Description
NEW MEDIA PROFILES
AMITY SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION
NEW MEDIA II ASSIGNMENT
WEB PORTAL & BUSINESS MODEL
SUBJECT GUIDE: SAPAN KUMAR GUPTA
SUBMITTED BY: KOPAL CHOUBEY A2021311023 MBA MM 2011-2013
WEB PORTALS
Web portals are organized gateways that help to structure the access to information found on the Internet. Much more than a simple search engine, the web portal usually includes customizable access to data such as stock reports, local, regional, and national news, and email services. Most of the better-known portals are commonly identified as search engines, although they offer much more than simply the ability to search the Internet. While many people assume that the web portal has been around since the invention of the Internet that is not the case. The earliest tools used to gain access to online data were simple engines that allowed users to search for keywords or key phrases to find online pages, and were known as web directories. As it became possible to broaden the use of this feature to include the ability to enter a specific web address as a means of connecting with a web site, these tools evolved into what is known as a search engine. A true web portal offers both of these functions, plus a great deal more. Along with the ability to browse the Internet using keywords and to enter web addresses to reach specific pages online, web portals also provide services such as the ability to set up a customized user page that provides instant access to weather reports. Those pages also provide access to current stock market activity, profiles of other users that utilize the portal, and various types of news that is of interest to the individual user. Online portals also offer free email services that can be accessed from this main page, using specific login credentials. Those same credentials are also utilized to allow the user access to services like online messaging, social networks, and personals advertisements. While there are many web portals designed for general use by consumers, there are also portals that are created for the use of authorized personnel only. This is the case with the corporate or business web portal. In this case, access to the portal is limited to those with login credentials issued and managed by the employer. Portals of this type are helpful in allowing employees who are traveling to access corporate servers and connect with documents and other data saved on the server. Corporate portals may also be configured to allow customers to browse, search, and purchase goods and services from the company. Government portals are another example of a private web portal. As with the corporate model, users must have authorized access to the portal in the form of login credentials, security clearance, and other proprietary access codes in order to use the portal. This helps to ensure that employees can only gain access to data that is considered within their area of responsibility, and effectively prevents the use of proprietary data by unauthorized individuals virtually impossible.
Due to the ongoing development of Internet technology, there is every reason to believe that web portals will continue to evolve over time. Just as many of the functions associated with portals today were not available a few years ago, new features are sure to emerge in the years to come. Many of these will be driven not only by customer demand, but also by the growing reliance of businesses of all sizes on the services provided online.
CLASSIFICATION
Web portals are sometimes classified as horizontal or vertical. A horizontal portal is used as a platform to several companies in the same economic sector or to the same type of manufacturers or distributors. A vertical portal (also known as a "vortal") is a specialized entry point to a specific market or industry niche, subject area, or interest. Some vertical portals are known as "vertical information portals" (VIPs). VIPs provide news, editorial content, digital publications, and e-commerce capabilities. In contrast to traditional vertical portals, VIPs also provide dynamic multimedia applications including social networking, video posting, and blogging.
TYPES OF WEB PORTALS
PERSONAL PORTALS
A personal portal is a site on the World Wide Web that typically provides personalized capabilities to its visitors, providing a pathway to other content. It is designed to use distributed applications, different numbers and types of middleware and hardware to provide services from a number of different sources. In addition, business portals are designed for sharing and collaboration in workplaces. A further business-driven requirement of portals is that the content be able to work on multiple platforms such as personal computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and cell phones/mobile phones. Information, news, and updates are examples of content that would be delivered through such a portal. Personal portals can be related to any specific topic such as providing friend information on a social network or providing links to outside content that may help others beyond your reach of services. Portals are not limited to simply providing links. Information or content that is placed on the web may create a portal in the sense of a path to new knowledge and capabilities.
NEWS PORTALS
The traditional media rooms all around the world are fast adapting to the new age technologies. This marks the beginning of news portals by media houses across the globe. This new media channels give them the opportunity to reach the viewers in a shorter span of time than their print media counterparts.
GOVERNMENT WEB PORTALS
At the end of the dot-com boom in the 1990s, many governments had already committed to creating portal sites for their citizens. These included primary portals to the governments as well as portals developed for specific audiences. Examples of government web portals include; ? ? ? ? ? ? ? australia.gov.au for Australia. newzealand.govt.nz for New Zealand. USA.gov for the United States (in English) & GobiernoUSA.gov (in Spanish). Disability.gov for citizens with disabilities in the United States. gov.uk for citizens & businesslink.gov.uk for businesses in the United Kingdom. india.gov.in for India. Europa (web portal) links to all EU agencies and institutions in addition to press releases and audiovisual content from press conferences.
? ?
Health-EU portal gathers all relevant health topics from across Europe. National Resource Directory links to resources for United States Service Members, Veterans and their families (NRD.gov).
CULTURAL PORTALS
Cultural portal aggregate digitised cultural collections of galleries, libraries (see: library portal), archives and museums. This type of portals provides a point of access to invisible web cultural content that may not be indexed by standard search engines. Digitised collections can include books, artworks, photography, journals, newspapers, music, sound recordings, film, maps, diaries and letters, and archived websites as well as the descriptive metadata associated with each type of cultural work. These portals are usually based around specific national or regional groupings of institutions. Examples of cultural portals include: ? ? ? ? DigitalNZ – A cultural portal led by the National Library of New Zealand focused on New Zealand digital content. Europeana – A cultural portal for the European Union based in the National Library of the Netherlands and overseen by the Europeana Foundation. Trove – A cultural portal led by the National Library of Australia focused on Australian content. In development - Digital Public Library of America
CORPORATE WEB PORTALS
Main article: Intranet portal Corporate intranets became common during the 1990s. As intranets grew in size and complexity, webmasters were faced with increasing content and user management challenges. A consolidated view of company information was judged insufficient; users wanted personalization and customization. Webmasters, if skilled enough, were able to offer some capabilities, but for the most part ended up driving users away from using the intranet. Many companies began to offer tools to help webmasters manage their data, applications and information more easily, and through personalized views. Portal solutions can also include workflow management, collaboration between work groups, and policy-managed content publication. Most can allow internal and external access to specific corporate information using secure authentication or single sign-on.
JSR168 Standards emerged around 2001. Java Specification Request (JSR) 168 standards allow the interoperability of portlets across different portal platforms. These standards allow portal developers, administrators and consumers to integrate standards-based portals and portlets across a variety of vendor solutions. The concept of content aggregation seems to still gain momentum and portal solution will likely continue to evolve significantly over the next few years. The Gartner Group predicts generation 8 portals to expand on the Business Mashups concept of delivering a variety of information, tools, applications and access points through a single mechanism.[citation needed] With the increase in user generated content, disparate data silos, and file formats, information architects and taxonomist will be required to allow users the ability to tag (classify) the data. This will ultimately cause a ripple effect where users will also be generating ad hoc navigation and information flows. Corporate Portals also offer customers & employees self-service opportunities.
STOCK PORTALS
Also known as stock-share portals, stock market portals or stock exchange portals are Webbased applications that facilitates the process of informing the share-holders with substantial online data such as the latest price, ask/bids, the latest News, reports and announcements. Some stock portals use online gateways through a central depository system (CDS) for the visitors (ram) to buy or sell their shares or manage their portfolio.
SEARCH PORTALS
Search portals aggregate results from several search engines into one page.
TENDER'S PORTALS
Tender's portals stands for a gateway to search/ modify/ submit/ archive data on tenders and professional processing of continuous online tenders. With a tender portal the complete tendering process—submitting of proposals, assessment, administration—are done on the web. Electronic or online tendering is just carrying out the same traditional tendering process in an electronic form, using the Internet. Using online tendering, bidders can do any of the following: ? Receive notification of the tenders.
? ? ? ?
Receive tender documents online. Fill out the forms online. Submit proposals and documents. Submit bids online.
HOSTED WEB PORTALS
Hosted web portals gained popularity a number of companies began offering them as a hosted service. The hosted portal market fundamentally changed the composition of portals. In many ways they served simply as a tool for publishing information instead of the loftier goals of integrating legacy applications or presenting correlated data from distributed databases. The early hosted portal companies such as Hyperoffice.com or the now defunct InternetPortal.com focused on collaboration and scheduling in addition to the distribution of corporate data. As hosted web portals have risen in popularity their feature set has grown to include hosted databases, document management, email, discussion forums and more. Hosted portals automatically personalize the content generated from their modules to provide a personalized experience to their users. In this regard they have remained true to the original goals of the earlier corporate web portals. Emerging new classes of internet portals called Cloud Portals are showcasing the power of API (Application Programming Interface) rich software systems leveraging SOA (service oriented architecture, web services, and custom data exchange) to accommodate machine to machine interaction creating a more fluid user experience for connecting users spanning multiple domains during a given "session". Leading cloud portals like Nubifer Cloud Portal: [1] showcase what is possible using Enterprise Mashup and Web Service integration approaches to building cloud portals.
DOMAIN-SPECIFIC PORTALS
A number of portals have come about that are specific to the particular domain, offering access to related companies and services, a prime example of this trend would be the growth in property portals that give access to services such as estate agents, removal firm, and solicitors that offer conveyancing. Along the same lines, industry-specific news and information portals have appeared, such as the clinical trials specific portal: IFPMA Clinical Trials Portal
E COMMERCE
Key Elements of a Business Model
Value proposition Revenue model Market opportunity
Why should the customer buy from you? How will you earn money? What market space do you intend to serve, and what is its size? Who else occupies your intended market space? What special advantages does your firm bring to the market space? How do you plan to promote your products or services to attract your target audience? What kinds of experiences and background are important for the company’s leaders to have? What types of organizational structures within the firm are necessary to carry out the business plan?
Competitive environment Competitive advantage
Market strategy
Management team Organizational development
A business model represents how a company makes or intends to make money by turning its innovation into profit. (See References 2, 3 and 4) Since 2000, theorists have created dozens of lists of business model components, all differing slightly from one another. Three Swiss business professors, Alexander Ostenwalder, Yves Pigneur, and Christopher L. Tucci, analyzed various models and found that the components fell into nine major categories. A 10th component, outside the nine categories, is the producer.
Producer Each model includes the entity that offers a product or service. In most models, the company itself fills this position and is the producer of the product. Sometimes, for example, the company delivers, rather than makes, the product. That company, then, is the producer of the delivery system. Offer or Value Proposition The value proposition is the perceived value your products provide as the solution to the consumer's problem or need. Typically this is a physical product, but services, digital products, intellectual property and ideas are all value propositions. Often, companies will offer a product and a related service together, such as a car and its maintenance. Target Market Segment The targeted market is the group of consumers your plan to offer the value of your product to. Since different markets use the same or similar products, adding multiple segments can increase the potential gain for your company. Distribution or Movement Channel Getting your product to its target market, from advertising to retail outlet, is the distribution, or movement, channel. This establishes the means by which your business relates to your customers. Consumer Relationship How you establish relationships with your various customer segments is your consumer relationship. It defines how you gain their trust and deliver your product. Brand recognition falls under this area, as does customer service. Value and Resource Configuration How you utilize the activities, personnel, and resources necessary to produce your product are your value and resource configuration or value chain. This configuration is the basis for your cost and revenue structures. Core Competency The basic knowledge, skill set, abilities, and expertise required to produce your product is your core competency. Initially, it rests in the owner-innovator and the team she surrounds herself with to bring the product to market.
Network or Affiliation Partners The partner network represents agreements between your business and other companies necessary to produce and market your product. They include materials and parts suppliers, retail outlets, shippers, advertising agencies, and media outlets. Commercializing the value of your product relies on your partnerships. Cost Structures The expense required to manufacture a product or provide a service is the cost structure. This includes fixed costs such as leases or mortgage payments, and variable costs, such as research and development, marketing, shipping, and payroll. The ratio of fixed costs to variable costs represents the cost structure. Revenue Streams The ways a company makes income are its revenue streams. Most often this is income due to sales. However, it can refer to bartered goods and value-added returns from consumers, partners or third parties such as unsolicited viral or social marketing.
doc_234048977.docx
NEW MEDIA PROFILES
AMITY SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION
NEW MEDIA II ASSIGNMENT
WEB PORTAL & BUSINESS MODEL
SUBJECT GUIDE: SAPAN KUMAR GUPTA
SUBMITTED BY: KOPAL CHOUBEY A2021311023 MBA MM 2011-2013
WEB PORTALS
Web portals are organized gateways that help to structure the access to information found on the Internet. Much more than a simple search engine, the web portal usually includes customizable access to data such as stock reports, local, regional, and national news, and email services. Most of the better-known portals are commonly identified as search engines, although they offer much more than simply the ability to search the Internet. While many people assume that the web portal has been around since the invention of the Internet that is not the case. The earliest tools used to gain access to online data were simple engines that allowed users to search for keywords or key phrases to find online pages, and were known as web directories. As it became possible to broaden the use of this feature to include the ability to enter a specific web address as a means of connecting with a web site, these tools evolved into what is known as a search engine. A true web portal offers both of these functions, plus a great deal more. Along with the ability to browse the Internet using keywords and to enter web addresses to reach specific pages online, web portals also provide services such as the ability to set up a customized user page that provides instant access to weather reports. Those pages also provide access to current stock market activity, profiles of other users that utilize the portal, and various types of news that is of interest to the individual user. Online portals also offer free email services that can be accessed from this main page, using specific login credentials. Those same credentials are also utilized to allow the user access to services like online messaging, social networks, and personals advertisements. While there are many web portals designed for general use by consumers, there are also portals that are created for the use of authorized personnel only. This is the case with the corporate or business web portal. In this case, access to the portal is limited to those with login credentials issued and managed by the employer. Portals of this type are helpful in allowing employees who are traveling to access corporate servers and connect with documents and other data saved on the server. Corporate portals may also be configured to allow customers to browse, search, and purchase goods and services from the company. Government portals are another example of a private web portal. As with the corporate model, users must have authorized access to the portal in the form of login credentials, security clearance, and other proprietary access codes in order to use the portal. This helps to ensure that employees can only gain access to data that is considered within their area of responsibility, and effectively prevents the use of proprietary data by unauthorized individuals virtually impossible.
Due to the ongoing development of Internet technology, there is every reason to believe that web portals will continue to evolve over time. Just as many of the functions associated with portals today were not available a few years ago, new features are sure to emerge in the years to come. Many of these will be driven not only by customer demand, but also by the growing reliance of businesses of all sizes on the services provided online.
CLASSIFICATION
Web portals are sometimes classified as horizontal or vertical. A horizontal portal is used as a platform to several companies in the same economic sector or to the same type of manufacturers or distributors. A vertical portal (also known as a "vortal") is a specialized entry point to a specific market or industry niche, subject area, or interest. Some vertical portals are known as "vertical information portals" (VIPs). VIPs provide news, editorial content, digital publications, and e-commerce capabilities. In contrast to traditional vertical portals, VIPs also provide dynamic multimedia applications including social networking, video posting, and blogging.
TYPES OF WEB PORTALS
PERSONAL PORTALS
A personal portal is a site on the World Wide Web that typically provides personalized capabilities to its visitors, providing a pathway to other content. It is designed to use distributed applications, different numbers and types of middleware and hardware to provide services from a number of different sources. In addition, business portals are designed for sharing and collaboration in workplaces. A further business-driven requirement of portals is that the content be able to work on multiple platforms such as personal computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and cell phones/mobile phones. Information, news, and updates are examples of content that would be delivered through such a portal. Personal portals can be related to any specific topic such as providing friend information on a social network or providing links to outside content that may help others beyond your reach of services. Portals are not limited to simply providing links. Information or content that is placed on the web may create a portal in the sense of a path to new knowledge and capabilities.
NEWS PORTALS
The traditional media rooms all around the world are fast adapting to the new age technologies. This marks the beginning of news portals by media houses across the globe. This new media channels give them the opportunity to reach the viewers in a shorter span of time than their print media counterparts.
GOVERNMENT WEB PORTALS
At the end of the dot-com boom in the 1990s, many governments had already committed to creating portal sites for their citizens. These included primary portals to the governments as well as portals developed for specific audiences. Examples of government web portals include; ? ? ? ? ? ? ? australia.gov.au for Australia. newzealand.govt.nz for New Zealand. USA.gov for the United States (in English) & GobiernoUSA.gov (in Spanish). Disability.gov for citizens with disabilities in the United States. gov.uk for citizens & businesslink.gov.uk for businesses in the United Kingdom. india.gov.in for India. Europa (web portal) links to all EU agencies and institutions in addition to press releases and audiovisual content from press conferences.
? ?
Health-EU portal gathers all relevant health topics from across Europe. National Resource Directory links to resources for United States Service Members, Veterans and their families (NRD.gov).
CULTURAL PORTALS
Cultural portal aggregate digitised cultural collections of galleries, libraries (see: library portal), archives and museums. This type of portals provides a point of access to invisible web cultural content that may not be indexed by standard search engines. Digitised collections can include books, artworks, photography, journals, newspapers, music, sound recordings, film, maps, diaries and letters, and archived websites as well as the descriptive metadata associated with each type of cultural work. These portals are usually based around specific national or regional groupings of institutions. Examples of cultural portals include: ? ? ? ? DigitalNZ – A cultural portal led by the National Library of New Zealand focused on New Zealand digital content. Europeana – A cultural portal for the European Union based in the National Library of the Netherlands and overseen by the Europeana Foundation. Trove – A cultural portal led by the National Library of Australia focused on Australian content. In development - Digital Public Library of America
CORPORATE WEB PORTALS
Main article: Intranet portal Corporate intranets became common during the 1990s. As intranets grew in size and complexity, webmasters were faced with increasing content and user management challenges. A consolidated view of company information was judged insufficient; users wanted personalization and customization. Webmasters, if skilled enough, were able to offer some capabilities, but for the most part ended up driving users away from using the intranet. Many companies began to offer tools to help webmasters manage their data, applications and information more easily, and through personalized views. Portal solutions can also include workflow management, collaboration between work groups, and policy-managed content publication. Most can allow internal and external access to specific corporate information using secure authentication or single sign-on.
JSR168 Standards emerged around 2001. Java Specification Request (JSR) 168 standards allow the interoperability of portlets across different portal platforms. These standards allow portal developers, administrators and consumers to integrate standards-based portals and portlets across a variety of vendor solutions. The concept of content aggregation seems to still gain momentum and portal solution will likely continue to evolve significantly over the next few years. The Gartner Group predicts generation 8 portals to expand on the Business Mashups concept of delivering a variety of information, tools, applications and access points through a single mechanism.[citation needed] With the increase in user generated content, disparate data silos, and file formats, information architects and taxonomist will be required to allow users the ability to tag (classify) the data. This will ultimately cause a ripple effect where users will also be generating ad hoc navigation and information flows. Corporate Portals also offer customers & employees self-service opportunities.
STOCK PORTALS
Also known as stock-share portals, stock market portals or stock exchange portals are Webbased applications that facilitates the process of informing the share-holders with substantial online data such as the latest price, ask/bids, the latest News, reports and announcements. Some stock portals use online gateways through a central depository system (CDS) for the visitors (ram) to buy or sell their shares or manage their portfolio.
SEARCH PORTALS
Search portals aggregate results from several search engines into one page.
TENDER'S PORTALS
Tender's portals stands for a gateway to search/ modify/ submit/ archive data on tenders and professional processing of continuous online tenders. With a tender portal the complete tendering process—submitting of proposals, assessment, administration—are done on the web. Electronic or online tendering is just carrying out the same traditional tendering process in an electronic form, using the Internet. Using online tendering, bidders can do any of the following: ? Receive notification of the tenders.
? ? ? ?
Receive tender documents online. Fill out the forms online. Submit proposals and documents. Submit bids online.
HOSTED WEB PORTALS
Hosted web portals gained popularity a number of companies began offering them as a hosted service. The hosted portal market fundamentally changed the composition of portals. In many ways they served simply as a tool for publishing information instead of the loftier goals of integrating legacy applications or presenting correlated data from distributed databases. The early hosted portal companies such as Hyperoffice.com or the now defunct InternetPortal.com focused on collaboration and scheduling in addition to the distribution of corporate data. As hosted web portals have risen in popularity their feature set has grown to include hosted databases, document management, email, discussion forums and more. Hosted portals automatically personalize the content generated from their modules to provide a personalized experience to their users. In this regard they have remained true to the original goals of the earlier corporate web portals. Emerging new classes of internet portals called Cloud Portals are showcasing the power of API (Application Programming Interface) rich software systems leveraging SOA (service oriented architecture, web services, and custom data exchange) to accommodate machine to machine interaction creating a more fluid user experience for connecting users spanning multiple domains during a given "session". Leading cloud portals like Nubifer Cloud Portal: [1] showcase what is possible using Enterprise Mashup and Web Service integration approaches to building cloud portals.
DOMAIN-SPECIFIC PORTALS
A number of portals have come about that are specific to the particular domain, offering access to related companies and services, a prime example of this trend would be the growth in property portals that give access to services such as estate agents, removal firm, and solicitors that offer conveyancing. Along the same lines, industry-specific news and information portals have appeared, such as the clinical trials specific portal: IFPMA Clinical Trials Portal
E COMMERCE
Key Elements of a Business Model
Value proposition Revenue model Market opportunity
Why should the customer buy from you? How will you earn money? What market space do you intend to serve, and what is its size? Who else occupies your intended market space? What special advantages does your firm bring to the market space? How do you plan to promote your products or services to attract your target audience? What kinds of experiences and background are important for the company’s leaders to have? What types of organizational structures within the firm are necessary to carry out the business plan?
Competitive environment Competitive advantage
Market strategy
Management team Organizational development
A business model represents how a company makes or intends to make money by turning its innovation into profit. (See References 2, 3 and 4) Since 2000, theorists have created dozens of lists of business model components, all differing slightly from one another. Three Swiss business professors, Alexander Ostenwalder, Yves Pigneur, and Christopher L. Tucci, analyzed various models and found that the components fell into nine major categories. A 10th component, outside the nine categories, is the producer.
Producer Each model includes the entity that offers a product or service. In most models, the company itself fills this position and is the producer of the product. Sometimes, for example, the company delivers, rather than makes, the product. That company, then, is the producer of the delivery system. Offer or Value Proposition The value proposition is the perceived value your products provide as the solution to the consumer's problem or need. Typically this is a physical product, but services, digital products, intellectual property and ideas are all value propositions. Often, companies will offer a product and a related service together, such as a car and its maintenance. Target Market Segment The targeted market is the group of consumers your plan to offer the value of your product to. Since different markets use the same or similar products, adding multiple segments can increase the potential gain for your company. Distribution or Movement Channel Getting your product to its target market, from advertising to retail outlet, is the distribution, or movement, channel. This establishes the means by which your business relates to your customers. Consumer Relationship How you establish relationships with your various customer segments is your consumer relationship. It defines how you gain their trust and deliver your product. Brand recognition falls under this area, as does customer service. Value and Resource Configuration How you utilize the activities, personnel, and resources necessary to produce your product are your value and resource configuration or value chain. This configuration is the basis for your cost and revenue structures. Core Competency The basic knowledge, skill set, abilities, and expertise required to produce your product is your core competency. Initially, it rests in the owner-innovator and the team she surrounds herself with to bring the product to market.
Network or Affiliation Partners The partner network represents agreements between your business and other companies necessary to produce and market your product. They include materials and parts suppliers, retail outlets, shippers, advertising agencies, and media outlets. Commercializing the value of your product relies on your partnerships. Cost Structures The expense required to manufacture a product or provide a service is the cost structure. This includes fixed costs such as leases or mortgage payments, and variable costs, such as research and development, marketing, shipping, and payroll. The ratio of fixed costs to variable costs represents the cost structure. Revenue Streams The ways a company makes income are its revenue streams. Most often this is income due to sales. However, it can refer to bartered goods and value-added returns from consumers, partners or third parties such as unsolicited viral or social marketing.
doc_234048977.docx