Description
There is no doubt that the industrial sector is a pioneer in using the latest advancement, in managerial
thought and technology field in terms depending on knowledge and success in order to support all its
business areas and to ensure continued progress in various fields. Therefore, this study aimed to
investigate knowledge strategies impact in organizational success development among managers of
industrial companies in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, the researchers prepared a questionnaire that
was distributed over study population totaling (80) respondents.
Study results showed that organizational success level among Saudi industrial companies’ managers is
high, results also confirmed knowledge strategies importance in managerial work in such companies and
their contribution in awareness communicating and accomplish corporate objectives.
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
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HOSTED BY
Arab Society of
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Economic & Political
Sciences
2214-4625/$ – see front matter © 2015 Holy Spirit University of Kaslik. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aebj.2014.12.001
*Abdullah Barakat. Tel.: +966500987293; fax: +0-000-000-0000.
E-mail address: [email protected]
Peer review under responsibility of Holy Spirit University.
??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???
???????? ????????
The Impact of Organizational Knowledge Strategies in Deliberating
of Organizational Success among Managers in Saudi Arabian
Industrial Companies
Ibrahim Alhodhaibi ?, Abdullah Barakat?*
?Associate Professor, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
? Associate Professor, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history:
Received 30 August 14
Received in revised form 24 November
14
Accepted 02 December 14
: ?????? ???????
??????? ?????
??????? ???????????
???????? ??????
Keywords:
Knowledge management
Knowledge strategies
Organizational success
????
??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ????
????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????
??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ???
) ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? 80 ?????? ( . ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????
??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????
???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ? . ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???
?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? . ??????? ? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ????
? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????
?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???
??? ?? ??????? ????? .????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????
ABSTRACT
There is no doubt that the industrial sector is a pioneer in using the latest advancement, in managerial
thought and technology field in terms depending on knowledge and success in order to support all its
business areas and to ensure continued progress in various fields. Therefore, this study aimed to
investigate knowledge strategies impact in organizational success development among managers of
industrial companies in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, the researchers prepared a questionnaire that
was distributed over study population totaling (80) respondents.
Study results showed that organizational success level among Saudi industrial companies’ managers is
high, results also confirmed knowledge strategies importance in managerial work in such companies and
their contribution in awareness communicating and accomplish corporate objectives. The study indicated
10 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
1 . ???????
?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????
??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?
???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ?
??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? Knowledge Industry . ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????
?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ???? " ????????? ?????? " ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???
???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????
? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? .?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????
: ????????? ??????? ?????
?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? : ??????
??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? " ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????
:??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????
- ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? Leveraging Knowledge strategy ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
- ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? Probing Strategy ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
- ) ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? Appropriation Strategy ) ??????? ?????? ( Expanding Strategy ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
?????????
: ??????? ?????
???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????
?? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? – ???????? ??? ?? ??? – ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????
.??????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????????
: ??????? ?????
: ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? -
? ( ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? Leveraging Knowledge Strategy ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
? ( ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? Probing Strategy ) ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ( Success Strategy ( ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ??
? ( ) ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? Appropriation Strategy ) ??????? ????? ( Expanding Strategy ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
? ???????? ????????
? ( ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ???
that knowledge strategies implementation in Saudi companies contributes to organizational success
development.
Finally, it was found that the most important variables that activate knowledge strategies in organizational
success development is to encourage teamwork and human relations development, social and cultural
organizational that encourage transfer and sharing knowledge, as well as holding courses regarding
knowledge strategies, success and increased dependence on modern technology in knowledge transfer. All
of this would increase knowledge exchange in industrial companies, which positively reflected successful
works.
© 2015 Holy Spirit University of Kaslik. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 11
2 . ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????
2.1 ?????? ?????
: ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????
??? ???? ? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?
????????? ) ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ???? ????????? 2005 ? 5 ? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ? (
??? ???? ) ???????? ???? ????? ??? King 2010 , Duffy, 2000 ????? ????? : ??? ? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ? ????? ????? ???? ( Tacit
Knowledge ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? Explicit Knowledge ??????? ??????? ???
?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ( ????? ??? ??????? ) ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? .?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???
Explicit ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ) ???????? ???????? ?????? Pretorius and stayn, 2004 ( .
: ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????
??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???
???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ) ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? Abou-Zeid & Cheng, 1998 ( . ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???
????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??
??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????) 2010 .(
) ??? ??? Dracker , 1998 , 1999 ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ( ???? ??? ?? .?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????
) King, 2010 ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ( ???? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ???
) ?????? .??????? ?????? Soo et. Al, 2002 ( ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??
) ??? ????????? ??????? ??? .???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? Abou-zeid & Cheng, 2004 ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? (
Socialization ( ?????? ) ????????? Externalization ??? ??? ? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???
) Desouza and Awazu, 2006 ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ( ??????
. ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????????
?? ????? ????? (Krogh et. al., 2001) ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? :??? ???
1 - ????? ?????????? Leveraging Strategy .??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????
2 - ??????????? ????????? Appropriation Strategy ??? ???? ???? .?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????
3 - ????? ?????????? Probing Strategy .??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
4 - ?????? ?????????? Expanding Strategy ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? .??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??
????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ? ? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?
? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? .
2.2 ??????? ????????
? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???
??????? ???????????? .???????? ??????? ??????? ???????
2.2.1 ??????? ????????
, ??????? ???? ) ????? 2006 ??? ??????? ????? .(?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ) ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? " ?????? ( ????? ??? ??? ??????
? ????????? ??????? ????? .??????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? :???? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??
? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? .???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????
. ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ??
???????) ????? 2011 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ( ???? ??? ??????? ?????? .???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????
?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? IT ? KM ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? . IT ? KM ???? ???
?? .???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????
12 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
? ?????? ??????? ) ????? 2012 ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? " ????? ???? ????? : ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? : ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? " ?????? ( ????????
? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?
.??????? ???? ??????? ?????
???????? ) ????? 2009 ?? ?????? ???????? ????? : ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? " ?????? ????? ( ??? ?????? " ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??
?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? . ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????
???????) ????? 2011 ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? "??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???" ?????? ( ???? ?????????? ?????????
??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? 52 % ????? :????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?
?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???
.???? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???
??????) ????? 2014 ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? "??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????" ?????? ( ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???
? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????
? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????
) ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? .??????? 340 ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ( ?????
.??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????
????????? ??????) ????? 2014 " ?????? ( ? ??? ??????? ???? "??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????
????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? .??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? .??????? ?????? ???? ?????
??? ???? :????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? .??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????
?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???
.??????? ?????? ?? ???????
2.2.2 ??????? ????????
????? ) Kok, 2007 :?????? ???????? (
Intellectual Capital Management as part of knowledge Management Initiatives at institutions of higher learning
?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? :?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?
?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ??? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??
???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? .???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? – ??????? ????
??? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? :????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????
. ?????
) ????? Liebowitz,2013 ( ?????? ?????? : “Developing Metrics For Determining Knowledge Management Success : A Fuzzy Logic Approach" .
?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??
? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? .
? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???
?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????
. ????????? ???????? ?????????
) ????? Grossman, 2013 ( ?????? An Overview Of knowledge Assessment Approaches ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????
? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? . ???????
.???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????
) ????? Krogh, 2001 ????" ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? " ?????? ( ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??
???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
. ??????? ???? ??????? ???????
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 13
2.2.3 ? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????
? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????
.?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????
???? :??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? :??????? ???????? ?? ??????
1 - .??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????
2 - ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? .???????
3 - .??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????
4 - .?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????
5 - .??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????
6 - ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? .??? ???
:??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?
??????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? .???????
.?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????
?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?
?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? .??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??
3 . : ??????? ??????
3.1 ??????? ???????
. ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?
?? ??? ?? ?????? : ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????
- ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? Leveraging Knowledge Strategy . ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
- ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? Probing Strategy .???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
- ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? Appropriation Strategy) .???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
- ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ) ??????? ????? Expanding Strategy . ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
4 . ??????? ??????
4.1 ??????? ?????
? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????
??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?
?? .?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???
????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? .???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?
4.2 ??????? ?????
?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ? 80
??? ??????? ????? .??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??
14 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
4.3 ??????? ????
) ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? 150 ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ( ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???
???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? .???????? ?? ?????????? 80 ???? ??? ??????? 53.33 . ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? %
4.4 ??????? ????
? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????
?? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? 29 ????? ) ????? ??? ???? Likert ??? ???????? ( ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????
.?????? ??????
4.5 ??????? ???? ???
??? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
?????? ???????? .??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??
4.6 ??????? ???? ????
) ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? Cronbach's Alpha ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ( 1 ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?
????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? 1 ) ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ? % 0.78 ( ) ? 0.93 ( ) ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? 0.95 ( ????
?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? .??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???
??? ?????? ?? ????? 1 .?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????
4.7 ???????? ????????
????? ???? ) ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ? Spss ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? .??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? (
?????? ??????? ??? ?????? .???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? :??? ??? ????????? -
1 ( ) ?????? ?????? ?????? Descriptive Statistical Measures ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ???
?
??????? ? ????????? ????? ???? ???? (
. ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???
2 ( ) ?????? ??????? ????? Simple Regression Analysis .?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? (
3 ( ) ??????? ???? ????? ?????? Variance Inflation Factory ??? ( ? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? Tolerance ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????
) Multicollinearity ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ( Tolerance ) ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? Multicollinearity .(
4 ( ) ??????? ????? Skewness ( Wise .???????? ??????? ??????? (
5 ( ) ??????? Regression Step Wise ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? : ( .??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???
4.8 ??????? ?????
??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? .??????? ???
? ??????? .?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????
???????? ????????? ?????? ???????
??? 1 - ??????? ????? .
??? ?????????? ??????? ??
??????? ???????????
??????? ????? ??????????
??????? ????? ??????????
???????? ??????
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 15
4.9 ??????? ????
????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????
???? ? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??
.???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????
5 . ???????? ??????? ???
5.1 ??????? ????? ?? ??????
?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???
: ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? -
?
???? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????
1 2 3 4 5
? ) ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? .??????? ????? ????? ?? ( ??????? ?????? ?????? ??
? ??????? ) ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? 2002 ????? ??? ??? ????? ?( ???? ???????? ????
:?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? -
?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? 4.20 ? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? 3.4
?? ???? 4.2 ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? 2.6 ?? ???? 3.4 ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? 1.8 ?? ???? 2.6
? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 1 ?? ???? 1.8 . ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????
5.2 ??????? ??????
) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? :???? ?????? (Leveraging Knowledge Strategy ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
??? 4.3 ??? ??????? ) ???? ?? 68.1 . ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? (%
??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? 2 ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????
???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?
????? ?? .????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????
? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
. ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????
) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? :?????? ?????? Probing Strategy ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????
????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? 2
.?????? ?? ??????
?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???
?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?
? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? .??????? ???? ?????? ???
???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? :?????? ?????? ?????
??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ) ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? 3.4 ??? ???? ??? (
??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? . ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? 2 .?????? ?? ??????
?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????
?? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????
??? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????
?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???
16 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? .??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???
??????? ??????? ???? ) ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? 3.3 ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? (
?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? .???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ???????? ?
???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? : ?????? ?????? ?
???) ?????? ?? ???? ??? 3 ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ( ???????? ??????
????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? .??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? 0.913 ?????? ????? ?????????? ????
?????? 0.874 ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????
) ??????? ??? ???? 82.3 ) ??????? ????? ??? (% 1 ) ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??? (% 3 .(
??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????
:?????? -
??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? Multicollinearity ) ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? VIF ) ( Variance Inflation Factory ??????? ??????? (
) ??????? Tolerance ??????? ?? ????? ??? ( ) ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ? ??????? VIF ) ?????? ( 10 ( ) ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? Tolerance ?? ???? (
) 0.05 ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ( (Normal Distribution) ) ??????? ????? ??????? Skewness ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ( ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??
?? ??? ??????? ????? 1 ??????? ) ??? 4 ( .????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
5.3 ??????? ?????? ??????
????? ?? ????? .??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? 5 ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
??? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? F ) ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? 0.01?a ) ???? ?????? ( 1.68 ( ) ??????? 3.84 .(
:???????? ??????? -
? ?? ??? ???? ? " ) ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? a=0.01 .???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? (
:???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? -
????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? 6 ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ) ?????? ?????? ????? ( ???????? ?????? ) ?????? ??????? ?? ( ??????? ??????????? )
Beta ???? ?????? ( T ) ???????? 73.53 ( ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 2.369 ?? ??? ) ???? ??? 0.0?a ) ???? ?????? ( 1.69 ???? ?????? ( F ???????? 275.35 ???
??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? 7.08 ???? ????? ??? ) 0.01?a ) ???? ?????? ( 1.69 ( ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? 72.5 ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? % 27.5 %
?? ????????? ?? ????" ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? .??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????
?????? ????? a=0.01 ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? .?????? ??????? ?? ?
: ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? -
H1a ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? a=0.01) ( ????? ?????????? ??????? (Leveraging knowledge strategy) ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
???????? .????????
?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? 6 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? (???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ( ??????? ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? ????
?????? Beta ???? ?????? T ???????? 129.07 ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 2.39 ???? ????? ??? 0.01?a ???? ?????? (1.69) ???? ?????? F ) ???????? 207.86 (
??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 7.08 ???? ????? ??? 0.1?a ???? ?????? 1.69 ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ( ??????? ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? 71 ?? %
?????? ) ?? ????? ( ???????? ?????? ????? ) ?????? ??????? ?? ? 29 ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? (%
?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? .( ???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ?????
??????? ??????? ???????
H2a ) ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? : a=0.01 ????????? ??????? ?????????? ( (Appropriation Strategy) ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
.???????? ???????? ???????
???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? 6 ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ( ????????? ??????? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??
?????? ?????? ????? (???????? Beta ???? ?????? T ???????? 164.65 ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 2.39 ???? ????? ??? .( 0.01? ?) ???? ?????? 1.69 ???? ?????? F
???????? 181.84 ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 7.08 ???? ????? ??? .( 0.01? ?) ???? ?????? 1.69 ??????? ??? ?? ( ????????? ??????? ??????????) ??????? ??????? ???
?????? ?? ???? 85 ??? ?? % ?? ????? (???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ???? 15 ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? %
????? ) ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? .?????? ??????? ?? ?( ????????? ??????? ?????
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 17
H3a ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? : a=0.01 ????? ????? ?????????? (Appropriation Strategy) ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
.???????? ????????
?? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? (???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ( ??? Beta ???? ?????? T ???????? 101.68 ?????? ?? ???? ???
??????? ???????? 2.39 ???? ????? ??? 0.01?a ???? ?????? 1.69 ???? ?????? F ???????? 371.86 ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 7.08 ???? ????? ??? 0.01?a
???? ?????? 1.69 ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ( ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? 75 ????? (???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? % 25 ?? %
??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????
. ( ???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ? ( ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ???????
:??????? ??????? ???????
H4a ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? : ) ??? a=0.01 .???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? (
?????? ?????? ????? (???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? Beta ???? ?????? T ???????? 13.41 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??
??????? ???????? 2.39 ???? ????? ??? (0.01? ?) ???? ?????? 1.69 ???? ?????? F ???????? 269.84 ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 7.08 ???? ????? ??? . (0.01?
?) ?????? ???? 1.69 ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????) ????? (?????? ? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 75.5 ????? ) ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? (
27.5 ????? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? % ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
??? ???? .?????? ??????? ?? ( ?????? ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ????
6 ????????? ???????.
6.1 ???????
??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? :
? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ????(? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? .???????
??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? . ????????? ???????
(? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????????
??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? . ??????
????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? (? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????
??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??
.???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????
??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? (? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????
?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????
????????? ?????????? .( ????? ) ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??
?? ????????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ( ? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ? 0.785 ???? ??? 0.215
.???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??
.??????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????(?
???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????(? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??? ???
.??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????
??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????(? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??
????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????
??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??
???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? .????????
???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????(? F ? T ??????? ?? (???????? ?????? ?????) ???? ( ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ? ????? ??????????? ) ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????
. ??????? ????
??? ??????? ??? ??? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????(? .???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????
18 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????(? ??? ??????? ???? .??????? ?
??????? ?????(? .??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??
6.2 ????????
?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????
: ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
- ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???
.??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????
- ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ? . ?
- ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???
.??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????
- ? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?
.?????? ??? ??? ??????
- ? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? .???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?
- ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????
??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? .??????? ????????? ?????? ??
:??????
???? 1 - ?????? ?????? ( ????? ????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? .
?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ( ???? ??????? ) ?????? ?????
1 - 29 ( ???????? ??????? ????????? ) ???????? ????? 0.954
( ??????? ??????????? ) ??????? ??????? 0.784
( ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ????? 0845
( ????????? ??????????? ) ??????? ????? 0865
( ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ????? 0932
( ?????? ????????? ) ??????? ????? 0791
???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? 0915
??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? 0.842
???? 2 - ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? .
??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????
???????
???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????
???????
?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? 3.93 .988 0.786 ?????
??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? 4.11 .652 0.822 ?????
?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? 4.13 .689 0.826 ?????
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? 4.41 .733 0.882 ?????
?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? 4.34 .668 0.868 ?????
????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? 4.84 .371 0.968 ?????
????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? 4.21 .653 .842 ?????
????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ? 4.43 .535 .886 ?????
???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? 4.16 .988 0.832 ?????
???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? 4.52 .652 0.904 ?????
?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? 4.36 .689 0.872 ?????
????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? 4.38 .733 0.876 ?????
??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? 4.30 .668 0.860 ?????
??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ? 4.14 .371 0.828 ?????
????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? 4.34 .653 0.868 ?????
????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? 4.80 .535 0.960 ?????
??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? 3.89 .681 0.778 ?????
??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? 3.86 .645 0.772 ?????
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 19
???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? 3.95 .724 0.790 ?????
????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? 3.38 .865 0.676 ?? ???
?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? 4.23 .426 0.846 ?????
?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? 4.34 .695 0.854 ?????
????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? 4.46 .538 0.892 ?????
????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? 4.25 .79 0.850 ?????
???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????
???????? ??????
3.30 .761 0.660 ?????
??????? ????? ??????? 3.97 .701 0.794 ?????
???? 3 - ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? .
????????? ???????????
???????
????? ?????????? ???????????
?????????
????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????
??????? ??????????? 1
????? ?????????? 0.874 1
????????? ??????????? 0.913 0.650 1
????? ?????????? 0.521 0.698 0.724 1
?????? ?????????? 0.784 0.663 0.784 0.842 1
???????? ?????? 0.823 0.582 0.704 0.676 0.762 1
) ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? 0.01?a .(
???? 4 - ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? .
???????? ??????? VIF Tolerance Skewness
????? ?????????? 1.971 0.732 0.459
????????? ??????????? 2.21 0.452 0.340
????? ?????????? 2.08 0.480 0.711
?????? ?????????? 2.45 0.442 0.521
???? 5 - ??????? ??????? ????? ????? Analysis Of Variance) ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ( .
??????? ????? : ?????? ???????
?????????
???????? ?????????
???? F
????????
???? ?????
F
??????? ?????
R2
??????? ????? R ??????? ????? ???
??????? ??????????? 177.78 0.000 0.725 0.823 ???????? ??????? ?????? ????
????? ????????? 140.86 0.000 0.783 0.582 ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????
????????? ??????????? 168.48 0.000 0.661 0.704 ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????
???? ?????????? ? 187.85 0.000 0.871 0.676 ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????
?????? ?????????? 193.06 0.000 0.693 0.762 ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????
???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???* .(0.01? ?)
???? F ???? ????? ??? ???????? ( 0.01? ? ) ???? ?????? 1.69 = ( 7.08
???? 6 - ) ?????? ??????? ????? ????? Simple Regression Analysis ( ) ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ( ??????? ??????????? .
??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? B0 B1 ??????? ?????
R2
???? T
????????
???? F ???????? ??? ???? ??
T
???? ?????
F
??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? 0.654 0.789 0.725 *73.53 ***275.35 0.000 0.000
??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? 0.780 0.71 089. 129.07 * 207.86 *** 0.000 .000
??????? ??????????
?????????
???? ?????? ????? ???? 0.651 0.85 0.855 164.65 181.84 0.000 0.000
????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? 0.678 0.75 0.833 101.68 371.86 0.000 0.000
?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? 0.762 0.74 0.794 13.41 269.84 0.000 0.000
20 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? 0.01>a
- ???? T ???? ????? ??? ???????? 0.01>a
- ???? F ???? ????? ??? ???????? 0.01>a ???? ?????? 69.1 = 3.84
????? ?? ???????
.???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????
2 ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? . . ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??
? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?
1 ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????
2 ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????
3 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?
4 ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????
5 ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
6 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????
7 ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????
8 ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????
9 . ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????
10 ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????
11 ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????
12 ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????
13 ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????
14 ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????
15 ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????
16 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????
17 ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????
18 ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????
19 ??????? ???? . ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????
20 ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
21 ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????
22 ? ????? .????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??????
23 ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
24 ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 21
25 ? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????
26 ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
27 ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
28 ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????
29 ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????
REFERENCES
? ??????? . ? ????? ? . ? ??? ? . ???? : ??? ) ? ? . ) ( 2001 ( . .????????? ??????? : ??????? ??????? ????? ???? : ??????? ???????????
? ????? . ? ???????? ? . ) 2006 ( . ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? . ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?
? ??????? . ?????? ? .? ) 2012 ( . ?? ???? ????? : ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? : ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? . ??? ??????? ??????? ??? 32 ) 1 ( ? 53 - 65 .
? ??????? . ? ???????? ? . ) 2014 ( . ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ? . ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? 9 ) 1 ? ( 27 - 36 .
? ?????? . ) 2014 ( . ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ? ????? ?? ? ??????? ?????? . ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? 9 ) 2 ( ? 155 - 183 .
? ? ????? . ) 2010 ( . ???????? ?????? ????? .????? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ?
? ??????? . ) 2011 ( . ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? . ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? .
? ??????? . ) 2004 ( . ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? . ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? .????? ?
? ???????? . ) 2002 ( . ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? .??????? ????? ???? ??? : ???????? ??????? ???? ? 14 ) 1 ?( 145 - 163 .
????????? .? ) 2008 ( . ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? : ???????? ?????? ? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? 3 .?????? : ???? ?
????????? .? ) 2005 .( ?? :????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? . .???????? ??????? ?????? ???? : ???????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????
???????? .? ) 2009 .( ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? .??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? : ??????? ?
Abou- Zeid,E., Qianzhen C. (1998).The Discipline Of Innovation , Harvard Business Review,.76 (6), 149-157.
Abou –Zeid, E., Qianzhen C. (2004). The Effectiveness of Innovation: A Knowledge Management Approach. International Journal of Innovation
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Desouza, K., Yukika, A. (2006). Engaging Tensions of Knowledge Management Control. Singapore Management Review, 28(1), 1-13
Duffy, (Jan. 2000). Knowledge Management: To be or not to be? Information Management Journal, 34 (1), 64-67.
Drucker, P. (1999). Knowledge –worker Productivity: The Biggest Challenge. California Management Review, 41 (2), 79-94
Grossman, M. (2013). An Overview Of knowledge Assessment Approaches. The Journal Of American Academy Of Business, Cambridge,.8 (2), .242-247.
King, W. (2010). Playing an integral role in knowledge management. Information system management Journal,.17 (4), 59- 61.
Kok, A. (2007). Intellectual Capital Management as part of knowledge Management Initiatives at institutions of Higher Learning. The Electronic Journal
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Liebowitz J. (2013). Developing Metrics for Determining Knowledge Management Success: A Fuzzy Logic Approach, Issues in Information System
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Pretorius, C., Steyn, H. (2005). Knowledge Management in Project Environments. Journal Business Management, 36 (3), 41-50.
Soo, C., Timothy D., David M., Anne D. (2002). Knowledge Management: Philosophic, Processes, and Pitfalls, California Management Review, 44(4), 129-
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Sundbo, J. (1997). Management of Innovation in Services. The Service Industries Journal, 17 (3), .432-455.
doc_793842116.pdf
There is no doubt that the industrial sector is a pioneer in using the latest advancement, in managerial
thought and technology field in terms depending on knowledge and success in order to support all its
business areas and to ensure continued progress in various fields. Therefore, this study aimed to
investigate knowledge strategies impact in organizational success development among managers of
industrial companies in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, the researchers prepared a questionnaire that
was distributed over study population totaling (80) respondents.
Study results showed that organizational success level among Saudi industrial companies’ managers is
high, results also confirmed knowledge strategies importance in managerial work in such companies and
their contribution in awareness communicating and accomplish corporate objectives.
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect
j our nal homepage: www. el sevi er. com/ l ocat e/ aebj
HOSTED BY
Arab Society of
Faculties of Business,
Economic & Political
Sciences
2214-4625/$ – see front matter © 2015 Holy Spirit University of Kaslik. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aebj.2014.12.001
*Abdullah Barakat. Tel.: +966500987293; fax: +0-000-000-0000.
E-mail address: [email protected]
Peer review under responsibility of Holy Spirit University.
??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???
???????? ????????
The Impact of Organizational Knowledge Strategies in Deliberating
of Organizational Success among Managers in Saudi Arabian
Industrial Companies
Ibrahim Alhodhaibi ?, Abdullah Barakat?*
?Associate Professor, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
? Associate Professor, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history:
Received 30 August 14
Received in revised form 24 November
14
Accepted 02 December 14
: ?????? ???????
??????? ?????
??????? ???????????
???????? ??????
Keywords:
Knowledge management
Knowledge strategies
Organizational success
????
??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ????
????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????
??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ???
) ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? 80 ?????? ( . ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????
??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????
???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ? . ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???
?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? . ??????? ? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ????
? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????
?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???
??? ?? ??????? ????? .????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????
ABSTRACT
There is no doubt that the industrial sector is a pioneer in using the latest advancement, in managerial
thought and technology field in terms depending on knowledge and success in order to support all its
business areas and to ensure continued progress in various fields. Therefore, this study aimed to
investigate knowledge strategies impact in organizational success development among managers of
industrial companies in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, the researchers prepared a questionnaire that
was distributed over study population totaling (80) respondents.
Study results showed that organizational success level among Saudi industrial companies’ managers is
high, results also confirmed knowledge strategies importance in managerial work in such companies and
their contribution in awareness communicating and accomplish corporate objectives. The study indicated
10 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
1 . ???????
?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????
??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?
???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ?
??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? Knowledge Industry . ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????
?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ???? " ????????? ?????? " ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???
???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????
? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? .?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????
: ????????? ??????? ?????
?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? : ??????
??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? " ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????
:??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????
- ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? Leveraging Knowledge strategy ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
- ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? Probing Strategy ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
- ) ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? Appropriation Strategy ) ??????? ?????? ( Expanding Strategy ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
?????????
: ??????? ?????
???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????
?? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? – ???????? ??? ?? ??? – ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????
.??????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????????
: ??????? ?????
: ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? -
? ( ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? Leveraging Knowledge Strategy ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
? ( ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? Probing Strategy ) ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ( Success Strategy ( ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ??
? ( ) ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? Appropriation Strategy ) ??????? ????? ( Expanding Strategy ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
? ???????? ????????
? ( ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ???
that knowledge strategies implementation in Saudi companies contributes to organizational success
development.
Finally, it was found that the most important variables that activate knowledge strategies in organizational
success development is to encourage teamwork and human relations development, social and cultural
organizational that encourage transfer and sharing knowledge, as well as holding courses regarding
knowledge strategies, success and increased dependence on modern technology in knowledge transfer. All
of this would increase knowledge exchange in industrial companies, which positively reflected successful
works.
© 2015 Holy Spirit University of Kaslik. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 11
2 . ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????
2.1 ?????? ?????
: ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????
??? ???? ? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?
????????? ) ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ???? ????????? 2005 ? 5 ? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ? (
??? ???? ) ???????? ???? ????? ??? King 2010 , Duffy, 2000 ????? ????? : ??? ? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ? ????? ????? ???? ( Tacit
Knowledge ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? Explicit Knowledge ??????? ??????? ???
?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ( ????? ??? ??????? ) ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? .?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???
Explicit ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ) ???????? ???????? ?????? Pretorius and stayn, 2004 ( .
: ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????
??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???
???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ) ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? Abou-Zeid & Cheng, 1998 ( . ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???
????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??
??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????) 2010 .(
) ??? ??? Dracker , 1998 , 1999 ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ( ???? ??? ?? .?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????
) King, 2010 ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ( ???? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ???
) ?????? .??????? ?????? Soo et. Al, 2002 ( ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??
) ??? ????????? ??????? ??? .???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? Abou-zeid & Cheng, 2004 ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? (
Socialization ( ?????? ) ????????? Externalization ??? ??? ? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???
) Desouza and Awazu, 2006 ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ( ??????
. ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????????
?? ????? ????? (Krogh et. al., 2001) ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? :??? ???
1 - ????? ?????????? Leveraging Strategy .??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????
2 - ??????????? ????????? Appropriation Strategy ??? ???? ???? .?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????
3 - ????? ?????????? Probing Strategy .??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
4 - ?????? ?????????? Expanding Strategy ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? .??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??
????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ? ? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?
? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? .
2.2 ??????? ????????
? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???
??????? ???????????? .???????? ??????? ??????? ???????
2.2.1 ??????? ????????
, ??????? ???? ) ????? 2006 ??? ??????? ????? .(?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ) ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? " ?????? ( ????? ??? ??? ??????
? ????????? ??????? ????? .??????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? :???? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??
? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? .???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????
. ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ??
???????) ????? 2011 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ( ???? ??? ??????? ?????? .???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????
?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? IT ? KM ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? . IT ? KM ???? ???
?? .???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????
12 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
? ?????? ??????? ) ????? 2012 ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? " ????? ???? ????? : ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? : ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? " ?????? ( ????????
? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?
.??????? ???? ??????? ?????
???????? ) ????? 2009 ?? ?????? ???????? ????? : ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? " ?????? ????? ( ??? ?????? " ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??
?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? . ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????
???????) ????? 2011 ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? "??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???" ?????? ( ???? ?????????? ?????????
??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? 52 % ????? :????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?
?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???
.???? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???
??????) ????? 2014 ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? "??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????" ?????? ( ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???
? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????
? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????
) ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? .??????? 340 ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ( ?????
.??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????
????????? ??????) ????? 2014 " ?????? ( ? ??? ??????? ???? "??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????
????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? .??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? .??????? ?????? ???? ?????
??? ???? :????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? .??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????
?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???
.??????? ?????? ?? ???????
2.2.2 ??????? ????????
????? ) Kok, 2007 :?????? ???????? (
Intellectual Capital Management as part of knowledge Management Initiatives at institutions of higher learning
?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? :?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?
?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ??? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??
???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? .???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? – ??????? ????
??? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? :????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????
. ?????
) ????? Liebowitz,2013 ( ?????? ?????? : “Developing Metrics For Determining Knowledge Management Success : A Fuzzy Logic Approach" .
?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??
? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? .
? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???
?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????
. ????????? ???????? ?????????
) ????? Grossman, 2013 ( ?????? An Overview Of knowledge Assessment Approaches ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????
? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? . ???????
.???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????
) ????? Krogh, 2001 ????" ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? " ?????? ( ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??
???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
. ??????? ???? ??????? ???????
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 13
2.2.3 ? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????
? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????
.?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????
???? :??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? :??????? ???????? ?? ??????
1 - .??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????
2 - ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? .???????
3 - .??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????
4 - .?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????
5 - .??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????
6 - ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? .??? ???
:??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?
??????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? .???????
.?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????
?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?
?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? .??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??
3 . : ??????? ??????
3.1 ??????? ???????
. ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?
?? ??? ?? ?????? : ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????
- ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? Leveraging Knowledge Strategy . ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
- ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? Probing Strategy .???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
- ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? Appropriation Strategy) .???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
- ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ) ??????? ????? Expanding Strategy . ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
4 . ??????? ??????
4.1 ??????? ?????
? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????
??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?
?? .?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???
????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? .???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?
4.2 ??????? ?????
?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ? 80
??? ??????? ????? .??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??
14 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
4.3 ??????? ????
) ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? 150 ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ( ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???
???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? .???????? ?? ?????????? 80 ???? ??? ??????? 53.33 . ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? %
4.4 ??????? ????
? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????
?? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? 29 ????? ) ????? ??? ???? Likert ??? ???????? ( ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????
.?????? ??????
4.5 ??????? ???? ???
??? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
?????? ???????? .??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??
4.6 ??????? ???? ????
) ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? Cronbach's Alpha ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ( 1 ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?
????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? 1 ) ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ? % 0.78 ( ) ? 0.93 ( ) ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? 0.95 ( ????
?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? .??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???
??? ?????? ?? ????? 1 .?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????
4.7 ???????? ????????
????? ???? ) ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ? Spss ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? .??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? (
?????? ??????? ??? ?????? .???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? :??? ??? ????????? -
1 ( ) ?????? ?????? ?????? Descriptive Statistical Measures ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ???
?
??????? ? ????????? ????? ???? ???? (
. ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???
2 ( ) ?????? ??????? ????? Simple Regression Analysis .?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? (
3 ( ) ??????? ???? ????? ?????? Variance Inflation Factory ??? ( ? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? Tolerance ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????
) Multicollinearity ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ( Tolerance ) ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? Multicollinearity .(
4 ( ) ??????? ????? Skewness ( Wise .???????? ??????? ??????? (
5 ( ) ??????? Regression Step Wise ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? : ( .??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???
4.8 ??????? ?????
??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? .??????? ???
? ??????? .?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????
???????? ????????? ?????? ???????
??? 1 - ??????? ????? .
??? ?????????? ??????? ??
??????? ???????????
??????? ????? ??????????
??????? ????? ??????????
???????? ??????
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 15
4.9 ??????? ????
????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????
???? ? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??
.???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????
5 . ???????? ??????? ???
5.1 ??????? ????? ?? ??????
?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???
: ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? -
?
???? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????
1 2 3 4 5
? ) ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? .??????? ????? ????? ?? ( ??????? ?????? ?????? ??
? ??????? ) ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? 2002 ????? ??? ??? ????? ?( ???? ???????? ????
:?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? -
?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? 4.20 ? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? 3.4
?? ???? 4.2 ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? 2.6 ?? ???? 3.4 ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? 1.8 ?? ???? 2.6
? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 1 ?? ???? 1.8 . ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????
5.2 ??????? ??????
) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? :???? ?????? (Leveraging Knowledge Strategy ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
??? 4.3 ??? ??????? ) ???? ?? 68.1 . ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? (%
??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? 2 ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????
???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?
????? ?? .????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????
? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
. ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????
) ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? :?????? ?????? Probing Strategy ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (
????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????
????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? 2
.?????? ?? ??????
?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???
?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?
? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? .??????? ???? ?????? ???
???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? :?????? ?????? ?????
??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ) ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? 3.4 ??? ???? ??? (
??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? . ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? 2 .?????? ?? ??????
?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????
?? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????
??? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????
?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???
16 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? .??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???
??????? ??????? ???? ) ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? 3.3 ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? (
?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? .???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ???????? ?
???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? : ?????? ?????? ?
???) ?????? ?? ???? ??? 3 ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ( ???????? ??????
????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? .??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? 0.913 ?????? ????? ?????????? ????
?????? 0.874 ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????
) ??????? ??? ???? 82.3 ) ??????? ????? ??? (% 1 ) ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??? (% 3 .(
??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????
:?????? -
??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? Multicollinearity ) ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? VIF ) ( Variance Inflation Factory ??????? ??????? (
) ??????? Tolerance ??????? ?? ????? ??? ( ) ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ? ??????? VIF ) ?????? ( 10 ( ) ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? Tolerance ?? ???? (
) 0.05 ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ( (Normal Distribution) ) ??????? ????? ??????? Skewness ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ( ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??
?? ??? ??????? ????? 1 ??????? ) ??? 4 ( .????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
5.3 ??????? ?????? ??????
????? ?? ????? .??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? 5 ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
??? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? F ) ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? 0.01?a ) ???? ?????? ( 1.68 ( ) ??????? 3.84 .(
:???????? ??????? -
? ?? ??? ???? ? " ) ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? a=0.01 .???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? (
:???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? -
????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? 6 ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ) ?????? ?????? ????? ( ???????? ?????? ) ?????? ??????? ?? ( ??????? ??????????? )
Beta ???? ?????? ( T ) ???????? 73.53 ( ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 2.369 ?? ??? ) ???? ??? 0.0?a ) ???? ?????? ( 1.69 ???? ?????? ( F ???????? 275.35 ???
??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? 7.08 ???? ????? ??? ) 0.01?a ) ???? ?????? ( 1.69 ( ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? 72.5 ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? % 27.5 %
?? ????????? ?? ????" ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? .??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????
?????? ????? a=0.01 ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? .?????? ??????? ?? ?
: ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? -
H1a ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? a=0.01) ( ????? ?????????? ??????? (Leveraging knowledge strategy) ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
???????? .????????
?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? 6 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? (???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ( ??????? ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? ????
?????? Beta ???? ?????? T ???????? 129.07 ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 2.39 ???? ????? ??? 0.01?a ???? ?????? (1.69) ???? ?????? F ) ???????? 207.86 (
??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 7.08 ???? ????? ??? 0.1?a ???? ?????? 1.69 ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ( ??????? ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? 71 ?? %
?????? ) ?? ????? ( ???????? ?????? ????? ) ?????? ??????? ?? ? 29 ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? (%
?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? .( ???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ?????
??????? ??????? ???????
H2a ) ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? : a=0.01 ????????? ??????? ?????????? ( (Appropriation Strategy) ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
.???????? ???????? ???????
???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? 6 ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ( ????????? ??????? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??
?????? ?????? ????? (???????? Beta ???? ?????? T ???????? 164.65 ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 2.39 ???? ????? ??? .( 0.01? ?) ???? ?????? 1.69 ???? ?????? F
???????? 181.84 ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 7.08 ???? ????? ??? .( 0.01? ?) ???? ?????? 1.69 ??????? ??? ?? ( ????????? ??????? ??????????) ??????? ??????? ???
?????? ?? ???? 85 ??? ?? % ?? ????? (???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ???? 15 ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? %
????? ) ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? .?????? ??????? ?? ?( ????????? ??????? ?????
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 17
H3a ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? : a=0.01 ????? ????? ?????????? (Appropriation Strategy) ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
.???????? ????????
?? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? (???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ( ??? Beta ???? ?????? T ???????? 101.68 ?????? ?? ???? ???
??????? ???????? 2.39 ???? ????? ??? 0.01?a ???? ?????? 1.69 ???? ?????? F ???????? 371.86 ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 7.08 ???? ????? ??? 0.01?a
???? ?????? 1.69 ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ( ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? 75 ????? (???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? % 25 ?? %
??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????
. ( ???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ? ( ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ???????
:??????? ??????? ???????
H4a ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? : ) ??? a=0.01 .???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? (
?????? ?????? ????? (???????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? Beta ???? ?????? T ???????? 13.41 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??
??????? ???????? 2.39 ???? ????? ??? (0.01? ?) ???? ?????? 1.69 ???? ?????? F ???????? 269.84 ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 7.08 ???? ????? ??? . (0.01?
?) ?????? ???? 1.69 ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????) ????? (?????? ? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 75.5 ????? ) ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? (
27.5 ????? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? % ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
??? ???? .?????? ??????? ?? ( ?????? ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ??????? ????
6 ????????? ???????.
6.1 ???????
??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? :
? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ????(? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? .???????
??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? . ????????? ???????
(? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????????
??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? . ??????
????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? (? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????
??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??
.???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????
??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? (? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????
?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????
????????? ?????????? .( ????? ) ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??
?? ????????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ( ? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ? 0.785 ???? ??? 0.215
.???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??
.??????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????(?
???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????(? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??? ???
.??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????
??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????(? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??
????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????
??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??
???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? .????????
???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????(? F ? T ??????? ?? (???????? ?????? ?????) ???? ( ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ? ????? ??????????? ) ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????
. ??????? ????
??? ??????? ??? ??? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????(? .???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????
18 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????(? ??? ??????? ???? .??????? ?
??????? ?????(? .??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??
6.2 ????????
?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????
: ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
- ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???
.??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????
- ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ? . ?
- ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???
.??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????
- ? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?
.?????? ??? ??? ??????
- ? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? .???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?
- ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????
??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? .??????? ????????? ?????? ??
:??????
???? 1 - ?????? ?????? ( ????? ????? ) ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? .
?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ( ???? ??????? ) ?????? ?????
1 - 29 ( ???????? ??????? ????????? ) ???????? ????? 0.954
( ??????? ??????????? ) ??????? ??????? 0.784
( ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ????? 0845
( ????????? ??????????? ) ??????? ????? 0865
( ????? ?????????? ) ??????? ????? 0932
( ?????? ????????? ) ??????? ????? 0791
???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? 0915
??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? 0.842
???? 2 - ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? .
??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????
???????
???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????
???????
?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? 3.93 .988 0.786 ?????
??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? 4.11 .652 0.822 ?????
?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? 4.13 .689 0.826 ?????
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? 4.41 .733 0.882 ?????
?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? 4.34 .668 0.868 ?????
????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? 4.84 .371 0.968 ?????
????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? 4.21 .653 .842 ?????
????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ? 4.43 .535 .886 ?????
???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? 4.16 .988 0.832 ?????
???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? 4.52 .652 0.904 ?????
?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? 4.36 .689 0.872 ?????
????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? 4.38 .733 0.876 ?????
??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? 4.30 .668 0.860 ?????
??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ? 4.14 .371 0.828 ?????
????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? 4.34 .653 0.868 ?????
????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? 4.80 .535 0.960 ?????
??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? 3.89 .681 0.778 ?????
??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? 3.86 .645 0.772 ?????
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 19
???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? 3.95 .724 0.790 ?????
????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? 3.38 .865 0.676 ?? ???
?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? 4.23 .426 0.846 ?????
?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? 4.34 .695 0.854 ?????
????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? 4.46 .538 0.892 ?????
????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? 4.25 .79 0.850 ?????
???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????
???????? ??????
3.30 .761 0.660 ?????
??????? ????? ??????? 3.97 .701 0.794 ?????
???? 3 - ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? .
????????? ???????????
???????
????? ?????????? ???????????
?????????
????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????
??????? ??????????? 1
????? ?????????? 0.874 1
????????? ??????????? 0.913 0.650 1
????? ?????????? 0.521 0.698 0.724 1
?????? ?????????? 0.784 0.663 0.784 0.842 1
???????? ?????? 0.823 0.582 0.704 0.676 0.762 1
) ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? 0.01?a .(
???? 4 - ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? .
???????? ??????? VIF Tolerance Skewness
????? ?????????? 1.971 0.732 0.459
????????? ??????????? 2.21 0.452 0.340
????? ?????????? 2.08 0.480 0.711
?????? ?????????? 2.45 0.442 0.521
???? 5 - ??????? ??????? ????? ????? Analysis Of Variance) ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ( .
??????? ????? : ?????? ???????
?????????
???????? ?????????
???? F
????????
???? ?????
F
??????? ?????
R2
??????? ????? R ??????? ????? ???
??????? ??????????? 177.78 0.000 0.725 0.823 ???????? ??????? ?????? ????
????? ????????? 140.86 0.000 0.783 0.582 ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????
????????? ??????????? 168.48 0.000 0.661 0.704 ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????
???? ?????????? ? 187.85 0.000 0.871 0.676 ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????
?????? ?????????? 193.06 0.000 0.693 0.762 ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????
???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???* .(0.01? ?)
???? F ???? ????? ??? ???????? ( 0.01? ? ) ???? ?????? 1.69 = ( 7.08
???? 6 - ) ?????? ??????? ????? ????? Simple Regression Analysis ( ) ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ( ??????? ??????????? .
??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? B0 B1 ??????? ?????
R2
???? T
????????
???? F ???????? ??? ???? ??
T
???? ?????
F
??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? 0.654 0.789 0.725 *73.53 ***275.35 0.000 0.000
??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? 0.780 0.71 089. 129.07 * 207.86 *** 0.000 .000
??????? ??????????
?????????
???? ?????? ????? ???? 0.651 0.85 0.855 164.65 181.84 0.000 0.000
????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? 0.678 0.75 0.833 101.68 371.86 0.000 0.000
?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? 0.762 0.74 0.794 13.41 269.84 0.000 0.000
20 ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21
???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? 0.01>a
- ???? T ???? ????? ??? ???????? 0.01>a
- ???? F ???? ????? ??? ???????? 0.01>a ???? ?????? 69.1 = 3.84
????? ?? ???????
.???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????
2 ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? . . ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??
? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?
1 ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????
2 ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????
3 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?
4 ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????
5 ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
6 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????
7 ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????
8 ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????
9 . ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????
10 ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????
11 ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????
12 ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????
13 ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????
14 ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????
15 ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????
16 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????
17 ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????
18 ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????
19 ??????? ???? . ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????
20 ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
21 ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????
22 ? ????? .????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??????
23 ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
24 ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????
ARAB ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS JOURNAL 10 (2015) 9–21 21
25 ? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????
26 ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
27 ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
28 ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????
29 ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????
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? ??????? . ) 2011 ( . ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? . ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? .
? ??????? . ) 2004 ( . ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? . ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? .????? ?
? ???????? . ) 2002 ( . ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? .??????? ????? ???? ??? : ???????? ??????? ???? ? 14 ) 1 ?( 145 - 163 .
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