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This is nt a proj bt sm info on Perception.
Perception:
Perception need to be understood from its roots of how it is formed, how it impacts us, the factors that need to be addressed, etc.
Sensation & Perception:
We “know” the world through the five senses (Sight, Touch, Hearing, Smell & Taste) which are our input channels of information.
When we see something, at first the “image” is created within our brain, leading to an excitation of the brain cells through a complex process. This registers as an experience.
This excitation gets conveyed to the organ of sight, that is, eyes.
The excitation/experience that occurs within the brain before it gets conveyed to the eyes is Sensation.
The Sensation leads to Perception.
Perceptions and Reality
The world outside is the Reality which is common to all. But each one of us has different Perceptions of the same Reality. Thus we find that Reality remaining one/constant, Perceptions about the same Reality are many.
For example, we have a person seen against a setting sun on a sea beach. He is walking far away. Some of us would perceive him as walking towards us and others may perceive him walking away from us. In Reality he may be walking towards us or maybe walking away from us.
It must be remembered that for every individual their Perception is the Reality from where they view the world. However hard we may try to explain and make people understand Reality, their understanding would be restricted by their Perception as their Reality.
Hence the statement: The only Reality for an individual is his Perception.
Perception plays an important role in understanding the differences of people in the manner in which they look as life situations.
Perceptual Process:
a) We receive sensory information (stimuli) from the world around us through the five senses.
b) These stimuli get “arranged” in a certain pattern within the brain to make meaningfulness to the Perceiver.
c) The individual’s interpretation to this meaningfulness creates a response which could be either internal (attitude, motivation, feelings) and/or external ( behavior, actions, habits)
Factors influencing Perceptions:
Perceptions get affected commonly by three factors:
a) The Perceiver – his understanding, personal experiences of past, etc.
b) The Target – the way the object is positioned/located against the background, either grouped, isolated, bunched, etc.
c) The Situation – the location, light, colors, etc.
Perceptual Organization:
Perceptual Organization involves the manner in which the various stimuli the brain receives is arranged to make meaningfulness to the Perceiver.
“Perceptual Organization is the process by which people make a group of environmental stimuli into recognizable pattern”
Forms of Perceptual Organization:
a) Figure Ground Principle – objects appear in contrast from the surrounding and they “stand out” noticeably.
b) Perceptual Grouping – tendency to group several stimuli in a recognizable pattern as a result of past Perceptions (memories) of similar situations.
c) Perceptual Constancy – tendency to learn from hints and cues from situations of the present from Perceptions (memories) of the past
d) Perceptual Context – the background or the reference from where the Perception is perceived
e) Perceptual Defense – when a certain situation has been found “not acceptable” in the past, and the same or similar situation recurs, the brain “selectively” accepts/rejects the stimuli and then organizes.
Social Perception:
Social Perception is the collective Perception of social groups. The Social Perception is an outcome of strong communication which has an influencing effect on the Group members.
Social Perception depends upon:
a) Characteristics of the Perceiver
b) Characteristics of the Perceived
c) Situation or Context in which the Perception occurs.
Perception:
Perception need to be understood from its roots of how it is formed, how it impacts us, the factors that need to be addressed, etc.
Sensation & Perception:
We “know” the world through the five senses (Sight, Touch, Hearing, Smell & Taste) which are our input channels of information.
When we see something, at first the “image” is created within our brain, leading to an excitation of the brain cells through a complex process. This registers as an experience.
This excitation gets conveyed to the organ of sight, that is, eyes.
The excitation/experience that occurs within the brain before it gets conveyed to the eyes is Sensation.
The Sensation leads to Perception.
Perceptions and Reality
The world outside is the Reality which is common to all. But each one of us has different Perceptions of the same Reality. Thus we find that Reality remaining one/constant, Perceptions about the same Reality are many.
For example, we have a person seen against a setting sun on a sea beach. He is walking far away. Some of us would perceive him as walking towards us and others may perceive him walking away from us. In Reality he may be walking towards us or maybe walking away from us.
It must be remembered that for every individual their Perception is the Reality from where they view the world. However hard we may try to explain and make people understand Reality, their understanding would be restricted by their Perception as their Reality.
Hence the statement: The only Reality for an individual is his Perception.
Perception plays an important role in understanding the differences of people in the manner in which they look as life situations.
Perceptual Process:
a) We receive sensory information (stimuli) from the world around us through the five senses.
b) These stimuli get “arranged” in a certain pattern within the brain to make meaningfulness to the Perceiver.
c) The individual’s interpretation to this meaningfulness creates a response which could be either internal (attitude, motivation, feelings) and/or external ( behavior, actions, habits)
Factors influencing Perceptions:
Perceptions get affected commonly by three factors:
a) The Perceiver – his understanding, personal experiences of past, etc.
b) The Target – the way the object is positioned/located against the background, either grouped, isolated, bunched, etc.
c) The Situation – the location, light, colors, etc.
Perceptual Organization:
Perceptual Organization involves the manner in which the various stimuli the brain receives is arranged to make meaningfulness to the Perceiver.
“Perceptual Organization is the process by which people make a group of environmental stimuli into recognizable pattern”
Forms of Perceptual Organization:
a) Figure Ground Principle – objects appear in contrast from the surrounding and they “stand out” noticeably.
b) Perceptual Grouping – tendency to group several stimuli in a recognizable pattern as a result of past Perceptions (memories) of similar situations.
c) Perceptual Constancy – tendency to learn from hints and cues from situations of the present from Perceptions (memories) of the past
d) Perceptual Context – the background or the reference from where the Perception is perceived
e) Perceptual Defense – when a certain situation has been found “not acceptable” in the past, and the same or similar situation recurs, the brain “selectively” accepts/rejects the stimuli and then organizes.
Social Perception:
Social Perception is the collective Perception of social groups. The Social Perception is an outcome of strong communication which has an influencing effect on the Group members.
Social Perception depends upon:
a) Characteristics of the Perceiver
b) Characteristics of the Perceived
c) Situation or Context in which the Perception occurs.
jitendra05
Banned
i want help of u people in the project of perception
Hey mahdevan, we can say that perception is the personal view to express or give thought on the matter. For more details, you can download my presentation. I am sure it would help you in your project.