abhishreshthaa
Abhijeet S
Chicago Bridge & Iron Company (Chicago Bridge & Iron Company N.V.), (NYSE: CBI), known commonly as CB&I, is a large multinational conglomerate engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) company. CB&I specializes in projects for oil and gas companies. CB&I operates from more than 80 locations around the world, and as of August 1, 2009, CB&I has a total of approximately 16,000 employees.
CB&I was founded in 1889 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, as Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, when Horace E. Horton, a bridge designer, agreed to merge business with George and William Wheelock of the Kansas City Bridge and Iron Company.
While initially involved in bridge design and construction, CB&I turned its focus to bulk liquid storage in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, coinciding with the western expansion of railroads across the United States and the discovery of oil in the U.S. Southwest. CB&I quickly became known for design engineering and field construction of elevated water storage tanks, aboveground tanks for storage of petroleum and refined products, refinery process vessels and other steel plate structures.
CB&I supported the expansion of oil exploration outside the U.S., starting operations in South America in 1924, in Asia two years later, and in the Middle East in 1939.
Avon reaches around a billion women through 3 million independent sales representatives in 136 countries. The company is committed to its mission of becoming a company that understands and satisfies the product service and self-fulfillment needs of women globally. In line with this mission, the company has been supporting the “Crusade Against Breast Cancer” in order to uplift the lives of women around the world. Through this cause Avon is able to meet business marketing and communications objectives at the same time support a cause of real concern to their target market. Through Avon’s partnerships with various organizations combating breast cancer, the company is able to implement cause-related marketing strategy effectively. Avon’s cause-related marketing strategy has been implemented using a number of different elements of the marketing mix. The Crusade has involved sales of products where a proportion of the price is donated to charity. It has also included sales of charity fundraising products, sponsorship of fashion shows that aim to spread awareness about breast cancer and political lobbying through consumer petitions. Avon has benefited greatly from this association, enhancing their corporate profile, engaging new and existing customers, receiving enormous publicity, fostering feelings of affiliation among staff, representatives and customers, bringing the company’s vision to life (Baker 2003).
Achieving a favorable position in the minds of the consumers and making the product or service attractive to the target market entails careful formulation of the marketing mix. Getting the right mixture of the product, promotion, price, and distribution is important in marketing. The goal of the marketing mix is to portray an image for the product or service that will match with how the organization wants the product or service to be visualized in people’s minds. Marketing mix according to Kotler (2001) is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market.
– The products or services of an organization help in creating an image of the firm in the mind of the consumer. This image is reflected in the customer’s perceptions and feeling about its products or services. The product is the element in the marketing mix that includes all of the issues surrounding the development of the product or service.
– where market demand and the cost of producing the product or service come together and determines the profitability or lack of it.
Promotion – Promotion is consist of all of the methods of communicating the product offering to the target market, such as advertising, publicity, and sales promotion.
– Place is the task of getting the goods to market.
Avon is considered as the world’s largest manufacturer of cosmetics, fragrances and toiletries. Avon’s core offer consists of competitively priced beauty products and gifts.
Avon markets most of its products at moderate price points in relation to the industry. Discounts and price reductions are offered periodically. New brand extension products are priced at approximately the same price as the original brand.
Sales promotion and sales development activities are directed at assisting sales representatives through sales aids like brochures, product samples and demonstration products. In order to support the efforts of sales representatives to reach new customers, specifically designed sales aids, promotional pieces, customer flyers, television and print advertising are used. A number of merchandising techniques are used, including the introduction of new products, the use of combination offers, the use of trial sizes and samples, and the promotion of products packaged as gift items. In general, for each sales campaign, a distinctive brochure is published, in which new products are introduced and selected items are offered as special promotions or are given particular prominence in the brochure.
Avon is the pioneer of direct-selling approach in the cosmetics industry. Avon reaches its customers primarily through its traditional distribution channel made up of a network of 3 million independent sales representatives. The network spans 140 countries over six continents. The vast majority of the representatives are women and all are rewarded on a commission-only basi
CB&I was founded in 1889 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, as Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, when Horace E. Horton, a bridge designer, agreed to merge business with George and William Wheelock of the Kansas City Bridge and Iron Company.
While initially involved in bridge design and construction, CB&I turned its focus to bulk liquid storage in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, coinciding with the western expansion of railroads across the United States and the discovery of oil in the U.S. Southwest. CB&I quickly became known for design engineering and field construction of elevated water storage tanks, aboveground tanks for storage of petroleum and refined products, refinery process vessels and other steel plate structures.
CB&I supported the expansion of oil exploration outside the U.S., starting operations in South America in 1924, in Asia two years later, and in the Middle East in 1939.
Avon reaches around a billion women through 3 million independent sales representatives in 136 countries. The company is committed to its mission of becoming a company that understands and satisfies the product service and self-fulfillment needs of women globally. In line with this mission, the company has been supporting the “Crusade Against Breast Cancer” in order to uplift the lives of women around the world. Through this cause Avon is able to meet business marketing and communications objectives at the same time support a cause of real concern to their target market. Through Avon’s partnerships with various organizations combating breast cancer, the company is able to implement cause-related marketing strategy effectively. Avon’s cause-related marketing strategy has been implemented using a number of different elements of the marketing mix. The Crusade has involved sales of products where a proportion of the price is donated to charity. It has also included sales of charity fundraising products, sponsorship of fashion shows that aim to spread awareness about breast cancer and political lobbying through consumer petitions. Avon has benefited greatly from this association, enhancing their corporate profile, engaging new and existing customers, receiving enormous publicity, fostering feelings of affiliation among staff, representatives and customers, bringing the company’s vision to life (Baker 2003).
Achieving a favorable position in the minds of the consumers and making the product or service attractive to the target market entails careful formulation of the marketing mix. Getting the right mixture of the product, promotion, price, and distribution is important in marketing. The goal of the marketing mix is to portray an image for the product or service that will match with how the organization wants the product or service to be visualized in people’s minds. Marketing mix according to Kotler (2001) is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market.
– The products or services of an organization help in creating an image of the firm in the mind of the consumer. This image is reflected in the customer’s perceptions and feeling about its products or services. The product is the element in the marketing mix that includes all of the issues surrounding the development of the product or service.
– where market demand and the cost of producing the product or service come together and determines the profitability or lack of it.
Promotion – Promotion is consist of all of the methods of communicating the product offering to the target market, such as advertising, publicity, and sales promotion.
– Place is the task of getting the goods to market.
Avon is considered as the world’s largest manufacturer of cosmetics, fragrances and toiletries. Avon’s core offer consists of competitively priced beauty products and gifts.
Avon markets most of its products at moderate price points in relation to the industry. Discounts and price reductions are offered periodically. New brand extension products are priced at approximately the same price as the original brand.
Sales promotion and sales development activities are directed at assisting sales representatives through sales aids like brochures, product samples and demonstration products. In order to support the efforts of sales representatives to reach new customers, specifically designed sales aids, promotional pieces, customer flyers, television and print advertising are used. A number of merchandising techniques are used, including the introduction of new products, the use of combination offers, the use of trial sizes and samples, and the promotion of products packaged as gift items. In general, for each sales campaign, a distinctive brochure is published, in which new products are introduced and selected items are offered as special promotions or are given particular prominence in the brochure.
Avon is the pioneer of direct-selling approach in the cosmetics industry. Avon reaches its customers primarily through its traditional distribution channel made up of a network of 3 million independent sales representatives. The network spans 140 countries over six continents. The vast majority of the representatives are women and all are rewarded on a commission-only basi