Description
New Seven Quality Control Tools
The New Seven Q.C. Tools
Need for the
New Seven Q.C. Tools
- Japanese felt that managers should not only know the
elementary statistical system but also sophisticated
techniques
- The practice of TQC not only requires numerical data but
also verbal data or verbal communication, which may not be
computable
- There should be suitable methods to process these
information with a view to arriving at a complete plan
History of the
New Seven Q.C. Tools
- Committee of J.U.S.E.* - 1972
- Aim was to develop more QC techniques for
use by managerial level staff
- Work in conjunction with original Basic Seven
Tools
- New set of methods (N7) - 1977
*Japanese Union of Scientist and Engineers
History of the
New Seven Q.C. Tools
- Developed to organize verbal data
diagrammatically.
- Basic 7 tools effective for data analysis,
process control, and quality
improvement (numerical data)
- Used together increases TQM
effectiveness
What are the
Basic Seven Q.C. Tools?
´Flow Charts
Run Charts
Histograms
Pareto Diagrams
Cause and Effect Diagrams
Scatter Diagrams
Control Charts
What are the
New Seven Q.C. Tools
´Affinity Diagrams ( K. J. Method)
Relations Diagrams
Tree Diagrams
Matrix Diagrams
Arrow Diagrams
Process Decision Program Charts
Matrix Data Analysis
Relation Between New Seven
Q.C. Tools and Basic Seven Tools
FACTS
Data
Numerical Data Verbal Data
Organize
The Seven New Tools
Information
The Basic Seven Tools
•Generate Ideas
•Formulate plans
•Analytical approach
Define problem after
collecting numerical data
Define problem before
collecting numerical data
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
For Pinpointing the Problem in a Chaotic
Situation and Generating Solution Strategies
- Creative process used by a group to
gather and organize verbal data (ideas,
opinions, issues)
- Organizes the data into groups based
on natural relationship
- Makes it feasible for further analysis
and to find a solution to the problem.
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Constructing an Affinity Diagram
Group Method Approach
´Select a topic
Collect verbal data by brainstorming
Discuss collected info until everyone
understands it thoroughly
Write each item on separate data card
Spread out all cards on table
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Constructing an Affinity Diagram
Group Method Approach (cont.)
Move data cards into groups of similar
themes (natural affinity for each other)
Create a title for each group
·Presents the results
Draw the affinity diagram
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Completing an Affinity Diagram
Topic
Affinity Statement
Data Card Data Card
Data Card Data Card
Affinity Statement
Data Card Data Card
Data Card Data Card
Affinity Statement
Data Card Data Card
Data Card
Affinity Statement
Data Card Data Card
Data Card Data Card
Data Card Data Card
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Advantages of Affinity Diagrams
- Facilitates breakthrough thinking and
stimulate fresh ideas
- Permits the problem to be pinned down
accurately
- Ensures everyone clearly recognizes the
problem
- Incorporates opinions of entire group
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Advantages of Affinity Diagrams
- Fosters team spirit
- Raises everyone’s level of awareness
- Encourages the group into action
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
p Relations Diagram, is a tool for finding solution to
problems that have complex causal relationship.
- Resolves tangled issues by untying the
logical connection
- Allows for “Multi-directional” thinking
rather than linear thinking
- Also known as Interrelationship
diagrams
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Constructing a Relations Diagram
Group Method Approach
´Express the problem in form of “Why
isn’t something happening?”
Each member lists 5 causes affecting
problem
Discuss info collected until everyone
understands it thoroughly
Write each item on a card
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Constructing a Relations Diagram
Group Method Approach (cont.)
Move cards into similar groups
Asking why, explore the cause-effect
relationships, and divide the cards into
primary, secondary and tertiary causes
Connect all cards by these relationships
Further discuss until all possible causes
have been identified
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Constructing a Relations Diagram
Group Method Approach (cont.)
·Connect all related groups
Next, complete the diagram
·Review whole diagram looking for
relationships among causes
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Completing a Relations Diagram
Why doesn’t
X happen?
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Tertiary
Cause
Secondary
Cause
Secondary
Cause
Secondary
Cause
Secondary
Cause
Tertiary
Cause
4th level
Cause
Tertiary
Cause
Tertiary
Cause
4th level
Cause
5th level
Cause
6th level
Cause
Tertiary
Cause
Secondary
Cause
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Advantages of Relations Diagrams
- Useful at planning stage for obtaining
perspective on overall situation
- Facilitates consensus among team
- Enables priorities to be identified
accurately
- Makes the problem recognizable by
clarifying the relationships among causes
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Tree Diagram is a technique for mapping out full
range of paths and tasks that need to be done in
order to achieve a primary goal and related sub
goals.
Such a diagram reveals in a simple way with clarity
not only the magnitude of the problem but also helps
to arrive at methods, which are to be pursued to
achieve the results.
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
For Systematically Pursuing the Best Strategies
for Attaining an Objective
- Develops a succession of strategies for
achieving objectives
- Reveals methods to achieve the results.
- Also known as Systematic diagrams or
Dendrograms
Discuss means of achieving objective
(primary means, first level strategy)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Constructing a Tree Diagram
Group Method Approach
´Write Relations Diagram topic (Objective
card)
Identify constraints on how objective
can be achieved
Take each primary mean, write ob-
jective for achieving it (secondary means)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Constructing an Tree Diagram
Group Method Approach (cont.)
Continue to expand to the fourth level
Review each system of means in both
directions (from objective to means and means to
objective)
Add more cards if needed
Connect all levels
Next, complete the diagram
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Completing a Tree Diagram
To
Accomplish
3rd means
3rd means
Primary means
3rd means
3rd means
Constraints
Primary means
Secondary means
Secondary means
Secondary means
Secondary means
3rd means
3rd means
3rd means
3rd means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Advantages of Tree Diagrams
- Systematic and logical approach - less
likely that items are omitted
- Facilitates agreement among team
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
In the strategic quality planning process, we typically
see interrelated factors. Hence, a change in one factor
will often affect others.
Therefore, we must address trade-offs. We must
discover factor relationships critical to our strategic
plan as soon as possible, in order to deal with them in a
timely fashion.
The matrix diagram offers us a versatile, graphical tool
to facilitate both discovery and trade-offs. The matrix
diagram is designed to facilitate the identification of
relationships between two or more sets of factors.
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
For Clarifying Problems by “Thinking
Multidimensionally”
- Consists of a two-dimensional array to
determine location and nature of
problem
- Discovers key ideas by relationships
represented by the cells in matrix.
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
- Applied when:
interrelationship of the following need to be
presented
-Effects & causes
-Objectives & methods
-People & functions
interrelationship need to be characterized
-Exists or does not exist
-Strong, medium, weak
-type
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Constructing a Matrix Diagram
´Write final-level means from Tree
diagram forming vertical axis
Write in Evaluation categories (efficacy,
practicability, and rank) on horizontal axis.
Write names along horizontal axis
Examine final-level means to identify
who will implement them
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.)
Label group of columns as “Responsibilities”
Label right-hand end of horizontal axis
as “Remarks”
Examine each cell and insert the
appropriate symbol:
Efficacy: O=good, ?=satisfactory, X=none
Practicability: O=good,?=satisfactory, X=none
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.)
·Fill out remarks column and record
meanings of symbol
Next, complete the diagram
·Examine cells under Responsibility
Columns, insert double-circle for
Principal and single-circle for Subsidiary
Determine score for each combination
of symbols, record in rank column
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Completing a Matrix Diagram
O O =1 O =4 Principal
O =2 O X =5 O Subsidiary
=3 X =6
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4th level means
from Tree diagram
O O 1 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O O 1 O
Hold 4 times/month
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O 3 O
At every meeting
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O 2 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O X 5 O
At least 3 times/year/person
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O O 1 O O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
4 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O 2 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O O 1 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O O 1 O
Evaluation Responsibilities
Remarks
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Advantages of Matrix Diagrams
- Enable data or ideas based on extensive
experience
- Clarifies relationships among different
elements
- Makes overall structure of problem
immediately obvious
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
For Working Out Optimal Schedules and
Controlling Them Effectively
- Shows relationships among tasks
needed to implement a plan
- Network technique using nodes for
events and arrows for activities
- Used in PERT (Program Evaluation and Review
Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Constructing an Arrow Diagram
´From strategies, select one (Objective of
Arrow Diagram)
Identify constraints to Objective
Write all essential activities on separate
cards
List all activities necessary to achieving
Objective
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.)
Organize cards in sequential order of
activities
Remove any duplicate activities
Review order of activities, find
sequence with greatest amount of
activities
Arrange parallel activities
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.)
·Record names and other necessary
information
Next, complete the diagram
·Examine path, number nodes in
sequence from left to right
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Completing an Arrow Diagram
Strategy
1
Constraints
Activity
2
4
3 5 9
6 8
7
10 13
12
11
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Advantages of Arrow Diagrams
- Allows overall task to viewed and potential
problems to be identified before work starts
- Leads to discovery of possible improvements
- Makes it easy to monitor progress of work
- Deals promptly with changes to plan
- Improves communication among team
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Advantages of Arrow Diagrams (cont.)
- Promotes understanding and agreement
among group
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
The Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) is a very
useful and powerful method to overcome a problem
or a goal to be achieved. With the help of PDPC we
can map out all the conceivable events or
contingencies that can occur in the implementation
stage and also find out feasible counter measures to
overcome these problems.
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
For Producing the Desired Result from Many
Possible Outcomes
- Used to plan various contingencies
- Used for getting activities back on track
- Steers events in required direction if
unanticipated problems occur
- Finds feasible counter measures to
overcome problems
Constructing a PDPC
´Select a highly effective, but difficult
strategy from the Tree diagram
Decide on a goal (most desirable outcome)
Identify constraints of objective
Identify existing situation (Starting point)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
List activities to reach goal and potential
problems with each activity
Constructing an PDPC (cont.)
Review list. Add extra activities or
problems not thought of previously
Prepare contingency plan for each step
and review what action is needed if
step is not achieved
Examine carefully to check for
inconsistencies and all important factors
are included
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
Constructing an PDPC (cont.)
Next, complete the diagram
·Examine to make sure all contingency
plans are adequate
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
Completing a PDPC
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
Start
GOAL
YES YES
NO NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
Advantages of Process Decisions Program
Charts (PDPC’s)
- Facilitates forecasting
- Uses past to anticipate contingencies
- Enables problems to pinpointed
- Illustrates how events will be directed to
successful conclusion
- Enables those involved to understand
decision-makers intentions
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Principal Component Analysis
- Technique quantifies and arranges data
presented in Matrix
- Based solely on numerical data
- Finds indicators that differentiate and
attempt to clarify large amount of
information
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Advantages of Principal Component Analysis
- Can be used in various fields (market surveys,
new product planning, process analysis)
- Can be used when Matrix diagram does
not give sufficient information
- Useful as Prioritization Grid
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Constructing a Prioritization Grid
´Determine your goal, your alternatives,
and criteria for decision
Place selection in order of importance
Sum individual ratings to establish
overall ranking (Divide by number of options
for average ranking)
Apply percentage weight to each option
(all weights should add up to 1)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Constructing a Prioritization Grid (cont.)
Rank order each option with respect to
criterion (Average the rankings and apply a
completed ranking)
Multiply weight by associated rank in
Matrix (in example, 4 is best, 1 is worst)
Result is Importance Score
Add up Importance Scores for each
option
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Constructing a Prioritization Grid (cont.)
See completed the diagram
·Rank order the alternatives according to
importance
Completing a Prioritization Grid
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Source: Foster, S., Managing Quality (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001)
Cost Reliability
Options
Design A
.30 .20
3 3
.90 .60 3.2 1 (tie)
Design B
.40 .10
4 1
1.6 .10 3.0 2
Design C
.25 .25
2 4
.50 1 2.5 3
Design D
.10 .20
1 3
.10 .60 3.2 1 (tie)
1.05 .75
.26 .19
2 4
Importance
Sum Score
Option
Ranking (least important)
Strength
Importance score
Rank
Percentage weight
Percentage weight
Rank
Importance score
Percentage weight
Rank
Importance score
Percentage weight
Rank
Importance score
Sum of weights
Average weight
Criterion Ranking
Customer Acceptance
(most important)
.40
4
1.6
.30
3
.90
.25
1
.25
0.3
3
.90
1.25
2
.40
.25
.75
.10
1
.10
.20
.95
.24
3
Criteria
.40
4
3
1.6
.31
1
Summary
New Seven Q.C. Tools
1- Provide Training in Thinking
2- Raise People’s Problem Solving Confidence
3- Increase People’s Ability to Predict Future Events
Benefits of New Seven Q.C. Tools
1- Express verbal data diagrammatically
2- Make information visible
3- Organize information intelligibly
4- Clarify overall picture and fine details
5- Get more people involved
Roles of New Seven Q.C. Tools
Thank You
doc_277205505.pptx
New Seven Quality Control Tools
The New Seven Q.C. Tools
Need for the
New Seven Q.C. Tools
- Japanese felt that managers should not only know the
elementary statistical system but also sophisticated
techniques
- The practice of TQC not only requires numerical data but
also verbal data or verbal communication, which may not be
computable
- There should be suitable methods to process these
information with a view to arriving at a complete plan
History of the
New Seven Q.C. Tools
- Committee of J.U.S.E.* - 1972
- Aim was to develop more QC techniques for
use by managerial level staff
- Work in conjunction with original Basic Seven
Tools
- New set of methods (N7) - 1977
*Japanese Union of Scientist and Engineers
History of the
New Seven Q.C. Tools
- Developed to organize verbal data
diagrammatically.
- Basic 7 tools effective for data analysis,
process control, and quality
improvement (numerical data)
- Used together increases TQM
effectiveness
What are the
Basic Seven Q.C. Tools?
´Flow Charts
Run Charts
Histograms
Pareto Diagrams
Cause and Effect Diagrams
Scatter Diagrams
Control Charts
What are the
New Seven Q.C. Tools
´Affinity Diagrams ( K. J. Method)
Relations Diagrams
Tree Diagrams
Matrix Diagrams
Arrow Diagrams
Process Decision Program Charts
Matrix Data Analysis
Relation Between New Seven
Q.C. Tools and Basic Seven Tools
FACTS
Data
Numerical Data Verbal Data
Organize
The Seven New Tools
Information
The Basic Seven Tools
•Generate Ideas
•Formulate plans
•Analytical approach
Define problem after
collecting numerical data
Define problem before
collecting numerical data
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
For Pinpointing the Problem in a Chaotic
Situation and Generating Solution Strategies
- Creative process used by a group to
gather and organize verbal data (ideas,
opinions, issues)
- Organizes the data into groups based
on natural relationship
- Makes it feasible for further analysis
and to find a solution to the problem.
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Constructing an Affinity Diagram
Group Method Approach
´Select a topic
Collect verbal data by brainstorming
Discuss collected info until everyone
understands it thoroughly
Write each item on separate data card
Spread out all cards on table
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Constructing an Affinity Diagram
Group Method Approach (cont.)
Move data cards into groups of similar
themes (natural affinity for each other)
Create a title for each group
·Presents the results
Draw the affinity diagram
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Completing an Affinity Diagram
Topic
Affinity Statement
Data Card Data Card
Data Card Data Card
Affinity Statement
Data Card Data Card
Data Card Data Card
Affinity Statement
Data Card Data Card
Data Card
Affinity Statement
Data Card Data Card
Data Card Data Card
Data Card Data Card
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Advantages of Affinity Diagrams
- Facilitates breakthrough thinking and
stimulate fresh ideas
- Permits the problem to be pinned down
accurately
- Ensures everyone clearly recognizes the
problem
- Incorporates opinions of entire group
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Advantages of Affinity Diagrams
- Fosters team spirit
- Raises everyone’s level of awareness
- Encourages the group into action
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
p Relations Diagram, is a tool for finding solution to
problems that have complex causal relationship.
- Resolves tangled issues by untying the
logical connection
- Allows for “Multi-directional” thinking
rather than linear thinking
- Also known as Interrelationship
diagrams
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Constructing a Relations Diagram
Group Method Approach
´Express the problem in form of “Why
isn’t something happening?”
Each member lists 5 causes affecting
problem
Discuss info collected until everyone
understands it thoroughly
Write each item on a card
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Constructing a Relations Diagram
Group Method Approach (cont.)
Move cards into similar groups
Asking why, explore the cause-effect
relationships, and divide the cards into
primary, secondary and tertiary causes
Connect all cards by these relationships
Further discuss until all possible causes
have been identified
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Constructing a Relations Diagram
Group Method Approach (cont.)
·Connect all related groups
Next, complete the diagram
·Review whole diagram looking for
relationships among causes
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Completing a Relations Diagram
Why doesn’t
X happen?
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Tertiary
Cause
Secondary
Cause
Secondary
Cause
Secondary
Cause
Secondary
Cause
Tertiary
Cause
4th level
Cause
Tertiary
Cause
Tertiary
Cause
4th level
Cause
5th level
Cause
6th level
Cause
Tertiary
Cause
Secondary
Cause
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Advantages of Relations Diagrams
- Useful at planning stage for obtaining
perspective on overall situation
- Facilitates consensus among team
- Enables priorities to be identified
accurately
- Makes the problem recognizable by
clarifying the relationships among causes
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Tree Diagram is a technique for mapping out full
range of paths and tasks that need to be done in
order to achieve a primary goal and related sub
goals.
Such a diagram reveals in a simple way with clarity
not only the magnitude of the problem but also helps
to arrive at methods, which are to be pursued to
achieve the results.
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
For Systematically Pursuing the Best Strategies
for Attaining an Objective
- Develops a succession of strategies for
achieving objectives
- Reveals methods to achieve the results.
- Also known as Systematic diagrams or
Dendrograms
Discuss means of achieving objective
(primary means, first level strategy)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Constructing a Tree Diagram
Group Method Approach
´Write Relations Diagram topic (Objective
card)
Identify constraints on how objective
can be achieved
Take each primary mean, write ob-
jective for achieving it (secondary means)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Constructing an Tree Diagram
Group Method Approach (cont.)
Continue to expand to the fourth level
Review each system of means in both
directions (from objective to means and means to
objective)
Add more cards if needed
Connect all levels
Next, complete the diagram
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Completing a Tree Diagram
To
Accomplish
3rd means
3rd means
Primary means
3rd means
3rd means
Constraints
Primary means
Secondary means
Secondary means
Secondary means
Secondary means
3rd means
3rd means
3rd means
3rd means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Advantages of Tree Diagrams
- Systematic and logical approach - less
likely that items are omitted
- Facilitates agreement among team
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
In the strategic quality planning process, we typically
see interrelated factors. Hence, a change in one factor
will often affect others.
Therefore, we must address trade-offs. We must
discover factor relationships critical to our strategic
plan as soon as possible, in order to deal with them in a
timely fashion.
The matrix diagram offers us a versatile, graphical tool
to facilitate both discovery and trade-offs. The matrix
diagram is designed to facilitate the identification of
relationships between two or more sets of factors.
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
For Clarifying Problems by “Thinking
Multidimensionally”
- Consists of a two-dimensional array to
determine location and nature of
problem
- Discovers key ideas by relationships
represented by the cells in matrix.
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
- Applied when:
interrelationship of the following need to be
presented
-Effects & causes
-Objectives & methods
-People & functions
interrelationship need to be characterized
-Exists or does not exist
-Strong, medium, weak
-type
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Constructing a Matrix Diagram
´Write final-level means from Tree
diagram forming vertical axis
Write in Evaluation categories (efficacy,
practicability, and rank) on horizontal axis.
Write names along horizontal axis
Examine final-level means to identify
who will implement them
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.)
Label group of columns as “Responsibilities”
Label right-hand end of horizontal axis
as “Remarks”
Examine each cell and insert the
appropriate symbol:
Efficacy: O=good, ?=satisfactory, X=none
Practicability: O=good,?=satisfactory, X=none
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.)
·Fill out remarks column and record
meanings of symbol
Next, complete the diagram
·Examine cells under Responsibility
Columns, insert double-circle for
Principal and single-circle for Subsidiary
Determine score for each combination
of symbols, record in rank column
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Completing a Matrix Diagram
O O =1 O =4 Principal
O =2 O X =5 O Subsidiary
=3 X =6
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4th level means
from Tree diagram
O O 1 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O O 1 O
Hold 4 times/month
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O 3 O
At every meeting
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O 2 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O X 5 O
At least 3 times/year/person
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O O 1 O O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
4 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O 2 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O O 1 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram
O O 1 O
Evaluation Responsibilities
Remarks
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Advantages of Matrix Diagrams
- Enable data or ideas based on extensive
experience
- Clarifies relationships among different
elements
- Makes overall structure of problem
immediately obvious
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
For Working Out Optimal Schedules and
Controlling Them Effectively
- Shows relationships among tasks
needed to implement a plan
- Network technique using nodes for
events and arrows for activities
- Used in PERT (Program Evaluation and Review
Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Constructing an Arrow Diagram
´From strategies, select one (Objective of
Arrow Diagram)
Identify constraints to Objective
Write all essential activities on separate
cards
List all activities necessary to achieving
Objective
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.)
Organize cards in sequential order of
activities
Remove any duplicate activities
Review order of activities, find
sequence with greatest amount of
activities
Arrange parallel activities
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.)
·Record names and other necessary
information
Next, complete the diagram
·Examine path, number nodes in
sequence from left to right
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Completing an Arrow Diagram
Strategy
1
Constraints
Activity
2
4
3 5 9
6 8
7
10 13
12
11
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Advantages of Arrow Diagrams
- Allows overall task to viewed and potential
problems to be identified before work starts
- Leads to discovery of possible improvements
- Makes it easy to monitor progress of work
- Deals promptly with changes to plan
- Improves communication among team
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Advantages of Arrow Diagrams (cont.)
- Promotes understanding and agreement
among group
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
The Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) is a very
useful and powerful method to overcome a problem
or a goal to be achieved. With the help of PDPC we
can map out all the conceivable events or
contingencies that can occur in the implementation
stage and also find out feasible counter measures to
overcome these problems.
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
For Producing the Desired Result from Many
Possible Outcomes
- Used to plan various contingencies
- Used for getting activities back on track
- Steers events in required direction if
unanticipated problems occur
- Finds feasible counter measures to
overcome problems
Constructing a PDPC
´Select a highly effective, but difficult
strategy from the Tree diagram
Decide on a goal (most desirable outcome)
Identify constraints of objective
Identify existing situation (Starting point)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
List activities to reach goal and potential
problems with each activity
Constructing an PDPC (cont.)
Review list. Add extra activities or
problems not thought of previously
Prepare contingency plan for each step
and review what action is needed if
step is not achieved
Examine carefully to check for
inconsistencies and all important factors
are included
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
Constructing an PDPC (cont.)
Next, complete the diagram
·Examine to make sure all contingency
plans are adequate
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
Completing a PDPC
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
Start
GOAL
YES YES
NO NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
Advantages of Process Decisions Program
Charts (PDPC’s)
- Facilitates forecasting
- Uses past to anticipate contingencies
- Enables problems to pinpointed
- Illustrates how events will be directed to
successful conclusion
- Enables those involved to understand
decision-makers intentions
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program
Charts
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Principal Component Analysis
- Technique quantifies and arranges data
presented in Matrix
- Based solely on numerical data
- Finds indicators that differentiate and
attempt to clarify large amount of
information
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Advantages of Principal Component Analysis
- Can be used in various fields (market surveys,
new product planning, process analysis)
- Can be used when Matrix diagram does
not give sufficient information
- Useful as Prioritization Grid
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Constructing a Prioritization Grid
´Determine your goal, your alternatives,
and criteria for decision
Place selection in order of importance
Sum individual ratings to establish
overall ranking (Divide by number of options
for average ranking)
Apply percentage weight to each option
(all weights should add up to 1)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Constructing a Prioritization Grid (cont.)
Rank order each option with respect to
criterion (Average the rankings and apply a
completed ranking)
Multiply weight by associated rank in
Matrix (in example, 4 is best, 1 is worst)
Result is Importance Score
Add up Importance Scores for each
option
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Constructing a Prioritization Grid (cont.)
See completed the diagram
·Rank order the alternatives according to
importance
Completing a Prioritization Grid
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Source: Foster, S., Managing Quality (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001)
Cost Reliability
Options
Design A
.30 .20
3 3
.90 .60 3.2 1 (tie)
Design B
.40 .10
4 1
1.6 .10 3.0 2
Design C
.25 .25
2 4
.50 1 2.5 3
Design D
.10 .20
1 3
.10 .60 3.2 1 (tie)
1.05 .75
.26 .19
2 4
Importance
Sum Score
Option
Ranking (least important)
Strength
Importance score
Rank
Percentage weight
Percentage weight
Rank
Importance score
Percentage weight
Rank
Importance score
Percentage weight
Rank
Importance score
Sum of weights
Average weight
Criterion Ranking
Customer Acceptance
(most important)
.40
4
1.6
.30
3
.90
.25
1
.25
0.3
3
.90
1.25
2
.40
.25
.75
.10
1
.10
.20
.95
.24
3
Criteria
.40
4
3
1.6
.31
1
Summary
New Seven Q.C. Tools
1- Provide Training in Thinking
2- Raise People’s Problem Solving Confidence
3- Increase People’s Ability to Predict Future Events
Benefits of New Seven Q.C. Tools
1- Express verbal data diagrammatically
2- Make information visible
3- Organize information intelligibly
4- Clarify overall picture and fine details
5- Get more people involved
Roles of New Seven Q.C. Tools
Thank You
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