?”EA?????????????????”,????????2004?11??, P.52-70 ???, ???SOX????2005/12/1?????
– –
?????????????????????EA?Enterprise Architecture? ?????????????????? Concept? EA??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????4??????????? ????IT????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????2007?7? ??SOX???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????? 2005?12?1??????????SOX??2008??3???????? ???????2007?4???????????????????????? >>????
???????????2004?11??, P.55
????????? ???????????????
•?????????? •????????????
Introduction Case Study: Action!
• ?????????????????
– POINT
??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????CRM,SCM, ?????????????????????5????????? ???????????????????????????IT??? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????IT,??2???????????????
– CASE????????
• Action: ??????????A? >>
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P34-36
?????????????? ???????
Lecture 6 Lecture 2,3,4 Lecture 3,4,5 Lecture 7
?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? Questions? ?????? ?????? ????
Lecture 8
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.37
??????? ?????
• ??????????????????????????????? • ??????????????????????????????????????
?????????????? ?????????????
• • ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????
– ????????? ????????? ??? – ????????? ?????? – ????????? ????????? ? – ????
• ???? • ?????
•
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, P.161
?????????????? [???????????IT]
?????????IT?????? ????? ???IT???????????? ??????????????? *????????? •Knowledge Management •Know-How???? •Operation???? •Operation???? •Operation?? •Web-base study (WBS) *IT???????? •IT???????????? •IT?????? •????????????? IT????????? •???????
??????????????????[??], Globis Management Institute???????????, ???? P.vi
Course Schedule (Operations Management 2007)
(Term:3, Period: Fri. 5&6 (15:15-16:30&16:45-18:00@8A108)
1.
– –
OPM???????????????????/Basic OPM methods ???(Lec1-2 12/14/2007(Fri))
Project Management?Resource Management?Cost Analysis?Break Even Analysis, TOC OR History in Japan*
1.
??????????????????????????*
Enterprise Operation modules and their chain managements
???(Lec1-1 12/14/2007(Fri))
2. –
????????????????????????? Supply Chain management (SCM). &EMS, Closed-Loop SCM,SI* ???(Lec2 12/21/2007(Fri))
– Material procurement management. (&VMI*) ???(Lec5 1/25/2008(Fri) – Customer Relationship Management (CRM). &CRM*&PRM ???(Lec6 02/01/2008(Fri)) – Research and Development management. &DFM* ???(Lec7 02/08/2008(Fri)) – Company resource management. &KM* ???(Lec8 02/15/2008(Fri)) – More integrated operation chain management. ???(LecX) – ???????OPM??/Revolution of OPM (case study&Group work) ???(LecX) ??????????????????????????????????
2. 3.
International SCM, case studies, environmental scope ???(Lec3,4 01/09-11/2008(Wed-Fri)) Strategic engineering chain management 02/08/2008(Fri) or 02/15/2008(Fri)
??????????? • 1/18/2008 ??????????????2/22/2008 ???????????????)
Lec1_2: ???OP??????
1. OPM??????????????????? Project Management Gantt Chart PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) CPM (Critical Path Method) Resource Management Linear Programming Cost Analysis Crossover Chart Analysis Break Even Analysis
TOC (Theory of Constraints) ???????????????????SCM??????
2. ????OPM??????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????
OPM?????? Project Management
• • • • Gantt Chart PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) CPM (Critical Path Method) TOC (Theory of Constraints) ???????????? ???????SCM??????
•
???
– – ?????????????????????? ????PM????????????????????? ????????????
Gantt Chart
• • • ?????1900????, ????Henry Gantt ???????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ???????? >>See Actual business use:
–
• • •
•
•
•????????????? •????????????????? •??????????????
???????????????
Master schedule (Excel) Workload estimation (Excel) Workload by a person (MS project)
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
???(Gantt Chart &Scheduling)
• 2????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? • ??????????????????? ????????????????? ???????? Note:?????????????????
????????????????? ???????????????????
• • ??????????????? ??????????????
?? A B ?? M1 A1 B1 ?? M2 A2 B2
Ai,Bi?i=1,2?????????i,vi??
??????????????????? ????????
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.163-167
???(Gantt Chart &Scheduling) ?????
• • 2????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ????????
ANS. 1. ??????????????
Note:??????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????
• 1. ??????????????? ??????????????
?? A B ?? M1 A1 B1 ?? M2 A2 B2
1. A->B?????????? • T(A->B)=A1+max(B1,A2)+B2 2. A->B?????????? • T(A->B)=B1+max(A1,B2)+A2 ????????E(T(A->B)), E(T(A->B))?????? E(T(A->B))<E(T(A->B))??A->B???????B->A? ????????????
2. ??????????????
???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????1/??????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????1/(v1 + ?2)?1/(?1+v2)???????
1. 2. E[(max(B1,A2)]= 1/v1 + 1/?2 – 1/(v1 + ?2), E[(max(A1,B2)]= 1/?1+1/v2 – 1/(?1+v2)
2.
?????????????????? ??????????
Ai,Bi?i=1,2?????????i,vi?
??? 1/(v1 + ?2)>1/(?1+v2) i.e. ???A->B??? ????B->A???????????
????????????????????????????? ????????
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.163-167
PERT
(Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
?????1958??, ???? ????????(?????????????) ??????????????????(AOA)???? ????????????(??)??????? ????? ???????????????????3? ?????(??)?????? ????? [CPM]?????? [3?????] ??????????????????? ??????(??)??????t?????? a????????/the most optimistic time m???????/the most likely time b???????/the most pessimistic time ?t=(a+4m+b)/6, ?????=(b-a)/6 ?????????>>??????? 1 ?????? Be(a, b) = x a ?1 (1 ? x)b?1 ,0 < x < 1(a, b > 0) B ( a, b)
?1 B(a, b) = ?0 x a? 1 ? x)b?1 dx 1
?????????????????????????? ????????????????, P.178???
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998
???????????????????
(for Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
[3?????] ->?????? ??????????????????? ??????(??)??????t?????? a????????/the most optimistic time m???????/the most likely time b???????/the most pessimistic time ?t=(a+4m+b)/6, ?????=(b-a)/6 ?????????>>???????????
?????? Be(a,b) =
1 a?1 0 b?1
1 a?1 x (1? x)b?1,0 < x <1(a,b > 0) B(a,b)
B(a,b) = ? x ? 1? x) dx
????????, ?????l ????????,1996
?s ? ? 1 a x2 / 2 P= e dx = ? ( ? ), ? = ? ? 2? ??
[??????] ->??????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?Normal Distribution? ???????????? ?????????????s?????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????????
???????????, ?????, ????, 1997, P. 178
PERT???
(Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
??? [3?????]
??????????????????? ??????(??)??????t?????? a????????/the most optimistic time m???????/the most likely time b???????/the most pessimistic time ?t=(a+4m+b)/6, ?????=(b-a)/6?????????>>???????
Q1. ??A,B,C,D?????????????????????Te????? ?Te????
A ??????? ?????? ?????? 3 5 7 B 4 5 8 C 4 6 7 D 5 9 12
Q2. ????????????????????????N?Te, ?Te ????? ???????28???????????????????????
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.173
PERT??? ?????
(Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
??? [3?????] ??????????????????? ??????(??)??????t?????? a????????/the most optimistic time, m???????/the most likely time, b???????/the most pessimistic time ?t=(a+4m+b)/6, ?????=(b-a)/6?????????>>??????? Q1. ??A,B,C,D?????????????????????Te??????Te???? A B 4 5 8 C 4 6 7 D 5 9 12 ???? ????
ANS. ??A,B,C,D??????te1, ??????1????
3?????????te1=(3+4*5+7)/6=30/6=5, ?1=(7-3)/6=4/6.??? ????????????????? A 30/6 4/6 B 32/6 4/6 C 35/6 3/6 D 53/6 7/6
??????? ?????? ??????
3 5 7
????TE=?(i=1..4) tei =25, ?TE=sqrt(?(i=1..4) ?i)=1.58 Q2. ????????????????????????N?Te, ?Te ????????????28???????? ??????????????? AND. Q1?ANS???????????????25, 1.58^2???????????? ????????????0.03?????
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.173
PERT??????????????
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.175,176
CPM (Critical Path Method)
*?????1957? *???? ????&????????????? *???????????????????????like PERT?????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????
*???????????????????? *??? -???????: ??????????????? (earliest node time: earliest time to finish the task) -???????????????????????? (latest node time: latest time to start the task) -Critical Path (CP): ??????????? longest path of all paths *Probability of Project Completion: Z={(desired completion time)-(CP time)}/ (Standard Deviation of CP time)
???????????-????????????,??? ???? et al. ??????,1998, P.170
Software of Project Management using Gantt Chart, PERT, CPM
• See Actual business use: – Project Master Plan (Excel) – Team PDC management (MS project) ???
(????????>>See)
•
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
Lec1_2: ???OP?????2
1. OPM???????????????????
Project Management
Gantt Chart PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) CPM (Critical Path Method),
Resource Management
Linear Programming
Cost Analysis
Crossover Chart Analysis
Break Even Analysis TOC (Theory of Constraints) ???????????????????SCM??????
2. ????OPM??????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
OPM?????? Resource Management
• Linear Programming
???????????(?)???? ????????
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
OPM???????? Decision using Cost Analysis
• Crossover Chart Analysis?????????1???
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
OPM???????? Break Even Analysis
??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
OPM???????? Break Even Analysis
???MBA????????, ?????, ???????, 2001.
???OPM??????
??????????????
•
–
?????
????????????????????????????? • ???????????????? >>???????????? • ????????: >>Lean manufacturing
•
????????
– OPM??????????????????????
• • ??????????????OPM???????? ????????????????
Concept of TOC
• • ??????? ???? (Theory of Constraints)? E. ???????? ??? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??? ???????????????
•
????
?
????????
?
????
<?
???? ???WIP
?????????????? ? Total ??
Output
?????????? ????????????
?
??????? Time
doc_283997694.pdf