abhishreshthaa
Abhijeet S
CA Technologies (NASDAQ: CA), formerly CA, Inc. and Computer Associates, Inc., is a Fortune 500 company and one of the largest independent software corporations in the world.[2] Headquartered in Islandia, New York, CA Technologies manages and secures IT environments and helps organizations deliver more flexible IT services.
Although the company sells anti-virus and internet security programs for consumer personal computers, it is primarily known for its mainframe computer and distributed computing applications and solutions used by businesses with CA Technologies claiming that its software is used by a majority of the Forbes Global 2000 companies.[3]
CA Technologies, which posted $4.4 billion USD in revenue for fiscal year 2010 (ending March 31, 2010),[4] maintains 150 offices in more than 45 countries.[5] The company employs 13,200 people (March 31, 2010) ),[4] including 5900 engineers.[4] CA holds more than 400 patents worldwide, and more than 700 patent applications are pending.[4]
On January 28, 2010, CA Technologies announced that William E. McCracken would be its chairman of the board and chief executive officer.[6]
On May 6, 2010 Arthur F. Weinbach was appointed as Non-Executive Chairman.
In 1969, under regulatory pressure, IBM announced its decision to unbundle the sale of mainframe computers from computer programs and support services.[9] (At this time, the computer industry was dominated by mainframes, principally from IBM.) The decision opened new markets to competition and provided an opportunity for entrepreneurs to enter the nascent software industry — an opportunity that Charles Wang and his friend and business partner Russ Artzt exploited by creating a company to develop and market mainframe software, and they developed several products for the mainframe market, with modest success. In 1976, they obtained the North American distribution rights for CA-Sort, which had previously been distributed by Pansophic Systems under the name PanSort. CA-Sort was originally developed by a Swiss company named Computer Associates, which had been founded by Sam Goodner and Max Sevcik several years earlier. CA-Sort had found success in Europe, but sales in North America hadn't kept pace. Wang and Artzt established a new venture (in partnership with the Swiss company), which they named Trans-American Computer Associates, and went to market with CA-Sort, along with their original products.
Political Influences
Concerning environmental protection the industry has to be aware of several legislation e.g. laws concerning emission or waste disposal ( , 2001, pp.4-5). Food, so as non-food retailers will be influenced by the forthcoming waste management regulations proposed by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), which will increase costs of these businesses.
After past food scares such as ‘BSE’ and the ‘Food and Mouth Disease’, new threats by bovine tuberculosis and chronic wasting disease will sharpen national and supra-national food safety laws and regulations. An animal disease crisis could even “devastate milk- and meat-production” and therefore, the production of ice cream, meat, cheese, etc ( August 2002).
Furthermore, there are standards for nutrient descriptors such as “light”, “reduced fat” and “low fat”, set by governmental and European agencies like the European Food Authority (EFA) (October 20th 2003]).
Especially the UK Competition Commission and the Office of Fair trading (OFT) are ‘watching’ the main players of the UK supermarkets. This is caused by the high cumulative market share of the top five UK supermarkets (between 14%-24%) ( August 2001, pp. 9-30).
Other problems may arise within the e-business, due to too high fees and too complex regulations introduced by the government of the UK and EU compared to other countries such as the USA ( 2003, p. 25).
Economic Influences
The UK food retailing industry is less influenced by seasonality, except the Christmas times were usually a growth in sales occurs.
Another important influence can be found in the prediction of an economic growth in the next years. However, sales have dramatically been decreased in the past three years due to the slowly economic recovery of the USA. Other factors may be seen in the weak economy of Europe and other countries which make an upward trend in sales very hard to achieve (ANovember 2003, p.29).
Social – cultural influences
The UK is experiencing a trend towards healthier food, as well as implying a strong growing awareness of environmental friendly packaging.
However, since the 21st century there has been an increasing consumer preference for quality products with good tastes. The UK population is also becoming more and more experimental within their eating habits. In the past years a trend towards the desire of exotic fruits, fish, etc. may be noted ( August 16th 2003, p. 43).
Technological Influences
In the food retailing industry, specialized equipment and trucks, such as freezer trucks are necessary to guarantee exclusive taste and quality. Therefore, a well–trained workforce is essential.
Although the company sells anti-virus and internet security programs for consumer personal computers, it is primarily known for its mainframe computer and distributed computing applications and solutions used by businesses with CA Technologies claiming that its software is used by a majority of the Forbes Global 2000 companies.[3]
CA Technologies, which posted $4.4 billion USD in revenue for fiscal year 2010 (ending March 31, 2010),[4] maintains 150 offices in more than 45 countries.[5] The company employs 13,200 people (March 31, 2010) ),[4] including 5900 engineers.[4] CA holds more than 400 patents worldwide, and more than 700 patent applications are pending.[4]
On January 28, 2010, CA Technologies announced that William E. McCracken would be its chairman of the board and chief executive officer.[6]
On May 6, 2010 Arthur F. Weinbach was appointed as Non-Executive Chairman.
In 1969, under regulatory pressure, IBM announced its decision to unbundle the sale of mainframe computers from computer programs and support services.[9] (At this time, the computer industry was dominated by mainframes, principally from IBM.) The decision opened new markets to competition and provided an opportunity for entrepreneurs to enter the nascent software industry — an opportunity that Charles Wang and his friend and business partner Russ Artzt exploited by creating a company to develop and market mainframe software, and they developed several products for the mainframe market, with modest success. In 1976, they obtained the North American distribution rights for CA-Sort, which had previously been distributed by Pansophic Systems under the name PanSort. CA-Sort was originally developed by a Swiss company named Computer Associates, which had been founded by Sam Goodner and Max Sevcik several years earlier. CA-Sort had found success in Europe, but sales in North America hadn't kept pace. Wang and Artzt established a new venture (in partnership with the Swiss company), which they named Trans-American Computer Associates, and went to market with CA-Sort, along with their original products.
Political Influences
Concerning environmental protection the industry has to be aware of several legislation e.g. laws concerning emission or waste disposal ( , 2001, pp.4-5). Food, so as non-food retailers will be influenced by the forthcoming waste management regulations proposed by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), which will increase costs of these businesses.
After past food scares such as ‘BSE’ and the ‘Food and Mouth Disease’, new threats by bovine tuberculosis and chronic wasting disease will sharpen national and supra-national food safety laws and regulations. An animal disease crisis could even “devastate milk- and meat-production” and therefore, the production of ice cream, meat, cheese, etc ( August 2002).
Furthermore, there are standards for nutrient descriptors such as “light”, “reduced fat” and “low fat”, set by governmental and European agencies like the European Food Authority (EFA) (October 20th 2003]).
Especially the UK Competition Commission and the Office of Fair trading (OFT) are ‘watching’ the main players of the UK supermarkets. This is caused by the high cumulative market share of the top five UK supermarkets (between 14%-24%) ( August 2001, pp. 9-30).
Other problems may arise within the e-business, due to too high fees and too complex regulations introduced by the government of the UK and EU compared to other countries such as the USA ( 2003, p. 25).
Economic Influences
The UK food retailing industry is less influenced by seasonality, except the Christmas times were usually a growth in sales occurs.
Another important influence can be found in the prediction of an economic growth in the next years. However, sales have dramatically been decreased in the past three years due to the slowly economic recovery of the USA. Other factors may be seen in the weak economy of Europe and other countries which make an upward trend in sales very hard to achieve (ANovember 2003, p.29).
Social – cultural influences
The UK is experiencing a trend towards healthier food, as well as implying a strong growing awareness of environmental friendly packaging.
However, since the 21st century there has been an increasing consumer preference for quality products with good tastes. The UK population is also becoming more and more experimental within their eating habits. In the past years a trend towards the desire of exotic fruits, fish, etc. may be noted ( August 16th 2003, p. 43).
Technological Influences
In the food retailing industry, specialized equipment and trucks, such as freezer trucks are necessary to guarantee exclusive taste and quality. Therefore, a well–trained workforce is essential.