Project report on Labour Welfare Pratices

1. INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC

The study is all about to providing labour welfare facilities to the worker. It includes labour are satisfied with the company or not. Company can fulfill all the demands of the workers regarding welfare measures. And help to maintain harmonious relation between labour and management. In labour welfare includes washing facility, facilities for storing & drying clothing‘s, facilities for sitting, first aid appliance, canteens, shelters, restrooms lunchrooms, crèches etc.

1.1 REASON FOR SELECTING THE TOPIC:
To know which Labour welfare activity provide to the employees to satisfying their needs. To know which welfare facilities provided by JCB INDIA LTD to Employee. To how to maintain relation through labour welfare facilities. To which labour welfare facilities as per factory act.

Meaning of Labour Welfare:
?Labour welfare means anything done for the comfort and improvement, intellectual and social, of the employees over and above the wages paid which is not a necessity of the Industry? According to Industrial Labour Organisation (ILO) ?Labour welfare may be understood and including such services facilities and amenities which may be established in vicinity of undertaking to perform their work in healthy and congenial environment and to avail of facilities which improve their health and bring high morale.?

1.2. SCOPE OF LABOUR WELFARE
Scope of Labour Welfare is very broad; however we have tried to include some main aspects of it. The following list of labour welfare scope is not exhaustive. 1.2.1. Working Environment Favorable working environment enhances efficiency of workers and includes proper illumination, safety, temperature, ventilation, sanitation, cleanliness and canteen facilities. Workplace sanitation and cleanliness is very important for making workplace favorable to workers. Following points should be considered to make workplace favorable to workers. 1. Proper ventilation, lighting, temperature, cleanliness, seating arrangements etc. Proper safety measures for workers should be there. 2. Sufficient urinals, lavatories and bathing facilities should be provided and cleaned regularly. 3. Proper gardening and cleanliness of open spaces. 4. Pure drinking water should be provided. 5. Subsidized canteen services should be provided. 1

1.2.2Health facilities
Health center should be provided within factory. Ambulance service should be provided within factory in case of any emergency. Free medical checkup of workers and health and diet counseling of workers. Availability of Doctor inside the factory for emergency. Women and child welfare work. Recreation facilities inside the organization Education and library services

1.2.3 General welfare programs
Housing facilities for workers Family case work and counseling

1.2.4 Economic welfare programs
Subsidized consumer goods including grains, vegetables, milk, oil and other daily requirements. Banking services and credit facilities. Health insurance schemes Bonus and profit sharing schemes. Transportation services in factory

1.2.5 Labour welfare programs
Factory council and labour arbitration council.

1.3 PRINCIPLES OF LABOUR WELFARE
Social welfare departments Welfare activities will be carried out at all levels in the organization. It will be provided over and above regular wages. Adequate and full co-operation shall be provided from management level. Periodic assessment of labour welfare measures is essential. It shall emphasize on physical, mental, moral and emotional wellbeing of employees. It can be a social concept which relates to welfare of employees, their families and community as a whole.

1.4. OBJECTIVE IMPORTANCE OF LABOUR WELFARE
Several objectives& Importance of Labour welfare are mentioned below: Labour welfare provides social comfort to employees. It provides intellectual improvement of employees. To develop sense of responsibility and belongingness among employees. To ensures that the working conditions for employees are of higher standard. To build stable work force. To reduce absenteeism and labour turnover. To make employees lives good and worth living. To boost productivity and efficiency at the workplace. To provide healthy and proper working conditions. To ensure wellbeing of employees and families.

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1.5. THE IMPORTANT BENEFITS OF WELFARE MEASURES CAN BE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS:
They provide better physical and mental health to workers and thus promote a healthy work environment Facilities like housing schemes, medical benefits, education and recreation facilities for workers‘ families help in raising their standards of living. This makes workers to pay more attention towards work and thus increases their productivity. Employers get stable labor force by providing welfare facilities. Workers take active interest in their jobs and work with a feeling of involvement and participation. Employee welfare measures increase the productivity of organization and promote healthy industrial relations thereby maintaining industrial peace.

1.6. MEANING OF LABOUR WELFARE
?Labour welfare means the effort to make life worth living for workman ? Welfare includes anything that is done for the comfort and improvement of employees and is provided over and above the wages. Welfare helps in keeping the morale & motivation of the employees high to retain the employees for longer duration. The welfare measures need not be in monetary terms only but in any kind forms. Employee welfare includes monitoring of working condition, creation of industrial harmony through infrastructure for health, industrial relations, and insurance against disease, accident, and unemployment for the workers and their families. Labour welfare entails all those activities of employer, which are directed towards providing the employees with certain facilities and services in addition to wages or salaries. The concept of labour welfare is flexible and elastic and differs widely with times; regions industry, country, social values, and customs, degree of industrialization and urbanization have made employees dependent on capitalists. In such a situation labour welfare facilities enable workers to live a richer and more satisfactory life. Labour welfare implies the services, facilities, and amenities provided to workers within or outside the establishment for their physical, mental and social wellbeing.

1.7. Definition of labour welfare:In the words of Arthur Jamestodd ?Labour welfare means anything done for the comfort and improvement, intellectual and social, of the employees over and above the wages paid which is not a necessity of the industry? ILO Defined Labour Welfare as:?Such services, facilities, and amenities as adequate canteens rest and recreational facilities, arrangements for travel to and from work and for the accommodation of workers employed at a distance from their house, and such other services, amenities and facilities as contribute to improve the conditions under which workers are employed. “Labour Welfare means the effort to make life worth living for workmen”

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1.8. LABOR WELFARE HAS THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES:
1. To provide better life and health to the workers 2. To make the workers happy and satisfied 3. To relieve workers from industrial fatigue and to improve intellectual, cultural and material conditions of living of the workers. 4. To win over employees’ loyalty and increase their morale. 5. To fight with trade unionism and socialistic ideas. 6. To build out stable labour force to reduce labour ideas. 7. To improve the efficiency and productivity among workers. 8. To create sense of sincerity and responsibility among each employee. 9. To maintain and enhance industrial peace and productivity. 10. To provide proper working conditions so that they can work comfortably.

1.9. THE BASIC FEATURES OF LABOR WELFARE MEASURES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Labor welfare includes various facilities, services and amenities provided to workers for improving their health, efficiency, economic betterment and social status. Welfare measures are in addition to regular wages and other economic benefits available to workers due to legal provisions and collective bargaining Labor welfare schemes are flexible and ever changing. New welfare measures are added to the existing ones from time to time. Welfare measures may be introduced by the employers, government, employees or by any social or charitable agency. The purpose of labor welfare is to bring about the development of the whole personality of the workers to make a better workforce. The very logic behind providing welfare schemes is to create efficient, healthy, loyal, and satisfied labor force for the organization. The purpose of providing such facilities is to make their work life better and also to raise their standard of living.

1.10. PRINCIPLES OF LABOUR WELFARE
The following are some of the principles to be kept in mind for successful implementation of any welfare program in an organization 1. The labour welfare activities should pervade the entire hierarchy of an org. Management should be welfare oriented at every level 2. The employers should not bargain labour welfare as a substitute for wages or monetary Incentive. 3. The employers should look after the welfare of his employees as a matter of social Obligation 4. There should be proper coordination, harmony, and integration of all labour welfare Services in an undertaking 5. The labour welfare work of an org. must be administratively valve and essentially Development oriented Most of time; Indian entrepreneurs brand Indian Labour as lazy, inefficient and least productive. ?One of the major determinants of the productivity is the 4

quality and quality of labour?. Quality of labour depends primarily upon its health and nutrition, literacy and social values and customs. Poor diets and because of unsanitary conditions, inadequate disease prevention and lack of medicines and medical care, they have an adverse bearing on their efficiency.

1.11. EMPLOYEE WELFARE SCHEMES
Organizations provide welfare facilities to their employees to keep their motivation levels high. The employee welfare schemes can be classified into two categories viz. statutory and non-statutory welfare schemes. The statutory schemes are those schemes that are compulsory to provide by an organization as compliance to the laws governing employee health and safety. These include provisions provided in industrial acts like Factories Act 1948, Dock Workers Act (safety, health and welfare) 1986, Mines Act 1962. The non-statutory schemes differ from organization to organization and from industry to industry.

1.12. STATUTORY WELFARE SCHEMES:The statutory welfare schemes include the following provisions: Drinking Water: At all the working places safe hygienic drinking water should be provided. Facilities for sitting: In every organization, especially factories, suitable seating arrangements are to be provided. First aid appliances: First aid appliances are to be provided and should be readily assessable so that in case of any minor accident initial medication can be provided to the needed employee. Latrines and Urinals: A sufficient number of latrines and urinals are to be provided in the office and factory premises and are also to be maintained in a neat and clean condition. Canteen facilities: Cafeteria or canteens are to be provided by the employer to provide hygienic and nutritious food to the employees. Spittoons: In every work place, such as ware houses, store places, in the dock area and office premises spittoons are to be provided in convenient places and same are to be maintained in a hygienic condition. Lighting: Proper and sufficient lights are to be provided for employees so that they can work safely during the night shifts. Washing places: Adequate washing places such as bathrooms, wash basins with tap and tap on the stand pipe are provided in the port area in the vicinity of the work places. Changing rooms: Adequate changing rooms are to be provided for workers to change their cloth in the factory area and office premises. Adequate lockers are also provided to the workers to keep their clothes and belongings. Rest rooms: Adequate numbers of restrooms are provided to the workers with provisions of water supply, washbasins, toilets, bathrooms, etc.

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1.13 NON- STATUTORY SCHEMES:Many non-statutory welfare schemes may include the following schemes: Personal Health Care (Regular medical check-ups): Some of the companies provide the facility for extensive health check-up Flexi-time: The main objective of the flextime policy is to provide opportunity to employees to work with flexible working schedules. Flexible work schedules are initiated by employees and approved by management to meet business commitments while supporting employee personal life needs Employee Assistance Programs: Various assistant programs are arranged like external counseling service so that employees or members of their immediate family can get counseling on various matters. Harassment Policy: To protect an employee from harassments of any kind, guidelines are provided for proper action and also for protecting the aggrieved employee. Maternity & Adoption Leave – Employees can avail maternity or adoption leaves. Various companies have also introduced paternity leave policies. Medic-claim Insurance Scheme: This insurance scheme provides adequate insurance coverage of employees for expenses related to hospitalization due to illness, disease or injury or pregnancy. Employee Referral Scheme: In several companies, employee referral scheme is implemented to encourage employees to refer friends and relatives for employment in the organization.

1.14. THEORIES OF LABOUR WELFARE 1.14.1 The police theory
This theory assumes that man is selfish by nature. Therefore, an employer will leave no stone unturned to exploit the labour, if he is not forced to introduce some welfare measures. This theory thus leads to enactment of various labour welfare laws, periodical supervision to ascertain that the laws are implemented, and punishment to the employers who do not obey the laws. In this theory the main emphasis is on the fear and not on the spirit of labour welfare which perhaps is the most important factor.. .....

1.14.2. The Religious theory..........................
........................................................................................... Here the employer is concerned primarily with his own welfare because he introduces labour welfare measures either as an investment for attainment of good in his life or next or as atonement for his sins.... .................................................................................................................

1.14.3. The Philanthropic Theory...
......According to this theory, man‘s love for mankind is the guiding factor of labour welfare.

1.14.4. The Trusteeship Theory
This theory has a paternalistic approach. Here employer has a moral responsibility to look after the interests of their wards who are the workers. Therefore, labour welfare measures are the outcome of moral responsibility

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1.14.5. The Placating Theory
It is believed that the labour groups are becoming more and more demanding and aware of their rights. Therefore, their demands cannot be ignored. According to this theory, timely and periodical acts of labour welfare can appease the workers. These are some kind of pacifiers which come with a frequent gesture. Sincerity may lack in these programmes though this content can be bought-off in this manner... .............................................................................

1.14.6. The Public Relations Theory
As per this theory, labour welfare programmes work as a sort of advertisement and help the industrialists to build up good and healthy public relations..................... ..........................

1.14.7. The Functional Theory
Here labour welfare is introduced to secure, preserve and develop the efficiency and productivity of labour. This theory is a reflection of contemporary support for labour welfare.

1.15. THE BOMBAY LABOUR WELFARE FUND ACT
The adoption of Bombay Labour Welfare Act, 1953 is but a most important measure since its activities not only give benefits to the workers but also to their families and dependents. The workers of Gujarat are, are, therefore, fortunate that such measures are statutorily available to them through a Statutory Body. The Bombay Labour Welfare Fund Act 1953 passed by the then Bombay Government and brought into force with effect from 24th June 1953. It was enforced only into 6 towns of Gujarat area which were then in Bombay State. The purpose of the Act is to provide for the Constitution of a Fund for the financing of activities to promote welfare of labour in the State of Gujarat and for conducting such welfare activities. After the formation of Gujarat State, certain amendments were made in the light of the judgment of the Supreme Court and the amended Act was brought into force with effect from 1-7-62 in the said 6 towns and with effect from 1-10-62 in the other areas of the State. The Act inter-alia provides the construction of the Fund called the Labour Welfare Fund in which the following sums held by the "Establishments" (Registered factories including Government factories, motor omnibus service and any society and establishment employing 10 or more persons. (1) All fines realized from employees (2) All unpaid accumulations. (3) Any voluntary donations. (4) Labour Welfare Fund of an Est. Transferred to the Board to continue activities conducted by that Est. (5) Public borrowing. (6) Tripartite contribution from Employees, Employees, Employers, and State Government.

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1.16. THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948 The First Factories Act in India was passed in 1881. It was designed primarily to protect children and to provide for some health and safety measures. It was followed by new acts in 1891, 1911, 1922 and 1934. It was felt that in view of the large and growing industrial activities in the country a radical overhauling on the law relating to factories was necessary. Hence, the Factories Act of 1948 came into existence. The act makes detailed provisions regarding health, safety and welfare of workers, working hours of adults, employment of young person‘s which include children and adolescents, annual leave with wages and so on

1.16.1 OBJECT OF THE ACT This act is a piece of social welfare legislation. It governs working condition of workmen in factories. It deals mainly withHealth, Welfare and Safety of Workmen Working hours & Annual Leave with wages Employment of women and young persons.

1.16.2 HEALTH

SEC. 11. CLEANLINESS
(1) Every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvia arising from any drain, privy or other nuisance, and in particular (a) Accumulation of dirt and refuse shall be removed daily by sweeping or by any other Effective method from the floors and benches of workrooms and from staircases and passages, and disposed of in a suitable manner; (b) The floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least once in every week by washing, using disinfectant, where necessary, or by some other effective method; (c) Where a floor is liable to become wet in the course of any manufacturing process to such extent as is capable of being drained, effective means of drainage shall be provided and maintained; (d) All inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops of rooms and all walls, sides and tops of passages and staircases shall Where they are painted otherwise than with washable water-paint or varnished, be repainted or re-varnished at least once in every period of five years;

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Where they are painted or varnished or where they have smooth impervious surfaces, be cleaned at least once in every period of fourteen months by such method as may be prescribed In any other case, be kept whitewashed or color-washed, and the whitewashing or Color washing shall be carried out at least once in every period of fourteen months; (e) The dates on which the processes required by clause (d) are carried out shall be entered in the prescribed register. 12. DISPOSAL OF WASTES AND EFFLUENTS. Effective arrangements shall be made in every factory for the treatment of wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process carried on therein, to render them innocuous and for their disposal. (1) The State Government may make rules prescribing the arrangements to be made under sub section (2) shall be approved by such authority as may be prescribed.

13. VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE. (1) Effective and suitable provision shall be made in every factory for securing and maintaining In every workroom(a) Adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air, and (b) Such a temperature as will secure to workers therein reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health;- and in particular,Walls and roofs shall be of such material and so designed that such temperature shall not be exceeded but kept as low as practicable; Where the nature of the work carried on in the factory involves, or is likely to involve, the production of excessively high temperatures, such adequate measures as are practicable shall be taken to protect the workers there from, by separating the process, which produces such temperatures from the workroom, by insulating the hot parts or by other effective means. (2) The State Government may prescribe a standard of adequate ventilation and reasonable temperature for any factory or class or description of factories or parts thereof and direct that proper measuring instruments, at such places and in such position as may be specified, shall be provided and such records, as may be prescribed, shall be maintained. If it appears to the Chief Inspector that excessively high temperatures in any factory can be reduced by the adoption of suitable measures, he may, without prejudice to the rules made under subsection (2), serve on the occupier, an order in writing specifying the measures which, in his opinion, should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before a specified date.

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14. DUST AND FUME. (1) In every factory in which, by reason of the manufacturing process carried on, there is given off any dust or fume or other impurity of such a nature and to such an extent as is likely to be injurious or offensive to the workers employed therein, or any dust in substantial quantities, effective measures shall be taken to prevent its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom, and if any exhaust appliance is necessary for this purpose, it shall be applied as near as possible to the point of origin of the dust, fume or other impurity, and such point shall be enclosed so far as possible. (2) In any factory no stationary internal combustion engine shall be operated unless the exhaust is conducted into the open air, and no other internal combustion engine shall be operated in any room unless effective measures have been taken to prevent such accumulation of fumes there from as are likely to be injurious to workers employed in the room. 15. ARTIFICIAL HUMIDIFICATION. (1) In respect of all factories in which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the State Government may make rules,(a) Prescribing standards of humidification; (b) Regulating the methods used for artificially increasing the humidity of the air; (c) Directing prescribed tests for determining the humidity of the air to be correctly carried out and recorded; (d) Prescribing methods to be adopted for securing adequate ventilation and cooling of the air in the workrooms. (2) In any factory in which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the water used for the Purpose shall be taken from a public supply, or other source of drinking water, or shall be effectively purified before it is so used. (3) If it appears to an Inspector that the water used in a factory for increasing humidity is required to be effectively purified under sub-section (2) is not effectively purified he may serve on the manager of the factory an order in writing, specifying the measures which in his opinion should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before specified date. 16. OVERCROWDING. (1) No room in any factory shall be overcrowded to an extent injurious to the health of the Workers employed therein. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (1), there shall be in every workroom of factory in existence on the date of the commencement of this Act at least 9.9 cubic meters and of a factory built after the commencement of this Act at least 14.2 cubic meters of space for every worker employed therein, and for the purposes of this sub-section no account shall be taken of any space which is more than 4.2 meters above the level of the floor of the room.

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(3) If the Chief Inspector by order in writing so requires, there shall be posted in each Workroom of a factory a notice specifying the maximum number of workers, who may, in compliance with the provisions of this section, be employed in the room. (4) The chief Inspector may by order in writing exempt, subject to such conditions, if any, as he may think fit to impose, any workroom from the provisions of this section, if he is satisfied, that compliance therewith in respect of the rooms is unnecessary in the interest of the health of the workers employed therein. 17. LIGHTING. (1) In every part of a factory where workers are working or passing there shall be provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or artificial, or both. (2) In every factory all glazed windows and skylights used for the lighting of the workrooms shall be kept clean on both the inner outer surfaces and, so far as compliance with the provisions of any rules made under sub-section (3) of section 13 will allow, free from obstruction. (3) In every factory effective provision shall, so far as is practicable, be made for the prevention of(a) glare, either directly from a source of light or by reflection from a smooth or polished Surface; (b) The formation of shadows to such an extent as to cause eyestrain or the risk of accident to any worker. (4) The State Government may prescribe standards of sufficient and suitable lighting for Factories or for any class of description of factories or for any manufacturing process. 18. DRINKING WATER. (1) In every factory effective arrangements shall be made to provide and maintain at suitable points conveniently situated for all workers employed therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water. (2) All such points shall be legibly marked "drinking water" in a language understood by majority of the workers employed in the factory, and no such point shall be situated within six meters of any washing place, urinal, latrine, spittoon, open drain carrying silage or effluent or any other source of contamination] unless a shorter distance is approved in writing by the Chief Inspector. (3) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed, Provision shall be made for cooling drinking water during hot weather by effective means and for distribution thereof. (4) In respect of all factories or any class or description of factories the State Government may make rules for securing compliance with the provisions of sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) and for the examination by prescribed authorities of the supply and distribution of drinking water in factories. 11

19. LATRINES AND URINALS. (1) In every factory— (a) Sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of prescribed types shall be provided Conveniently, situated and accessible to workers at all times while they at the factory. (b) Separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided for male and female workers ; (c) Such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and ventilated, and no latrine or urinal shall, unless specially exempted in writing by the Chief Inspector, communicate with any workroom except through an intervening open space or ventilated passage; (d) All such accommodation shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition at all times; (e) Sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty it would be to keep clean latrines, urinals in addition, washing places. (2) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed(a) All latrine and urinal accommodation shall be of prescribed sanitary types; (b) The floors and internal walls, up to a height of 2* [ninety continents] of the latrines and urinals and the sanitary blocks shall be laid in glazed tiles or otherwise finished to provide a smooth polished impervious surface; (3) The State Government may prescribe the number of latrines and urinals to be provided in any factory in proportion to the numbers of male and female workers ordinarily employed therein, and provide for such further matters in respect of sanitation in factories, including the obligation of workers in this regard, as it considers necessary in the interest of the health of the workers employed therein. 20. SPITTOONS. (1) In every factory there shall be provided a sufficient number of spittoons in convenient Places and they shall be maintained in a clean and hygienic condition. (2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the type and the number of spittoons to be provided and their location in any factory and provide for such further matters relating to their maintenance in a clean and hygienic condition. (3) No person shall spit within the premises of a factory except in the spittoons provided for the purposes and a notice containing this provision and the penalty for its violation shall be prominently displayed at suitable places in the premises

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1.17. WELFARE
42. WASHING FACILITIES.
(1) In every factory-(a) Adequate and suitable facilities for washing shall be provided and maintained for the use of the workers therein; (b) Separate and adequately screened facilities shall be provided for the use of male and female workers; (c) Such facilities shall be conveniently accessible and shall be kept clean. (2) The State Government may, in respect of any factory or class or description of factories or of any manufacturing process, prescribe standards of adequate and suitable facilities for washing. 43. FACILITIES FOR STORING AND DRYING CLOTHING. The State Government may, in respect of any factory, class, or description of factories, make rules requiring the provision therein of suitable places for keeping clothing not worn during working hours and for the drying of wet clothing. 44. FACILITIES FOR SITTING. (1) In every factory suitable arrangements for sitting shall be provided and maintained for all workers obliged to work in a standing position, in order that they may take advantage of any opportunities for rest, which may occur in the course of their work. (2) If, in, the opinion of the Chief Inspector, the workers in any factory engaged in a particular manufacturing process or working in a particular room are able to do their work efficiently in a sitting position, he may, by order in writing, require the occupier of the factory to provide before a specified date such seating arrangements as may be practicable for all workers so engaged or working. (3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare that the Provisions of sub-section (1) shall not apply to any specified factory, class, or description of factories or to any specified manufacturing process. 45. FIRST-AID APPLIANCES. There shall in every factory be provided and maintained so as to be readily accessible during all working hours first-aid boxes or cupboards equipped with the prescribed contents, and the number of such boxes or cupboards to be provided and maintained shall not be less than one for every one hundred and fifty workers ordinarily employed 1*[at any one time] in the factory. (2) Nothing except the prescribed contents shall be kept in a first-aid box or cupboard. (3) Each first-aid box or cupboard shall be kept in the charge of a separate responsible person who holds a certificate in first-aid treatment recognized by the State Government and who shall always be readily available during the working hours of the factory? 13

(4) In every factory wherein more than five hundred workers are ordinarily employed there shall be provided and maintained an ambulance room of the prescribed size, containing the prescribed equipment and in the charge of such medical and nursing staff as may be prescribed and those facilities shall always be made readily available during the working hours of the factory. 46. CANTEENS. (1) The State Government may make rules requiring that in any specified factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed, a canteen or canteens shall be provided and maintained by the occupier for the use of the workers. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for— (a) The date by which such canteen shall be provided; (b) The standards in respect of construction, accommodation, furniture and other equipment of the canteen; (c) The foodstuffs to be served therein and the charges, which may be made therefore; (d) The constitution of a managing committee for the canteen and representation of the workers in the management of the canteen (e) The delegation to the Chief Inspector, subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, of the power to make rules under clause (c). 47. SHELTERS, REST ROOMS AND LUNCH ROOMS. (1) In every factory wherein more than one hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed, Adequate and suitable shelters or rest rooms and a suitable lunchroom, with provision for drinking water, where workers can eat meals brought by them, shall be provided and maintained for the use of the workers: If any canteen maintained in accordance with the provisions of section 46 shall be regarded as part of the requirements of this sub-section. Provided further that where a lunchroom exists no worker shall eat any food in the workroom. (2) The shelters or rest rooms or lunchrooms to be provided under sub-section (1) shall be Sufficiently lighted, ventilated, and shall be maintained in a cool and clean condition. (3) The State Government may— (a) Prescribe the standards in respect of construction, accommodation, furniture and other Equipment of shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms to be provided under this section; (b) By notification in the Official Gazette, exempt any factory, class, or description of Factories from the requirements of this section.

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48. CRÈCHES: (1) In every factory wherein more than thirty women workers are ordinarily employed there shall be provided and maintained a suitable room or rooms for the use of children under the age of six years of such women. (2) Such rooms shall provide adequate accommodation, shall be adequately lighted and Ventilated, shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition, and shall be under the charge of women trained in the care of children and infants. (3) The State Government may make rules— (a) Prescribing the location and the standards in respect of construction, accommodation, Furniture and other equipment of rooms to be provided under this section; (b) Requiring the provision in factories to which this section applies of additional facilities for the care of children belonging to women workers, including suitable provision of facilities for washing and changing their clothing; (c) Requiring the provision in any factory of free milk or refreshment or both for such children; (d) Requiring that facilities shall be given in any factory for the mothers of such children to feed them at the necessary intervals. 49. WELFARE OFFICERS. (1) In every factory wherein five hundred or more workers are ordinarily employed the Occupier shall employ in the factory such number of welfare officers as may be prescribed. (2) The State Government may prescribe the duties, qualifications, and conditions of service of Officers employed under sub-section (1). 1.18. LABOUR WELFARE OFFICER The importance of the officer of Labour Welfare was realized for the first time in 1931. As early as 1931, the Royal Commission on Labour recommended the appointment of a Labour Officer to eliminate the position and practices of jobbers who used to engage and dismiss labors. Initially, employers did not pay attention to this recommendation. But the State Government took the initiative in 1934, when it passed the Bombay Disputes Conciliation Act, providing for the appointment of a Government Labour Officer who would deal with labour grievances. The Royal Commission recommended this office for the following purposes: 1. 2. To eliminate the evils of the jobber system in the recruitment of labours. To develop & improve labour administration in mills.

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3.

To serve as a liaison with the State Labour Commissioner.

1.18.1. QUALIFICATION OF LABOUR WELFARE OFFICER The State is empowered to prescribe the qualification of Labour Welfare Officer to be appointed should possess: ~ A University Degree ~ A Degree or Diploma in Social Science or Social Work or Social Welfare from any recognized institution & ~ Adequate knowledge of the Language spoken by the majority of workers where the factory, plantation and mines are situated. The National Commission of Labour stated that laws were made to ensure that management appointed a person exclusively to look after welfare of workers and help them in following the statutory obligations in respect of welfare measures. Welfare officers should form part of the administration in order to discharge their responsibilities respectively. Therefore, the eligibility of Welfare Officer should not be called upon to handle labour disputes on behalf of the management. The Committee of Labour Welfare recommended that one existing officer in the department of personnel should be designated as welfare officer to fulfill the purpose. 1.18.2 FUNCTIONS / DUTIES OF LABOUR WELFARE OFFICER Management appointed a person exclusively to look after the welfare of their workers and help them in discharging their statutory obligations for their welfare. Welfare Officer should form part of the administration so that they may discharge their responsibilities effectively. Therefore, the eligibility of welfare officer must be ensured before his appointment. Welfare officer should not be call upon to handle labour disputes on behalf of the management. The Malaviya Committee‘s report on Labour Welfare in 1969 following the modern rules framed under the Factories Act of 1948 has specified the duties of welfare officer as follows:

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A -1

(Labour welfare officer)

WELFARE FACILITIES IMPLIMENTED BY JCB INDIA LTD….

STATUTORY (As per Act)

LABOUR WELFARE AT RAYMOND
NON- STATUTORY (Voluntary)

As per Factory Act JCB India Ltd Pune Actual Labour Welfare Facilities provided to employee Sr.No 1 2 3 4 5 Actual ( As Per Factory Act) Yes / No Washing Facilities Facilities for Storing and drying of wet cloth Facilities for Sitting First Aid Canteen 17

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Shelters, Lunch Rooms and rest rooms crèches Welfare officer Table-B-1 (Welfare Facilities)

1.19. Statutory Welfare Amenities followed by “JCB INDIA LTD”
Statutory Means As per factory act (As per Law)
JCB follows the statutory welfare facilities given in the respective Act applicable to the establishment. It strictly follows the regulations specified in the Acts. It also provides some other voluntary or non-statutory facilities to its employees for their benefits. Following are some statutory benefits followed by the company:

Cleanliness Ventilation and Temperature Overcrowding Drinking water Facilities for sitting First Aid Appliances

Disposal Of Wastes Dust and fumes Lighting Latrines and urinals Washing Facilities Shelter, & Lunch Rooms

Table-B-2 ( Statutory Benefits)

1.20. Non-statutory Welfare Amenities provided by JCB India Ltd: 1.20.1. Medical Check-ups:
Each worker and employee of organization undergone a medical check-up, which was specially focused on eyesight of employees or workers as well as health of the workers and as per the recommendations of the doctor various fitness instruments are provided to workers. And this facility is free of cost to all employees.

1.20.2. Bonus:
The company gives to employee‘s bonus at the rate of 8.33% which is paid before Diwali festival of every year.

1.20.3. Physical Attendance Allowance:
In order to increase the attendance of employees & reduce absenteeism, the Physical Attendance allowance has been introduced. In order to become eligible for this allowance, an employee must be physically present & worked accordingly.

1.20.4. Earplugs and Hand Gloves:
For avoiding any damage to the health of the workers, the company provides Earplugs as well as Hand Gloves to the workers as the level of noise is very much greater in some departments. For the employees working in Fabrication & Machine shop Dept. There is compulsion of wearing hand gloves. 18

1.20.5. Aprons and Goggles:
JCB also provides aprons and goggles to the workers wherever necessary.

1.20.6. Petrol allowance:JCB gives petrol allowance to the workers on Sunday Working.

1.20.7. Accommodation:
For providing accommodation facility to the employees, they take flats on rent basis & provide to their employees.

1.20.8. Tea & Milk& Banana:Company provides tea facilities to their workers. Workers get tea two times in a day in JCB provided to all workers Milk & Banana.

1.20.9. Ambulance:JCB provided ambulance facilities in emergency accident cases

1.20.10. Sweet & Dry Fruits:JCB provided to all workers in Diwali &Dashara Festival Sweets & Dry fruits.

1.20.11. Festival Advance:JCB provided to all workers a Festival advances in a calendar year. JCB festival advance shall be recovered in 10 equal installments commencing with the salary payment of the month.

1.20.12. Personnel Accident Insurance:JCB provided to all workers a 24hours personnel accident insurance of 2 lakh. Its cover accidental death and permanent disability either total or partial.

1.20.13. Transport facilities:JCB provided Transport facilities to all workers residing at the long distance are essential to relieve them form strain and anxiety. Such services also provide greater opportunity for relaxation and recreation, and help in reducing the rate of turnover and labour absenteeism.

1.20.14.Dress Code & Uniforms:JCB provided to all workers 2 sets of dresses per calendar year for all permanent employees.

1.20.15.Death Benevolent Fund:This is the main welfare facilities provided by JCB. Ifan eligible associate dies while in service the management and fellow associates will together provided financial help to bereaved family.Permanent associates contribute of 1 day‘s wages towards the fund; the company will pay equal contribution.

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2. COMPANY PROFILE

JCB INDIA LIMITED Industrial & Floricultures Park, Village Ambi,Navlakh Umbare, Tal- Maval,Dist- Pune Pin-410507 Talegaon Dhabade (Maharashtra, India)

20

2.1. COMPANY PROFILE
JCB is a major player in the global construction and agricultural sectors. JCB is India‘s largest and world‘s one of the most successful construction equipment group. Over 75% of their machines are now exported and they produce 180 current models within 13 product groups. JCB also sells a full range of equipment in over 150 countries. JCB is still family owned business with no outside shareholders. It retains a sense of family and continuity within a highly sophisticated corporate structure. JCB is a company with a basic belief in the merits of hard work. At the core of this modern manufacturing giant is an old-fashioned work ethic. JCB people believe their products are the best but they still want them to be better. That is why JCB is unique. Of course, it‘s no use producing unique products if they don‘t meet the customers‘ needs. In earthmoving & construction equipment business, an innovative and efficient machine needs an innovative and efficient support system. JCB is a global brand that is equipped to meet the demands of the global community. Whatever the type of environment, whatever the kind of application, JCB deliver the goods and support its products in the field. Great ideas, Brilliant engineering solutions, Superb service, Reliable back-up. They all combine to create a guaranteed JCB worldwide performance standard.

2.2. COMPANY HISTORY
In October 1945, Joseph Bamford rented a 10 ft (3 m) by 15 ft lock-up garage for 30 shillings (= £1.50) a week, and made a farm trailer from scrap steel and war surplus Jeep axles, using a prototype electric welder bought for £2-10s (= £2.50). He opened forbusiness on the day his first son, Anthony, was born, and sold the trailer for £45 and a car, which he also repaired and sold for another £45. Having no interest in taking over rival businesses, his philosophy of "Focus on what you do best, be innovative, and re-invest in product development and the latest manufacturing technologies;" resulted in a series of market leading innovations: • 1948 - introduced the first hydraulic tipping trailer in Europe • 1950 - moved to an old cheese factory in Rochester where the workforce totalled six • 1951 - began painting his machinery yellow • 1953 - brought out his breakthrough product, the backhoe loader • 1957 - brought out the "hydra-digger", incorporating the excavator and the major loader as a single all-purpose tool.

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Left: J.C. Bamford’s first welding set. Right: The first JCB tipping trailer

2.3. IN THE PRESENT
Today, JCB‘s world headquarters is one of the finest engineering factories in Europe. The company that began as a ?one man band‘ now employs over 8,000 people and produces over 300 products – with bases in the UK, the USA, India, Germany and South America. It also sells a full range of equipment in over 150 countries, but JCB‘s remarkable success story cannot be fully appreciated by studying a litany of statistics. JCB has an ethos, a spirit, and an identity that cannot be conveyed by facts and figures. Perhaps one question and one dictionary definition might go some way to explaining why JCB is a very special company. The question: ?How many global brands are still run as a family business?‘ JCB is a unique company where unique people produce unique products, but it shares one vitally important characteristic with many other successful global brands. It never stands still. Granted it is constantly seeking new horizons. Today‘s successful businesses satisfy the needs of their customers. Tomorrow‘s successful brands have to exceed their customers‘ expectations. JCB is always looking for a better way. It is always prepared to go that extra mile, always determined to do whatever it can to help its customers to do a better job. The real JCB difference is that it is a global operation that is run like a family business. It retains a sense of family and continuity within a highly sophisticated corporate structure. It is still family owned with no outside shareholders. In the final analysis, JCB is not about machines. It‘s about people. People who believe in the business, and in the product. People who consider themselves an integral and invaluable part of the JCB family. JCB is a company with a basic belief in the merits of hard work. At the core of this modern manufacturing giant is an old-fashioned work ethic. Nobody works harder on behalf of their customers. Nobody tries harder to improve their products and their service. JCB people believe their products are the best but they still want them to be better. That is why JCB is unique. Perhaps nothing reflects JCB‘s attitude towards hard work as much as the words of the founder Joseph Cyril Bamford: “I was once asked, as a founder of JCB, what it took to succeed. ‘The same thing it took to get started’, I said, ‘a sense of urgency about getting things done’ 22

The people who make things move in the world share this same sense of urgency. No matter how intelligent or able you may be, if you don’t have this sense of urgency, now is the time to start developing it. The world is full of very competent people who honestly intend to do things tomorrow, or as soon as they can get around doing it. Their accomplishments, however, seldom match those of the less talented who are blessed with a sense of the importance of getting started now.” 2.4. MISSION STATEMENT To grow our company by providing innovative, strong and high performance products and solutions to meet our global customers' needs. We will support our world class products by providing superior customer care. Our care extends to the environment and the community. We want to help build a better future for our children, where hard work and dedication are given its just reward.

2.5 Company Overview
“Our mission is to grow our company by providing innovative, strong and high performance products and solutions to meet our global customers' needs." Throughout our 65-year history, we have always invested heavily in research and development, keeping JCB at the cutting edge of innovation. Today, JCB has some of the finest engineering facilities across the globe, produces a range of over 300 machines and maintains a reputation for unrivalled customer service. JCB, a truly world-class company. JCB India Limited, Ballabgarh (Haryana), India‘s largest manufacturer of construction equipment is a fully owned subsidiary of JC Bamford Excavators Limited, UK. The company offers 21 different machines in seven product types such as Backhoe Loaders, Loading Shovels, Tracked Excavators, Compactors, Telehandlers, Skid Steer Loaders and Pick and Carry Crane. An excellent network of 54 dealers and over 450+ outlets throughout the country, along with a world-class customer service network support. JCB also runs Operator Training School with over 15000 operators trained till date. JCB India, with support of Lady Bamford Trust of UK, has been actively supporting the economically weak people of the country. JCB recently adopted two villages at Jharsaintli in Haryana and Ambi near Pune.

2.6 WORLDWIDE MANUFACTURING UNIT
Uttoxeter Rocester Cheadle Rugely Wrexham Savannah Sarocaba Vibromax Pudong Ballabgarh Talegaon Staffordshire UK. UK. Staffordshire UK. UK. North Wales. Georgia US. Sao Paolo Brazil. Germany. Shanghai, China. Delhi, India. Pune, India.

Table-B-3 (Worldwide Manufacturing Unit.)
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2.7 MILESTONES OF JCB
1945: JCB rented a lock-up garage 12 feet by 15 feet in Uttoxeter. In it, using a welding set which he bought second-hand for £1 from English Electric, he made a tipping trailer from war-surplus materials. Its sides and floor were made from steel sheet that had been part of airraid shelters. He sold the trailer at a nearby market for £45. 1948: There were 6 people working for the company. They made the first hydraulic tipping trailer in Europe. 1953: The well-known JCB logo appeared. It was on a backhoe loader. He made the first backhoe excavator. He was a leading pioneer of the backhoe loading concept. 1960s: His hydraulic tractors entered the North American market, proving a long lasting success. It became, and still is, the brand leader in the world. The Dancing Diggers started. 1964: By now JCB had sold over 3000 3C backhoe loaders, particularly to customers in North America. 2004: Production started of the JCB444diesel engine. The first engine designed and manufactured by JCB. 2005: JCB bought Vibromax (a German compaction equipment company). That was the first time since 1968 that JCB bought a company. 2008: 75000th machine made by the JCB sold in the JCB plant of Talegaon, Pune. This machine sold was the excavator of the capacity 20 ton (200 Domestic). 2008: The first prototype model of new JS-80 made in JCB plant of Talegaon, Pune and the same will be bring in the market after July of 2009. Today JCB is producing 275 different models which are sold in over 150 countries in the world.

2.8 FUTURE PLANNS
In 2001 JCB set challenges for 2005: Achieve a volume of 50,000 units Generate a sales value of $2.25 billion Gain worldwide market share of 10 per cent In 2005 management revealed: JCB achieved a record volume of 45,046 machines Generated a better than target $2.44 billion sales value. Gained market share of 9.6 per cent Now, targets for 2015 are: 200000 machines Sales value of $4.5 billion 13 per cent worldwide market share

2.9. SERVICE 2.9.1 PRODUCT SUPPORT
JCB believes in the philosophy of lifetime relationship with the customer. This lifetime relationship begins once the machine has been sold to the customer and continues throughout the machine life and even after that. JCB customers depend on a JCB machine to meet the commitment to their own customers. Product Support makes a diligent and

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persistent effort to ensure that every JCB machine is in the best operational condition at all times. Although JCB machines are best made and designed to operate in extremely tough conditions, they are not satisfied with this alone. JCB has a strong Product Support backup throughout the world to ensure that the machine downtime is the barest minimum. The customer does not buy a JCB machine alone; he also buys the commitment to meet his needs which may arise in future when the machine starts operating.

2.9.2 PARTS BACKUP
JCB ensures that the possibility of machine downtime is the as low as possible. There are three levels of parts backup. Each level is well stocked with the full range of parts which customers require from time to time. Mother Depot at Ballabgarh. Parts Depots at Pune, Chennai & Kolkata 140 Dealer Outlets..

2.9.3. VOR
In the unlikely eventuality of a breakdown, JCB has a facility for a VOR (Vehicle Off Road) parts ordering process which delivers emergency parts within 24 hours.

2.9.4. PRODUCTS IN INDIA
JCB India offers a diverse range of unmatched Backhoe Loaders. Wheeled Loaders, Excavators, Skid Steer loaders, Telehandlers and Compactors.

The backhoe loader

Wheeled Loader (432ZX)

Tracked Excavator

Skid steer loader (JCB 190)

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Telescopic Handler (528S)

Vibromax

2.10. JCB WORLDWIDE
Worldwide, JCB offers a staggering 275 different models of machines. It is among the top three earth moving equipment manufacturers in the world. Over the world, other than the machines available in India, JCB offers agricultural machines, dump trucks, tractors, lawn mowers, rough terrain forklifts, teletrucks, utility vehicles, generators and many more exciting products.

Agricultural wheeled loader (411)

Dump Truck (722)

Compact tractor (360)

Fasttrac (7230)

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Lawnmower (FM30)

Utility Vehicle

Rough terrain handlers (535)

Jcb Diesel Max

3 Dx Teletruck

Generator (G88) 27

2.11. JCB IN INDIA
JCB India Limited, India‘s largest manufacturer of Earthmoving and Construction equipment is a fully owned subsidiary of JC Bamford Excavators Limited (U.K). J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited U.K. is ranked as the world‘s third largest manufacturer of earthmoving and construction equipment and is considered one of Britain‘s a most impressive success stories. JCB is also the world number one producer for backhoe loaders. It produces over 275 different models, which are sold in over 150 countries across the globe. JCB India Limited started operations in 1979 as a joint venture company. In 2003 JCB, UK acquired 100% shares in the joint venture and today JCB is the fastest growing company in the Indian earthmoving and construction equipment industry. The company is a pioneer in the industry and has been recording excellent growth rates. It has ambitious development and expansion plans through launching revolutionary products and adherence to world class JCB corporate identity norms. Today in India, JCB has a park of over 75,000 machines and out of every two Construction equipment sold in India, one is a JCB. JCB India has modern manufacturing facilities at Ballabgarh in Haryana and at Pune in Maharashtra. The manufacturing facilities at Pune comprises of two plants. Plant III: It is a Design Centre where the problems regarding the current design are solved and some modification in the existing design is achieved. Plant IV: Plant IV is a Training Centre where training to Employees and Operator is given in order to achieve the maximum productivity.

2.11.1. Plant 1 (Fabrication India Business Unit)
This is a component manufacturing plant and is export-oriented. It caters to the needs of JCB factories both in India and abroad. The work taking place in plant is mainly fabrication. It also fabricates the parts required for Plant No.2 .The operations taking place in the plant consist of cutting, bending, rolling, and welding. JCB TURNOVER- JCB turnover is Four thousand corers. Compotator of JCB- Hyundai, L&T, Jhon Deer, Mahindra, Volvo, Sany, Hitachi,Cat

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The flow chart for material flow in the Plant I ( PUNE ) in as shown in fig

RAW MATERIAL (METAL SHEETS)

SHEET METAL CUTTING (DEVELOPMENT)

BENDING, ROLLING etc.

TACKING

WELDING

WELDING INSPECTION

APPROVED COMPONENTS

DIMENSION MEASUREMENT

APPROVED COMPONENTS

PLANT 2

A-2 (Plant 1 manufacturing Process)

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2.11.2. Plant 2 (Heavy Line Business Unit )
Plant 2 is a Heavy Line manufacturing plant that produces Excavators, Wheel Loading Shovels and Vibratory Compactors. Excavators: Excavators are the main products of the plant. There are two types of Excavators are made in the plant which are Domestic and the Export. Plant is trying to maximise the productivity of the excavator assembly line. Excavator assembly line in the plant is common for JS 140, JS 200 and JS 210. For the JS 80 there is different line with less number of stages. Maximum manpower is available for the Excavator line in the plant in order to fulfil the increasing demand for the excavators in the market.

Excavator Model
Excavators can be used for mass excavation, rock breaking and mining. Our best and India‘s finest Excavator range includes JS 80, JS140, JS 200, JS 210 LC, and JS 330 suited to diverse weight required. 2.11.2.1 . Wheel Loading Shovel The JCB 432ZX Articulated Loading Shovel is an excellent machine. It has high breakout forces, minimum hydraulic cycle timings and excellent payload.

Wheel Loading Shovel

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The flow chart for material flow in the Plant II ( PUNE ) in as shown in fig.

PLANT-1

SUPPLIER

SHOT BLASTING

STORE

PAINT SHOP

QUALITY

OVEN

POWDER COATING

WLS

EXCAVATOR (JS)

VIBROMAX

ASSEMBLY LINE

PRESSURE TEST

FINISHING

HOT TEST

WASHING

PDI

REWORK

REWORK CONFIRMATION

SIGN OFF

A-3 Plant 2 Manufacturing Process 31

2.12. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE The organisational structure in JCB Pune allows smooth functioning of the company. Plant II is divided into: Design engineering department Purchase department Quality control department Production Planning department Stores Operations Maintenance Human resources Information technology Finance department

2.12.1. DESIGN ENGINEERING
The design-engineering department concerns itself mainly with design of new products and modifications of existing designs.

2.12.2. PURCHASE
The function of the purchase department is to develop parts with vendors and ensure that the company purchases products at the lowest prices. The purchase department interfaces with the QA department to ensure that the vendor passes quality requirements. After that purchase hand over procurement of that products to Planning Department. 2.12.3. QUALITY CONTROL In every engineering industry, it is vital that products that are despatched conform to industry and company standards. The quality control department performs this function.

2.12.4. STORES
The stores department is necessary for the proper organisation and functioning of the company warehouse. Stores ensure that material comes in to the company properly and is stores safely and in an organised manner.

2.12.5. OPERATIONS
Operations ensure the running of the assembly line. This department is given the responsibility of producing machines according to requirement and within schedules.

2.12.6. MAINTENANCE
Maintenance department looks after the normal functioning of Shot Blasting Machine, Paint Shop, and Powder Coating .Maintenance Department also work on the breakdowns of various equipments like fans, Nut runner, sanders, Overhead Cranes. They work in co-ordination with operations for breakdown without stopping the assembly line.

2.12.7. HUMAN RESOURCES
The HR department is involved in all matters of man management – i.e. the HR hires people according to requirement, releases salary and ensures that the workforce is satisfied and motivated to work. 32

2.12.8. FINANCE
The finance department is involved in making payments of to vendors and management of the company‘s monetary assets.

2.12.9. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
The IT department performs maintenance and ensures smooth running of the company‘s information technology systems. This is a vital dog in the wheel as all sharing of information revolves around IT.

2.12.10. PRODUCTION PLANNING
The Production Planning department works in tandem with the marketing team and production department to release forecasts for machines according to market demand. Based on these forecasts, schedules for procurement of materials are released. Production Planning is the department that schedules regular supplies from the vendor. For regular supplies to begin, it is necessary for the purchase department to ?hand over‘ the part to materials. Before this, purchase must ensure that the vendor standards are acceptable. Once the part is approved by quality, the buyer may raise a scheduling agreement for supply of parts. It is only after the pilot lot of any part is received and approved by operations that purchase can ?hand over‘ the procurement of that part to planning. Production planning co-ordinates with finance for making the payments to vendors. Operations also depend on Planning Department to ensure that there is no shortage of any kind of materials on the assembly line. As any form of shortage leads to costly line stoppages, it is imperative for planning to ensure regular supply. Planning Department also works in co-ordination of Stores for optimum inventory control. It has to maintain the specific buffer stock of materials in the stores and not to exceed material stocks in stores. Therefore, Production Planning is one the key department in the organization, which is responsible for forecasts and smooth flow of the materials on line..

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ORGANISATIONAL CHART- PUNE

Figure A-4 (Organizational Structure)

34

Prasanna Apte ( Head Human Resource) Gautam Bhosle (AGM ) Vivek Deshpande (AGM) Doreen Evans

Sarjerao Thorawat

Ajay Gavhane

Saiju Bhaskaran

Puneet Bajpai

Sachin Harphale

Figure-A-5 HR Structure

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2.13. DUTY HOURS
A. B. C. D. Note: General Shift : 08:00 Hrs. To 18:00 Hrs. First Shift : 07:00 Hrs. To 15:30 Hrs. Second Shift : 15.30 Hrs. To 00.00 Hrs. Third Shift : 00:00 Hrs. To 07:00 Hrs. Lunch Timing : Half Hour in between every Shift.

2.14. CANTEEN FACILITY
Companies have Dining Hall in the company premises. Company provides TWO times Tea in a day to all the employees. All the employees get snacks and meals coupons canteen on local rate.

2.15. VEHICLE FACILITY (TRANSPORT FACILITY)
Company have transport facility from Employees home to Factory and back to Employees home. To avail this facility company will charge Rs. 200/- per month. This will be deducted from the salary. Bus Pass is available with HR Department.

2.16. COMMUNICATION
Communication is the key to success in your relevant area. You must report all-important issues to your superiors time to time. You can use Inter Office Memo, Log Book, all other means available for the same. All issues that may turn into any kind of emergency must be reported immediately to your superior and HR Department.

2.17. LEGAL COMPLIANCE POLICY:
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Legal & Statutory Requirement Factory License Contract Labour Registration Contractor Labour License M.P.C.B. Consent Industrial License Fire NOC M.L.W.F. (1/2 Yearly) Employment Exchange Bonus ABC & D Register

Table B-4 Legal Compliances

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3. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Scope of Labour Welfare is very broad; however we have tried to include some main aspects of it. The following list of labour welfare scope is not exhaustive.

Working Environment
Favorable working environment enhances efficiency of workers and includes proper illumination, safety, temperature, ventilation, sanitation, cleanliness and canteen facilities. Workplace sanitation and cleanliness is very important for making workplace favorable to workers. Following points should be considerdered to make workplace favorable to workers. 1. Proper ventilation, lighting, temperature, cleanliness, seating arrangements etc. Proper safety measures for workers should be there. 2. Sufficient urinals, lavatories and bathing facilities should be provided and cleaned regularly. 3. Proper gardening and cleanliness of open spaces. 4. Pure drinking water should be provided. 5. Subsidized canteen services should be provided.

3.1. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The present study has been undertaken to study find out effectiveness of employee welfare measures in Manufacturing Industry. The concept of Labour Welfare has a very wide meaning and connotation. It includes the Statutory and non-statutory benefits to the workers, which are provided by the company, which ultimately help to maintain good relations in the company. The main purpose behind providing such facilities to the employees is to secure their co-operation and willingness and also to improve their morale and make them more efficient. The scope of the study is to understand the present welfare measures adopted in Organization and how the satisfaction of the employee can be enhanced by adopting better welfare measures to improve satisfaction. It also helps to improvement of health and morale of the workers. Improved efficiency through welfare measures leads to better productivity, reduced Turnover, gives motivation etc. It helps to builds up a stable labour force, reduces absenteeism in workforce, and promotes Better relations between employee and employer. The study can be used to bring out the solution for the problem faced by the employees availing the welfare measures. Through the study, company would be able to know the satisfaction level of employee on welfare measures Welfare work may be classified in two categories.Viz.Intra-murals and Extra-Mural the following categorization is used by international Labour Organization

37

Intramural- Intramural means welfare measures inside in the workplace. These are provided within the establishment such as rest centers canteen, uniforms Extramural-Extramural means welfare measures outside the workplace. These are activities which are undertaken outside the establishment such as child welfare, transport facility etc.

Intramural Drinking Water Toilets Crèches Washing Facility Occupational Safety Uniforms and protective Clothing Shift Allowance Canteen Cleanliness and Sanitation First aid Appliances Compensation for Accidents Improvement in Condition of Employment Bathing Facilities

Extramural Social Insurance Benevolent Fund Maternity Benefit Health And Medical Facility Educational Facilities Recreation Facilities Leave Travel Facilities Workers Co-Operative Vocational Training Transport to and from place of work Games and sports Amusement Facilities Housing Facilities

Table B-5 (Intramural –Extramural Facility)

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3.2. SCOPE OF LABOUR WELFARE

Figure A-6 scope of labour welfare

39

4. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

4.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
It is important to know individual‘s value because knowledge of individual‘s value can provide insight into his/her attitude and these attitudes influence his/her behavior. The industrial relations likely to be more harmonious, if his or her value fit well in the organization. If the proper welfare measures are provided in the company, the various problems of individuals and the company at large can be solved in best ways. Welfare facilitates to maintain harmonious and healthy relations in the company. 4.1. To study the concept of labour welfare and the different type of welfare facilities provide to labour in the organization and outside the organization. 4.2. To study the applicability of Factories Act, 1948 in organization which is made to maintain. The proper industrial relations in the organization through various statutory health, safety, and welfare provisions. 4.3. To study the impact of labour welfare measures on relation between employee and employer.

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5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Methodology is the summary of planned action to be followed to complete the report effective and efficiently. Secondary data has been compiled from magazines, newspapers and other business journals. Research refers to the search for knowledge. It is also considered as a movement from known to unknown. Research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching conclusion and at last carefully testing the conclusion to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis. Research methodology is a systematic approach to solve the research problems. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. The purpose of methodology is to describe the research in solving the research problems. Effective research involves following major steps:

Analyzing &interpretation of data.

Defining research problems or objectives.

Data collections

RESEARCH PROCESS

Preparing the research design

Determining the Organizing the field to work sampling design and sample size

Figure A-7 Research process 5.1. Exploratory research is fact oriented. It may be defining hypothesis and it may
suggest new opportunities. The major emphasis in such studies is on the discovery of ideas and insights. The research that I have carried is exploratory research that covers the survey of individual through questionnaire.

5. .2.Conclusive research: In conclusive research, researcher is free to pick up a
problem, redesign the enquiry as he proceeds and is prepared to conceptualize as he wishes.

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5.3 RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is the arrangement of condition for collection analysis of data in a manner that aim to combine relevance to the research purpose. Decision regarding that, when, how much, by what means concerning an enquiry or a research study constitute a research design. It constitutes the blue print for collection. Measurement, analysis of data.

5.4. SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION:The data for the research can be collected through primary and secondary sources.

5.4.1. SECONDARY DATA:Secondary data means data that are already available i.e. they refers to the data which have already been collected and analyzed by someone else. Secondary data can be obtained by various sources. They are as follows: Books Internet search engines like Google, Wikipedia JCB.websit.

5.4.2. PRIMARY DATArimary data can be collected through either experiment or survey. I have chosen survey method for my research topic. The questionnaire will be filled by the employees of the company for getting the exact information about the topic. This information will be analyzed systematically.

5.4.2.1. METHOD FOR PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION:Questionnaire Methods Observation Method Interview Method. Questionnaire method is used in this study.

5.4.2.1.1. Questionnaire MethodIn this method, the questionnaire is sent to the person concerned with request to answer the questions and return the questionnaire. A questionnaire consists of a number of questions printed or typed in defined order on a form or set of forms.

5.3. Population MeaningThe group of object or individual under study is called population or universe. According to size of population there is two types of population 1. Finite Population 2. Infinite population

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Population 500 workers
Plant Plant 1 Plant 1 (Machine Shop) Plant 2 Total Actual Workers 310 085 105 500

Table B-6 Population 5.4. SampleSome representative‘s items are selected from the population so that all importance characteristics of population of are covered in the item of this group. Such group is called as and the method of selecting such a group is called sampling method, thus any part of population under study is called population. The sample size I have taken is 10 % In JCB India ltd Pune there are 500 employees are working. PLANT 1 (FABRICATION INDIA BUSINESS UNIT) 395 PLANT 2 (HEAVY LINE BUSINESS UNIT) 105 Plant Plant 1 Plant 1 (Machine Shop) Plant 2 Total Actual 310 085 105 500 Workers 31 09 10 50

Table B-7 Sample size

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6. DATA ANALYSES & INTERPRETATION
1. Do you think that adequate drinking water facilities are being provided by the Company?

Lable name 1.Agree 2.Disagree 3.Can't say Total

No of employees 34 15 01 50 B-8 Drinking Water

Percentage 68 30 02 100

C-1 Drinking water
Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 68% response is agree, 30% are disagree, 2% are can't say his opinion.

As per the drinking water facility provided by JCB is very good and all workers are satisfied.

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2) What is your opinion latrine & urinals are clean & ventilated about? Lable name 1.Good 1.Average 3.Poor Total No of employees 24 19 7 50 Percentage 72 18 10 100 B-9 Latrines & Urinals

C-2 Latrines and urinals
Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 72% response are good, 18% are average, 10% are poor his opinion.

As per the Latrine & Urinals facility provided by JCB is very good and all workers are satisfied.

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3) Do you get all the information about welfare policies of the organization? Lable name 1.Yes 2. No Total No of employees 44 6 50 B-10 Welfare Policies Percentage 88 12 100

C-3 Welfare Policy
Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 88% responses are yes, 12% are no saying his opinion.

Welfare policies are very good in JCB India Ltd and all workers are satisfied.

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4) Give your satisfaction about sitting facility of canteen & conference?

Lable name 1.Good 1.Average 3.Poor Total

No of employees 32 15 3 50 B-11 Sitting Facility

Percentage 64 30 6 100

C-4 Sitting facility
Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 64% response are good, 30% are average, 6% are poor saying his opinion. As per the Sitting facility provided by JCB is very good and all workers are satisfied.

47

5) What you feel about first aid facility for following points? Lable name 1.Good 1.Average 3.Poor Total No of employees 24 19 7 50 B-12 First aid Facility Percentage 48 38 14 100

C-5 First aid facility
Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 48% response is good, 38% are average, and 14% are poor saying his opinion. First Aid Facilities are very good In JCB & all workers are happy & satisfied.

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6) Have you ever attend first aid training program? Lable name 1.Yes 2.No Total No of employees 42 8 50 B-13 Training Program Percentage 84 16 100

First Aid Training Programe
100 80

Axis Title

60 40 20 0 No of employees Percentage No of employees 8 42 Percentage 16 84

2.No 1.Yes

C-6 First aid Training program
Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 84% responses are yes, 16% are no saying his opinion. First aid training programmed is very good in JCB & all workers are satisfied

49

7) What is your opinion about canteen with regard to the following? Lable name 1.Good 1.Average 3.Poor Total No of employees 24 21 5 50 B-14 Canteen Facility Percentage 48 42 10 100

C-7

Canteen Facility

Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 48% response are good, 42% are average, 10% are poor saying his opinion.

As per the Canteen facility provided by JCB is very good and all workers are satisfied.

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8) Do you think welfare measures beneficial to improve moral& satisfaction level of employee? Lable name 1.Yes 2. No Total No of employees 44 6 50 Percentage 88 12 100

B-15 Welfare Measures Beneficial

C-8 Welfare Measures Beneficial
Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 88% responses are saying yes and remaining 12% are saying no in his opinion.

In JCB Company the employees are more satisfactory with the welfare measures schemes.

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9) Are you satisfied with annual get together program (Family Funday)? Lable name 1.Satisfied 2.Dissatisfied 3.None Total No of employees 42 4 4 50 B-16 Get Together Program Percentage 84 8 8 100

C-9 Get together program
Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 84% response are satisfied, 8% are dissatisfied, 8% are none say his opinion. In JCB India ltd Family funday (Get Together) programmed is very good and all workers are satisfied.

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10) What is your opinion about above welfare facilities provided by organization? Lable name 1.Good 1.Average 3.Poor Total No of employees 32 14 4 50 B-17 Welfare Facilities Percentage 64 28 8 100

C-10 Welfare facilities
Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 64% response is good, 28% are average, 8% are poor saying his opinion. Note: Welfare facilities provided by JCB are very good and all workers are happy and strongly satisfied.

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11) Do you think adequate spittoons are provided in your department? Lable name 1.Agree 2.Disagree 3.Can't say Total No of employees 35 14 1 50 B-18 Spittoons Percentage 70 28 2 100

Spitoons

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1.Agree 2.Disagree No of employees 3.Can't say percentage

C-11 Spittoons
Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 70% response are agree, 28% are disagree, 2% are can't say his opinion. As per spittoons facility is provided by JCB is very good and all workers are satisfied.

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12) Give your opinion about following option with regards to cleanliness? Lable name 1.Good 1.Average 3.Poor Total No of employees 29 11 10 50 B-19 Cleanliness Percentage 58 22 20 100

Cleanliness

2.No 1.Yes 0 50 100 150 No of employees Percentage 1.Yes 42 84 2.No 8 16

C-12 Cleanliness
Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 58% response are good, 22% are average, 20% are poor saying his opinion. In JCB all shop floor area is very good and workers are happy and satisfied.

55

13) How will you rate the waste disposal procedure prevailing in the company? Lable name 1.Good 1.Average 3.Poor Total No of employees 15 20 15 50 B-20 Waste Disposal Percentage 30 40 30 100

Waste Disposal
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 No of employees Percentage 1.Yes 42 84 2.No 8 16

C-13
Inference:-

Waste Disposal

According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 30% response are good, 40% are average, 30% are poor saying his opinion. As per waste disposal facility provided by JCB is very good and all workers are satisfied.

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14) What do you fill about ventilation and temperature? Lable name 1.Good 1.Average 3.Poor Total No of employees 20 19 11 50 Percentage 40 38 22 100

B-21 Ventilation & Temperature

Ventilation & Temprature

40 20 0 1.Good 1.Average 3.Poor No of employees percentage 1.Good 20 40 1.Average 19 38 3.Poor 11 22 percentage No of employees

C-14
Inference:-

Ventilation and Temperature

According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 40% response is good, 38% are average, 22% are poor saying his opinion. As per ventilation facility provided by JCB is very good and all workers are satisfied.

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15) Response regarding satisfied with transport facilities? Lable name 1)Satisfied 2.Dissatisfied 3.None Total No of employees 39 6 5 50 Percentage 78 12 10 100

B-22 Transport Facility

Transport Facility
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Percentage No of employees 1.Yes 84 42 2.No 16 8

C-15
Inference:-

Transport Facility

According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 78% response are satisfied, 12% are dissatisfied, 10% are none say his opinion.

Transport facility is very good in JCB and all workers are satisfied.

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16) Do you agree that welfare facilities provided by the organization which is helpful In maintaining harmonious relation? Lable 1.Yes 2. No Total No of employees 49 1 50 Percentage 98 2 100

B-23 Maintaining Harmonious Relation

Maintaining Harmonious Relation
100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 2.No 1.Yes No of employees 8 42 Percentage 16 84

C-16 Maintaining Harmonious Relation

Inference:According to above explanation among the sample size of 50 employees, 98% responses are yes, 2% are no saying his opinion.

In JCB India ltd industrial relations is very good and all workers are happy.

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7. OBSERVATION &FINDINGS

7.1. FINDINGS
7.1. Good Stable financial condition, excellent infrastructure and all facilities at plant site. Well maintained discipline. Training facilities, Lunch room Facility Available in plant. To Provide Tea Facility to all Employee, to provide some Employee Free Accommodation. 7.2. To Provide some Employee Free Transport Facilities Available To Keep and Maintain the 5 S All Section. 7.3. This company provides all welfare facilities according to factories act. 7.4. Most of the employees are not fully interested in any welfare, which is non-monetary. They are happy with welfare, which had monetary value or financially involved like medical facility .welfare in cash is preferred. 7.5. Disposal of wastes done properly. 7.6. Ventilation is proper in most area of the shops but in few areas ventilation is poor. 6.7. Lightning in overall plant is best. 7.8. Latrines and urinals cleanliness is fine but not provided separately for men and women. 7.9. Health checkup program is arranged by organization. 6.10. Safety awareness programs arranged by company, like fire fighting etc. 7.11. Company at every department and every shop level also provides first aid facility. 7.12. Furniture is also well maintained. 60

7.13. As management is successfully providing good welfare to the employees. it had result in no strikes and lockouts which can disturb the production process. Thus the production activity is smoothly running. 7.14 .Employees are aware of occupational health and safety but sometimes they don‘t follow the norms related to safety as they are working along with time and are overconfident but now strict instruction are given and workers are do follow it without fail. 7.15. From the above questionnaire I found that the harmonious welfare relationship is very strong in the organization. 7.16. There are very good Industrial relation in between workers and management within the organization. 7.17. Through the questionnaire method I got the information that 78% workers were satisfied with the transport facility and another were not satisfied with its transport facility.

7.2. Observation
7.2.1. The employees of the organization are found to be satisfied with the facilities provided to them by the company. 7.2.2. They still want more focus on family welfare. They want that the time period for sanctioning special welfare facility should be reduced 7.2.3. M o r e t h a n 7 0 % o f t h e e m p l o ye e s a g r e e t h a t t h e w e l f a r e f a c i l i t i e s are provided to them and they are availing special welfare facilities according to their need. 7.2.4. A neat, clean and peaceful environment of the organization helps i n maintaining satisfaction and enthusiasm to perform work among the employees. 7.2.5. The employees of the Pune Area Office of JCB are highly s a t i s f i e d with the routine welfare facilities which they are availing on a regular basis. 7.2.6. The routine welfare facilities are availed by each e m p l o y e e i n t h e organization by simply filling an application, without any proof and the time required is also nominal. 7.2.7. The time required for sanctioning the special welfare facilities is 2 - 3 week.

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8. LIMITITATION

8.1. LIMITATION
8.1. I have covered two units in this project report 8.2. Fabrication India Business Unit 8.3. Heavy Line Business Unit And not covered 1. Is Design Centre and 2. Is India Part Centre. 8.4. As it was not possible to visit each department, the true picture of working condition could not be judged. 8 . 5 . T h e s t u d y i s b a s e d o n a p a r t i c u l a r c l a s s o f e m p l o ye e s i . e . W o r k e r s etc. 8.6. Many questions in the questionnaire were left un-attempted by a number of the workers which may be possibly due to their ignorance or hesitation in difference

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9. SUGGESTIONS

9.1 SUGGESTIONS
9.1. Provision of canteen and better food and beverages, checking the quality and quantity of the food served, appointing a canteen management committee. 9.2. For better utilization of the talent company can apply the suggestion scheme in the Company can ensure participation of the workers in the management. 9.3. Ventilation should be maintained in lunchroom. 9.4. Sanctioning time of special welfare facility should be reduced. 9.5. New facilities should be added to the existing ones by early action taken by management. 9.6. Some facility not provided like crèches, storing & drying clothing‘s according to factory act which is mentioned before should be providing. 9.7. The following facilities in JCB India Ltd should be provided as early as possible to make the employees more efficient and willing: Library Transportation Ladies Rooms Crèches Storing & drying clothing‘s

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10. CONCLUSION
Based on the finding and analysis of the data collection by various mean and there after the observation I could come to a conclusion which can be stated as follow. It was not possible to interview all the employees as they were engaged in different shifts. So the random sampling method is used under which permanent employees were taken from different department scope of the project was the comparison between theoretical and practical execution of labour welfare facility applying the theoretical knowledge acquired to obtain the practical detail. Accurate and satisfactory data were not available as the employees also have fear of management. Not all the employees were able to understand the language, which was used during the interview, and because of that, the employees, were unable to provide some information. The study concludes that, the labour welfare in ?JCB INDIA LTD? is highly effective. And all employees are happy and satisfied, and industrial relation with management and employees is very good. This study highlighted so many factors which will help to create the awareness of welfare to the employees. The company is having better welfare activities and the labours are satisfied with their welfare schemes provided by the management. It is helpful for the growth of the company to improve its productivity. Through there were some limitation, people of HR department. As helped me by giving all details and information and also their valuable time in completing my project report JCB India Ltd providing following welfare amenities to the workers and all workers are satisfied. 1. Canteen 2. Drinking water 3. First aid facility 4. Latrine & Urinals 5. Sitting arrangement 6. Washing facility 7. Lighting 8. Working condition 9. Leave benefits 10. Cleanliness.

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11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sr.No 1 Authors Year Dr.S.D.Punekar & 2012 Mrs.SarswathiSankaran Title Labour Welfare, Trade Unionism and Industrial Relations Research Methodology: Methods & Techniques Labour Welfare & Industrial Hygine Industrial Hygiene & industrial Welfare Publisher Himalaya Publishing House,

2

Kothari.C.R

2009

New Age International Publisher NiraliPrakashan

3

Bhooshan.B.Agalgatti

2010

4

Esrafil Ali

2011

Everest Publication

Table B-24 Bibliography
Company website – http://www.jcb.com Google, Wikipedia

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12. ANNEXURE
1) Do you think that the company is providing adequate drinking water facilities? I. II. III. Agree Disagree Can‘t say

2) What is your opinion latrine & urinals are clean & ventilated about? I. II. III. Good Average Poor

3) Do you get all the information about welfare policies of the organization? I. II. Yes No

4) Give your satisfaction about sitting facility of canteen & conference? I. II. III. Good Average Poor

5) What you feel about first aid facility for following points? I. II. III. Good Average Poor

6) Have you ever attend first aid training program? I. II. Yes No

7) What is your opinion about canteen with regard to the following? I. II. III. Good Average Poor

8) Do you think welfare measures beneficial to improve moral& satisfaction level of employee? I. Yes 66

II.

No

9) Are you satisfied with annual get together program? I. II. III. Satisfied Dissatisfied None

10) What is your opinion about above welfare facilities provided by organization? I. II. III. Good Average Poor

11) Do you think adequate spittoons are provided in your department? i) ii) iii) Agree Disagree Can‘t Say

12) Give your opinion about following option with regards to cleanliness? i) ii) iii) Good Average Poor

13) How will you rate the waste disposal procedure prevailing in the company? I. II. III. Good Average Poor

14) What do you fill about ventilation and temperature? I. II. III. Good Average Poor

15) Response regarding satisfied with transport facilities? i) Satisfied ii) Dissatisfied iii) None 16) Do you agree that welfare facilities provided by the organization which is helpful In maintaining harmonious relation? I. II. Yes No. 67

Ques.17. Rate of of labour welfare facilities? Rank 1. Lowest 5. Highest Sr Welfare Facility .No 1 2 Washing Facilities Facilities for Storing and drying of wet cloth Facilities for Sitting First Aid Canteen Shelters, Lunch Rooms and rest rooms crèches Welfare officer Cleanliness Disposal And wastes Ventilation and temperature Dust and fumes Artificial humidification Over crowding Lightning Drinking water Latrines and urinals Bonus Transport facility Medical facility Family funday Diwali sweets Festival advance Education advance 68

Statutory Welfare Facility

Provided 5 By JCB

4

3

2

1

3 4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Suggestions___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

Additional Facility___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

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