Description
TYBMS SEM 6TH
COAL
Coal (from the Old English term col, which has meant
"mineral of fossilized carbon" since the 13th century)
[1]
is
a combustible blac or brownish!blac sedimentary
rocusually occurring in roc strata in layers or "eins
called coal beds or coal seams# $he harder forms, such
as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamor%hic
rocbecause of later e&%osure to ele"ated tem%erature
and %ressure# 'oal is com%osed %rimarily of carbon along
with "ariable (uantities of other elements,
chiefly hydrogen,sulfur, o&ygen, and nitrogen
TYPES OF COAL
1. LIGNITE COAL
Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft brown
combustible sedimentary roc that is formed from
naturally com%ressed %eat# )t is considered the lowest
ran of coaldue to its relati"ely low heat content# )t is
mined
2. CHARCOAL
Charcoal is a light, blac residue, consisting
of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by remo"ing
water and other "olatile constituents
from animal and "egetationsubstances# 'harcoal is
usually %roduced by slow %yrolysis, the heating
of wood or other substances in the absence
of o&ygen (see char and biochar)#
3. ANTHRACITE
Anthracite (*ree ????????? (anthrakítes), ? "coal!lie,"
from ????? (ánthrax), ? coal)
[1]
is a hard, com%act "ariety
of coal that has a high luster# )t has the
highest carboncontent, the fewest im%urities, and the
highest calorific content of all ty%es of coal, which also
include bituminous coal and lignite#
4. COKING COAL
'oe is a solid carbonaceous residue deri"ed from low!
ash, low!sulfur bituminous coal from which the "olatile
constituents are dri"en off by baing in an o"en without
o&ygen at tem%eratures as high as 1,+++ ,' (1,-3. ,/),
so the fi&ed carbon and residual ash are fused together#
0etallurgical coe is used as a fuel and as a reducing
agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace#
[12]
$he result
is %ig iron, and is too rich in dissol"ed carbon, so it must
be treated further to mae steel# $he coing coal should
be low insulfur and %hos%horus, so they do not migrate
to the metal
doc_164144078.docx
TYBMS SEM 6TH
COAL
Coal (from the Old English term col, which has meant
"mineral of fossilized carbon" since the 13th century)
[1]
is
a combustible blac or brownish!blac sedimentary
rocusually occurring in roc strata in layers or "eins
called coal beds or coal seams# $he harder forms, such
as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamor%hic
rocbecause of later e&%osure to ele"ated tem%erature
and %ressure# 'oal is com%osed %rimarily of carbon along
with "ariable (uantities of other elements,
chiefly hydrogen,sulfur, o&ygen, and nitrogen
TYPES OF COAL
1. LIGNITE COAL
Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft brown
combustible sedimentary roc that is formed from
naturally com%ressed %eat# )t is considered the lowest
ran of coaldue to its relati"ely low heat content# )t is
mined
2. CHARCOAL
Charcoal is a light, blac residue, consisting
of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by remo"ing
water and other "olatile constituents
from animal and "egetationsubstances# 'harcoal is
usually %roduced by slow %yrolysis, the heating
of wood or other substances in the absence
of o&ygen (see char and biochar)#
3. ANTHRACITE
Anthracite (*ree ????????? (anthrakítes), ? "coal!lie,"
from ????? (ánthrax), ? coal)
[1]
is a hard, com%act "ariety
of coal that has a high luster# )t has the
highest carboncontent, the fewest im%urities, and the
highest calorific content of all ty%es of coal, which also
include bituminous coal and lignite#
4. COKING COAL
'oe is a solid carbonaceous residue deri"ed from low!
ash, low!sulfur bituminous coal from which the "olatile
constituents are dri"en off by baing in an o"en without
o&ygen at tem%eratures as high as 1,+++ ,' (1,-3. ,/),
so the fi&ed carbon and residual ash are fused together#
0etallurgical coe is used as a fuel and as a reducing
agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace#
[12]
$he result
is %ig iron, and is too rich in dissol"ed carbon, so it must
be treated further to mae steel# $he coing coal should
be low insulfur and %hos%horus, so they do not migrate
to the metal
doc_164144078.docx