Description
Steps taken by management to assure that the cost objectives set down in the planning stage are attained and to assure that all segments of the organization function in a manner consistent with its policies.
COST CONTROL
Cutting costs is the simplest way to improve your bottom line. Introducing a cost control system can bring immediate savings and ensure that you remain competitive in the longer term. But cost control needs to be carefully managed. While eliminating wasteful activities is clearly beneficial, indiscriminate cost cutting can lead to falling quality and poor morale. Large costs that you may be able to change in the short term. Fixed costs (eg longterm fixed rate loans or fixed price contracts for raw materials) are hard to control in the short term. Cost control works best as part of your routine financial management. The first step is to look at your existing costs. Identify your major cost centres. Typically these might be purchasing, production, sales and marketing, financing, administration, premises, facilities management and R&D. • In a hospital , a cost centre is usually the area one manager is responsible for . Identify the major types of cost within each cost centre of hospital . These might include staff costs, raw materials and supplies, utility bills for energy and water, capital expenditure, other purchases. Percent of all production to be wastage, raising unit costs. Budgeted costs may sometimes be lower than standard costs. Systematic cost control Start from business objectives. For example, you might aim to have 80% Bed occupancy rate , or to win ten new customers. What are your quality standards? For example, your customer service standards might require a trained employee to respond to all enquiries within a specified time.
Record your actual costs and compare them with the standard and budgeted costs. It may be appropriate to compare unit costs (cost per unit produced) or total costs (including overheads such as premises). Costs that are higher than your budgeted costs may indicate opportunities to reduce costs in the short term. In general, the larger the cost overrun, the more scope there should be for savings. Costs that are higher than your standard costs usually indicate opportunities to reduce costs in the longer term. Lower costs may indicate good management, but might also reflect quality failings or impending problems.Using a spreadsheet or cost control package, it is easy to record and compare costs on a regular basis (eg monthly). Establish ‘standard costs’ for achieving your objectives. Standard costs are the costs you would have in an ideal world. Periodically review what you are doing and how you are doing it. Benchmarking yourself against other organisations may show that your performance is sub-standard. For example, if your wastage levels are higher than the industry average. Internal review, or input from an external consultancy, may suggest alternatives. For example, standardising components to reduce design and manufacturing costs.
WHO IS INVOLVED? Each cost centre is usually the responsibility of one manager. Some costs can be easier to control if one manager is responsible for that cost throughout the organisation. Choose a supplier that offers the right quality of service. ? A flexible contract which suits you (eg guaranteed prices). ? Added value services such as technical support and energy efficiency advice. ? A supplier with a good track record.
Easy savings Some costs can be reduced with little risk of an adverse impact on quality and performance. Checking supplier invoices may reveal overcharging. Common examples are double billing, incorrect charges and missing discounts. Improve your purchasing. Switch to cheaper suppliers, or negotiate price reductions or higher discounts for early payment. Consolidate purchasing with fewer suppliers to get better discounts. Agree longterm supply contracts or guarantee minimum annual purchase volumes in return for lower prices. Build personal relationships with suppliers to encourage preferential treatment. Simplify purchasing procedures to reduce your costs, and those of your suppliers. Form strategic buying alliances (eg purchasing consortia) with businesses in your area or trade to buy larger volumes. Give individual employees purchasing limits to reduce administration and ask your bank about purchasing cards. Eliminate unnecessary costs. Get rid of obvious overcapacity (eg unused telephone lines). Cut out blatant waste (eg heating premises at night, or with windows open). Scrap useless processes (eg paperwork that is completed, filed and forgotten). Crack down on excessive costs. Find alternatives to high priced suppliers, or negotiate discounts. Avoid overspecifying (eg high-quality components for a low-quality product). Ban wasteful luxuries (eg full-fare business class flights). Cutting back on items employees see as ‘benefits’ or ‘perks of the job’ needs careful handling. Find ways to make production more efficient. Trim back your product range and increase production runs. Use standard components to lower design, purchasing and manufacturing costs. Change processes to minimise wastage of raw materials and energy. Improve quality control to cut rejection rates and reworking costs. Root out inefficiency.
Identify manual, paper-based systems that could be replaced by computers. Avoid frequent small orders. They waste time and may mean you lose discounts. Consider switching to single monthly invoicing to cut processing and admin costs. Review your finances. Finance fixed requirements using loans, instead of overdrafts. Reduce unnecessary overdraft and loan facilities. Cut back on working capital through better credit control and agreeing longer payment term. Opportunities Effective use of a systematic approach will highlight opportunities to control costs with little risk. In some cases, there will be easy savings
Directors’ Briefing • suppliers. (See Credit control.) Apply for grants and subsidised loans. Driven by cost-cutting considerations are unlikely to be responsive to customer requirements. Tighter control of financing may leave you with no safety margin when cashflow is unexpectedly poor. Cutting short-term ‘investment’ costs (eg training, advertising, equipment or new product development) can lead to longterm weakness. Attempting to control unalterable costs is itself a wasteful process. (See Managing your cashflow.)
Get the most out of your premises. Introduce homeworking or hot desking to cut space requirements (and travel costs). Reconfigure existing premises and work flows to minimise wasted time and space. Sub-let spare space. Control utility costs.
Cut the cost of communications. Use email whenever possible. Use the corporate intranet to reduce duplication of information and unnecessary meetings. Use cheaper telecoms facilities (eg alternative suppliers, leased lines). Further help There are other Directors’ Briefing titles that can help you. These briefings are referred to in the text by name. Consultants External consultants can offer an advantage over purely internal cost control. Consultants may have up-to-date, specialist knowledge. For example, they may be acquainted with up-to-date benchmarks for your industry and current market conditions for utilities and other suppliers. A consultant’s thinking may be able to avoid being influenced by vested interests and historical preferences within your company. 6 Pitfalls Reducing costs can be damaging. Before making changes, check that your standards will not be compromised and that your ability to meet objectives will not be harmed. 6.1 Reducing costs which directly impact on employees is fraught with difficulty. • Employees are not machines. The work performance suggested by time and motion studies is unlikely to reflect people’s actual behaviour. Reducing costs
such as training and meeting times is often counterproductive in the longer term. Introducing improved procedures can be difficult and expensive. Employees may be resistant to change, and may need extra training. Poor conditions, pay and benefits will not attract and retain good employees. Changing an existing employee’s terms and conditions, to the employee’s detr iment, can be a breach of contract. Making employees redundant brings short-term costs and the risk of possible employment tribunal proceedings. It may also damage morale among those who remain.
Select a consultant carefully. Look for membership of an established and appropriate professional body, with a published code of conduct. For example, the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply (01780 756777; www.cips.org). Check references and look for evidence of a good track record, working with businesses comparable to yours. Find out about the consultant’s financial standing and check that there is indemnity insurance cover in place. © Business Hotline Publications Ltd 2005. ISSN 1369-1996. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted without the written permission of the publisher. This publication is for general guidance only. The publisher, expert contributors and distributor disclaim all liability for any errors or omissions. Consult your local business support organisation or your professional adviser for help and advice.
Negotiate a clear, written contract. Agree what you will pay. If fees are to be based on a percentage of savings, agree how these savings will be calculated. Arrange when you will pay. Avoid having to make upfront payments, before you can see the results of a consultant’s work. Insist that the consultant signs a formal confidentiality agreement. Almost every cost saving has a potential downside. For example: Over-dependence on one supplier puts you at risk if the supplier fails. Production and marketing plans that are • Published by Business Hotline Publications Ltd, 240a Lavender Hill, London SW11 1LE Tel: 020 7924 1137, www.businesshotlinepublications.co.uk
doc_164152698.docx
Steps taken by management to assure that the cost objectives set down in the planning stage are attained and to assure that all segments of the organization function in a manner consistent with its policies.
COST CONTROL
Cutting costs is the simplest way to improve your bottom line. Introducing a cost control system can bring immediate savings and ensure that you remain competitive in the longer term. But cost control needs to be carefully managed. While eliminating wasteful activities is clearly beneficial, indiscriminate cost cutting can lead to falling quality and poor morale. Large costs that you may be able to change in the short term. Fixed costs (eg longterm fixed rate loans or fixed price contracts for raw materials) are hard to control in the short term. Cost control works best as part of your routine financial management. The first step is to look at your existing costs. Identify your major cost centres. Typically these might be purchasing, production, sales and marketing, financing, administration, premises, facilities management and R&D. • In a hospital , a cost centre is usually the area one manager is responsible for . Identify the major types of cost within each cost centre of hospital . These might include staff costs, raw materials and supplies, utility bills for energy and water, capital expenditure, other purchases. Percent of all production to be wastage, raising unit costs. Budgeted costs may sometimes be lower than standard costs. Systematic cost control Start from business objectives. For example, you might aim to have 80% Bed occupancy rate , or to win ten new customers. What are your quality standards? For example, your customer service standards might require a trained employee to respond to all enquiries within a specified time.
Record your actual costs and compare them with the standard and budgeted costs. It may be appropriate to compare unit costs (cost per unit produced) or total costs (including overheads such as premises). Costs that are higher than your budgeted costs may indicate opportunities to reduce costs in the short term. In general, the larger the cost overrun, the more scope there should be for savings. Costs that are higher than your standard costs usually indicate opportunities to reduce costs in the longer term. Lower costs may indicate good management, but might also reflect quality failings or impending problems.Using a spreadsheet or cost control package, it is easy to record and compare costs on a regular basis (eg monthly). Establish ‘standard costs’ for achieving your objectives. Standard costs are the costs you would have in an ideal world. Periodically review what you are doing and how you are doing it. Benchmarking yourself against other organisations may show that your performance is sub-standard. For example, if your wastage levels are higher than the industry average. Internal review, or input from an external consultancy, may suggest alternatives. For example, standardising components to reduce design and manufacturing costs.
WHO IS INVOLVED? Each cost centre is usually the responsibility of one manager. Some costs can be easier to control if one manager is responsible for that cost throughout the organisation. Choose a supplier that offers the right quality of service. ? A flexible contract which suits you (eg guaranteed prices). ? Added value services such as technical support and energy efficiency advice. ? A supplier with a good track record.
Easy savings Some costs can be reduced with little risk of an adverse impact on quality and performance. Checking supplier invoices may reveal overcharging. Common examples are double billing, incorrect charges and missing discounts. Improve your purchasing. Switch to cheaper suppliers, or negotiate price reductions or higher discounts for early payment. Consolidate purchasing with fewer suppliers to get better discounts. Agree longterm supply contracts or guarantee minimum annual purchase volumes in return for lower prices. Build personal relationships with suppliers to encourage preferential treatment. Simplify purchasing procedures to reduce your costs, and those of your suppliers. Form strategic buying alliances (eg purchasing consortia) with businesses in your area or trade to buy larger volumes. Give individual employees purchasing limits to reduce administration and ask your bank about purchasing cards. Eliminate unnecessary costs. Get rid of obvious overcapacity (eg unused telephone lines). Cut out blatant waste (eg heating premises at night, or with windows open). Scrap useless processes (eg paperwork that is completed, filed and forgotten). Crack down on excessive costs. Find alternatives to high priced suppliers, or negotiate discounts. Avoid overspecifying (eg high-quality components for a low-quality product). Ban wasteful luxuries (eg full-fare business class flights). Cutting back on items employees see as ‘benefits’ or ‘perks of the job’ needs careful handling. Find ways to make production more efficient. Trim back your product range and increase production runs. Use standard components to lower design, purchasing and manufacturing costs. Change processes to minimise wastage of raw materials and energy. Improve quality control to cut rejection rates and reworking costs. Root out inefficiency.
Identify manual, paper-based systems that could be replaced by computers. Avoid frequent small orders. They waste time and may mean you lose discounts. Consider switching to single monthly invoicing to cut processing and admin costs. Review your finances. Finance fixed requirements using loans, instead of overdrafts. Reduce unnecessary overdraft and loan facilities. Cut back on working capital through better credit control and agreeing longer payment term. Opportunities Effective use of a systematic approach will highlight opportunities to control costs with little risk. In some cases, there will be easy savings
Directors’ Briefing • suppliers. (See Credit control.) Apply for grants and subsidised loans. Driven by cost-cutting considerations are unlikely to be responsive to customer requirements. Tighter control of financing may leave you with no safety margin when cashflow is unexpectedly poor. Cutting short-term ‘investment’ costs (eg training, advertising, equipment or new product development) can lead to longterm weakness. Attempting to control unalterable costs is itself a wasteful process. (See Managing your cashflow.)
Get the most out of your premises. Introduce homeworking or hot desking to cut space requirements (and travel costs). Reconfigure existing premises and work flows to minimise wasted time and space. Sub-let spare space. Control utility costs.
Cut the cost of communications. Use email whenever possible. Use the corporate intranet to reduce duplication of information and unnecessary meetings. Use cheaper telecoms facilities (eg alternative suppliers, leased lines). Further help There are other Directors’ Briefing titles that can help you. These briefings are referred to in the text by name. Consultants External consultants can offer an advantage over purely internal cost control. Consultants may have up-to-date, specialist knowledge. For example, they may be acquainted with up-to-date benchmarks for your industry and current market conditions for utilities and other suppliers. A consultant’s thinking may be able to avoid being influenced by vested interests and historical preferences within your company. 6 Pitfalls Reducing costs can be damaging. Before making changes, check that your standards will not be compromised and that your ability to meet objectives will not be harmed. 6.1 Reducing costs which directly impact on employees is fraught with difficulty. • Employees are not machines. The work performance suggested by time and motion studies is unlikely to reflect people’s actual behaviour. Reducing costs
such as training and meeting times is often counterproductive in the longer term. Introducing improved procedures can be difficult and expensive. Employees may be resistant to change, and may need extra training. Poor conditions, pay and benefits will not attract and retain good employees. Changing an existing employee’s terms and conditions, to the employee’s detr iment, can be a breach of contract. Making employees redundant brings short-term costs and the risk of possible employment tribunal proceedings. It may also damage morale among those who remain.
Select a consultant carefully. Look for membership of an established and appropriate professional body, with a published code of conduct. For example, the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply (01780 756777; www.cips.org). Check references and look for evidence of a good track record, working with businesses comparable to yours. Find out about the consultant’s financial standing and check that there is indemnity insurance cover in place. © Business Hotline Publications Ltd 2005. ISSN 1369-1996. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted without the written permission of the publisher. This publication is for general guidance only. The publisher, expert contributors and distributor disclaim all liability for any errors or omissions. Consult your local business support organisation or your professional adviser for help and advice.
Negotiate a clear, written contract. Agree what you will pay. If fees are to be based on a percentage of savings, agree how these savings will be calculated. Arrange when you will pay. Avoid having to make upfront payments, before you can see the results of a consultant’s work. Insist that the consultant signs a formal confidentiality agreement. Almost every cost saving has a potential downside. For example: Over-dependence on one supplier puts you at risk if the supplier fails. Production and marketing plans that are • Published by Business Hotline Publications Ltd, 240a Lavender Hill, London SW11 1LE Tel: 020 7924 1137, www.businesshotlinepublications.co.uk
doc_164152698.docx