Description
The PPT explains about the performance of one of the most successful employment programs initiated by the Government of India.
How is NREGA doing?
(200 districts, 2006-7)
NREGA: Fundamental Principles Employment on demand. Legal right. Universal entitlement. Participatory approach. Accountability to PRIs. Full transparency.
NREGA: Basic Entitlements
Employment within 15 days of application. Unemployment allowance. Work within 5 kilometres. Minimum wages. Payment within 15 days. No gender discrimination. Basic worksite facilities.
NREGA: Employment Generation, 2006-7
Total: Per job card: Per rural household: Minimum “requirement”:a
a NAC estimate, 2004.
90 crore person-days 24 person-days 17 person-days 200 crore person-days
NREGA Expenditure, 2006-7
Total: Per district: Rs. 8,813 crores Rs. 44.06 crores
Estimated requirement for 200 districts:
Rs. 20,000 crores
Budget allocation for 2007-8 (330 districts): Rs. 13,000 crores
Number of NREGA works, 2006-7
Taken up: Completed: In progress: Approximate number of villages in NREGA districts: 8.3 lakh 3.8 lakh 4.5 lakh
2 lakh
NREGA Employment, 2006-7:
Person-days per rural household
Rajasthan Assam 77 70 Uttar Pradesh Andhra Pradesh 11 10
Madhya Pradesh
North-Easta Chhattisgarh Orissa Uttarakhand Karnataka Jharkhand
56
45 34 21 20 17 14
Haryana
Tamil Nadu Bihar Gujarat Punjab West Bengal Maharashtra Kerala INDIA
9
9 8 7 7 6 4 3 17
Himachal Pradesh 20
Jammu & Kashmir 13
a
Except Assam (approximate figure, based on incomplete data).
Person-days per rural household
Share of Disadvantaged Groups in NREGA Employment
Women: Scheduled Tribes (ST): Scheduled Castes (SC): SC/ST Combined: 40% 36% 26% 62%
Share of Women in NREGA Employment
National average: Highest shares: 40% Tamil Nadu Rajasthan Kerala Andhra Pradesh Bihar Uttar Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir 81% 67% 66% 55% 17% 17% 12% 4%
Lowest shares:
Share of Women in NREGA Employment
Average Expenditure and Labour Costs
Average Expenditure per Person-Day Share of Wages in Total Expenditurea Rs. 98 66%
Average Wage Cost per Person-Daya
aUnskilled
Rs. 64
labour only.
Average Wage Cost per Person-Day
Kerala Maharashtra Haryana Punjab Andhra Pradesh Jharkhand Tamil Nadu 121 104 97 94 86 80 80 Jammu & Kashmir 69 Assam Karnataka North-Easta Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh 67 67 63 63 59 56
Uttarakhand
Bihar West Bengal Himachal Pradesh
a
72
70 70 69
Gujarat
Orissa Rajasthan INDIA
56
53 51 64
Except Assam (approximate figure, based on incomplete data).
NREGA: Employment and Wages, 2006-7
140
Wage rate (Rs/day)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Person-days of work per rural household
CDE-IHD Survey, 2007
A field survey of NREGA was recently conducted by the Centre for Development Economics (CDE) and the Institute of Human Development (IHD), with students from Delhi University and Jawaharlal Nehru University.
Date: Survey Districts: Number of Gram Panchayats: Number of worksites:
May-June 2007 Ranchi (Jharkhand) Surguja (Chhattisgarh) 23 47
Surguja: Positive Findings
Most families have a job card. Awareness levels have improved. Employment on a massive scale. Minimum wages are being paid. Contractors have disappeared. Most of the works are productive. Corruption levels have gone down. Where there is work, NREGA is a lifeline for the rural poor. Massive progress compared with earlier years!
Surguja: Areas of Concern
Work is not “demand-driven”. Long delays in wage payments. Shortage of staff at all levels. Poor worksite facilities (e.g. creches). Violations of the transparency safeguards. Corruption persists.
Survey Findings: Application Process
Were most labourers at this worksite employed in response to an application for work? Ranchi Yes 4% Surguja 11%
No
96%
89%
Survey Findings: Wage Payments
Proportion (%) of worksites where:
Ranchi Most labourers earned the minimum wage Wages were paid in front of the labourersa Wages were paid within 15 days Labourers had complaints about wage payments
a Excluding
Surguja 84
n/a
54 32
79 16
71
90
payments through Banks
Survey Findings: Worksite Facilities
Proportion (%) of worksites with the following facilities:
Ranchi Drinking water Shade for periods of resta “Medicine kit” Crèche
a
Surguja 100 (16) 59 11
64 68 68 4
Not including natural shade.
Survey Findings:Vigilance Committees
Proportion (%) of worksites with:
Ranchi Surguja
Vigilance committee
Active vigilance committee
89
11
84
21
Survey Findings:Estimated “Leakages”
Earlier surveys: Dungarpur, April 2006: Garhwa, October 2006: (negligible) 85%
CDE-IHD survey:
Ranchi Surgujaa
a Gram
33% 5%
Panchayat works.
The Future of NREGA: Critical Issues
Activating the work application process. Implementation of transparency safeguards Timely wage payments. Need for a wage policy. Women’s participation. Redressal systems!
NREGA and Party Politics
doc_849788461.ppt
The PPT explains about the performance of one of the most successful employment programs initiated by the Government of India.
How is NREGA doing?
(200 districts, 2006-7)
NREGA: Fundamental Principles Employment on demand. Legal right. Universal entitlement. Participatory approach. Accountability to PRIs. Full transparency.
NREGA: Basic Entitlements
Employment within 15 days of application. Unemployment allowance. Work within 5 kilometres. Minimum wages. Payment within 15 days. No gender discrimination. Basic worksite facilities.
NREGA: Employment Generation, 2006-7
Total: Per job card: Per rural household: Minimum “requirement”:a
a NAC estimate, 2004.
90 crore person-days 24 person-days 17 person-days 200 crore person-days
NREGA Expenditure, 2006-7
Total: Per district: Rs. 8,813 crores Rs. 44.06 crores
Estimated requirement for 200 districts:
Rs. 20,000 crores
Budget allocation for 2007-8 (330 districts): Rs. 13,000 crores
Number of NREGA works, 2006-7
Taken up: Completed: In progress: Approximate number of villages in NREGA districts: 8.3 lakh 3.8 lakh 4.5 lakh
2 lakh
NREGA Employment, 2006-7:
Person-days per rural household
Rajasthan Assam 77 70 Uttar Pradesh Andhra Pradesh 11 10
Madhya Pradesh
North-Easta Chhattisgarh Orissa Uttarakhand Karnataka Jharkhand
56
45 34 21 20 17 14
Haryana
Tamil Nadu Bihar Gujarat Punjab West Bengal Maharashtra Kerala INDIA
9
9 8 7 7 6 4 3 17
Himachal Pradesh 20
Jammu & Kashmir 13
a
Except Assam (approximate figure, based on incomplete data).
Person-days per rural household
Share of Disadvantaged Groups in NREGA Employment
Women: Scheduled Tribes (ST): Scheduled Castes (SC): SC/ST Combined: 40% 36% 26% 62%
Share of Women in NREGA Employment
National average: Highest shares: 40% Tamil Nadu Rajasthan Kerala Andhra Pradesh Bihar Uttar Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir 81% 67% 66% 55% 17% 17% 12% 4%
Lowest shares:
Share of Women in NREGA Employment
Average Expenditure and Labour Costs
Average Expenditure per Person-Day Share of Wages in Total Expenditurea Rs. 98 66%
Average Wage Cost per Person-Daya
aUnskilled
Rs. 64
labour only.
Average Wage Cost per Person-Day
Kerala Maharashtra Haryana Punjab Andhra Pradesh Jharkhand Tamil Nadu 121 104 97 94 86 80 80 Jammu & Kashmir 69 Assam Karnataka North-Easta Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh 67 67 63 63 59 56
Uttarakhand
Bihar West Bengal Himachal Pradesh
a
72
70 70 69
Gujarat
Orissa Rajasthan INDIA
56
53 51 64
Except Assam (approximate figure, based on incomplete data).
NREGA: Employment and Wages, 2006-7
140
Wage rate (Rs/day)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Person-days of work per rural household
CDE-IHD Survey, 2007
A field survey of NREGA was recently conducted by the Centre for Development Economics (CDE) and the Institute of Human Development (IHD), with students from Delhi University and Jawaharlal Nehru University.
Date: Survey Districts: Number of Gram Panchayats: Number of worksites:
May-June 2007 Ranchi (Jharkhand) Surguja (Chhattisgarh) 23 47
Surguja: Positive Findings
Most families have a job card. Awareness levels have improved. Employment on a massive scale. Minimum wages are being paid. Contractors have disappeared. Most of the works are productive. Corruption levels have gone down. Where there is work, NREGA is a lifeline for the rural poor. Massive progress compared with earlier years!
Surguja: Areas of Concern
Work is not “demand-driven”. Long delays in wage payments. Shortage of staff at all levels. Poor worksite facilities (e.g. creches). Violations of the transparency safeguards. Corruption persists.
Survey Findings: Application Process
Were most labourers at this worksite employed in response to an application for work? Ranchi Yes 4% Surguja 11%
No
96%
89%
Survey Findings: Wage Payments
Proportion (%) of worksites where:
Ranchi Most labourers earned the minimum wage Wages were paid in front of the labourersa Wages were paid within 15 days Labourers had complaints about wage payments
a Excluding
Surguja 84
n/a
54 32
79 16
71
90
payments through Banks
Survey Findings: Worksite Facilities
Proportion (%) of worksites with the following facilities:
Ranchi Drinking water Shade for periods of resta “Medicine kit” Crèche
a
Surguja 100 (16) 59 11
64 68 68 4
Not including natural shade.
Survey Findings:Vigilance Committees
Proportion (%) of worksites with:
Ranchi Surguja
Vigilance committee
Active vigilance committee
89
11
84
21
Survey Findings:Estimated “Leakages”
Earlier surveys: Dungarpur, April 2006: Garhwa, October 2006: (negligible) 85%
CDE-IHD survey:
Ranchi Surgujaa
a Gram
33% 5%
Panchayat works.
The Future of NREGA: Critical Issues
Activating the work application process. Implementation of transparency safeguards Timely wage payments. Need for a wage policy. Women’s participation. Redressal systems!
NREGA and Party Politics
doc_849788461.ppt