Description
The PPT describes about what moral agency is all about with the help of an example
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Organizations Acquiring Huge Power
The Butterfly effect Wide spread consequences
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Accountability
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A set of rule or modes of conduct upon which society is based, very similar to ethics Four Points to Remember
? ? ? ? Moral rules are important Morality consists of universal rules Morals are objective Morality affects other people
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Conforms to accepted rules of right or wrong Established by society
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?
Personal level—situations faced in personal life (income tax, doing kid’s homework, etc.) Organizational level—workplace situations faced as managers and employees (cutting corners, etc.)
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?
Industrial level—situations confronted as professionals (the practices of stockbrokers, accountants, etc.) Societal and international levels—local-toglobal situations confronted indirectly as a management team
Ethics, Morals, and the Law
Classification of Actions: Unethical
?
Morals
?
Principles of right and wrong
Legal
Ethical
?
Ethics
?
Illegal
A set of moral principles guiding behavior and action
Binding codes of conduct; formally recognized and enforced Company Policies
Unethical but Legal Ethical but Illegal
?
Laws
?
?
Moral Decision(s)
Moral Manager(s)
Moral Organization
1980s
Bribes/illegal contracting Influence peddling
1990s
Unsafe labor in 3rd world Increased corporate liability for personal damage
2000s
Cyber crime Privacy issues (data mining) International corruption Loss of privacy Intellectual property theft
Deceptive advertising Financial mismanagement & fraud Financial fraud Transparency issues
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Moral agency is the idea that a person is, and ought to be held, responsible for both their actions and the consequences of their actions. This of course implies some framework for judging the value of an action and its consequences, and it implies the possibility of reward or punishment for certain kinds of actions. Generally, a person is not considered to be a moral agent when it is not reasonable to hold them responsible for their actions. Thus a small child is not a moral agent, but becomes one later in life.
1. 2.
In order to qualify as a moral agent, a corporation would need to embody a process of moral decision-making and it requires a minimum:The capacity to use Moral Reasons in decision making. The capacity of the decision making process to control not only corporate acts, but the structure of policies and rules.
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Direct Obligations are those that are specified explicitly and formally and that as a rule are owed to people who conduct business directly with corporations like stakeholders, customers, suppliers and employees. Indirect obligations are those which are owed to people who conduct no direct business with the corporation like competitors, local communities and general public.
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Direct obligations are easy to handle, easily identified and carry specific obligations on their face. Exceptions could be when the direct obligations are conflicting with more fundamental moral duty like a contract may bind the signing parties to commit fraud.
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?
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They are less straightforward in nature and not specified formally. E.g. If the corporation wants to change its location which may affect the lifestyle of the people in that area, then it is their obligation to rehabilitate them or to inform them in advance. Changing the habits of mothers to switch to infant formula rather than take breast feeding is another example of moral obligations.
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The view that corporations are never moral agents of any kind is called as Structural Restraint View. It endorses that corporations are controlled by their very structure and are frequently incapable of exercising moral freedom.
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5.
A corporation is member of the class of formal organization. Formal organizations must act exclusively to maximize the achievement of a specified set of goals e.g. profit Maximizing the achievement of a specified set of goals rules out the possibility of acting on the basis of moral norms. The capacity to act on the basis of moral norms is also a necessary condition for moral agency. Corporations cannot be moral agents.
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?
?
They are planned units deliberately structured for the purpose of attaining specific goals. A corporation can be compared to as a player in a game acting according to the formal rules of the game in which it operates. Decision making affected in formal organizations when the conditions are factual ones like facts about the moral attitudes of customers or general public might influence corporate decision making.
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Corporations are formal organizations but unlike them being a player in a game where the rules of the game are static but the corporate structure would change and the goals and objectives also change.
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?
Some organizations are considered as moral agents by virtue of the fact that they can perform tasks, which according to conventions qualify them as moral agents. Eg Nations/ Governments are moral agents. Similarly corporations are moral agents because they perform actions which confer moral agency.
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Rational Agent Model Organizational Process Model Political Egoism Model
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The "mind" of the corporation would consist of its top executives and members of the BOD It is assumed that the executives and board members are able to confer with one another in order to arrive at decisions.
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?
?
Corporation is seen as a loosely allied combination of decision-making units When decisions must be made, a search is instituted for the appropriate rule which covers the case at hand. The rule need not be a formalized principle; it may instead be a tacit norm or general expectation.
?
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?
It views corporate decision-making in terms of decisions of individual employees and the interests they pursue. Similar to political elections Participants are assumed to have specific interests Important participants in the organisation would be the plant manager, the marketing specialist etc.
India’s Enron
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? ?
Inflated profits and revenues Money funneled in and out of Satyam Halo effect around Mr.Ramalinga Raju
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? ?
?
? ?
Promoters Auditors Other company bigwigs Sebi Bankers Independent Directors
?
? ?
Corporate governance Fudging the account books Auditing negligence
doc_416243246.ppt
The PPT describes about what moral agency is all about with the help of an example
?
Organizations Acquiring Huge Power
The Butterfly effect Wide spread consequences
?
?
?
Accountability
?
?
A set of rule or modes of conduct upon which society is based, very similar to ethics Four Points to Remember
? ? ? ? Moral rules are important Morality consists of universal rules Morals are objective Morality affects other people
? ?
Conforms to accepted rules of right or wrong Established by society
?
?
Personal level—situations faced in personal life (income tax, doing kid’s homework, etc.) Organizational level—workplace situations faced as managers and employees (cutting corners, etc.)
?
?
Industrial level—situations confronted as professionals (the practices of stockbrokers, accountants, etc.) Societal and international levels—local-toglobal situations confronted indirectly as a management team
Ethics, Morals, and the Law
Classification of Actions: Unethical
?
Morals
?
Principles of right and wrong
Legal
Ethical
?
Ethics
?
Illegal
A set of moral principles guiding behavior and action
Binding codes of conduct; formally recognized and enforced Company Policies
Unethical but Legal Ethical but Illegal
?
Laws
?
?
Moral Decision(s)
Moral Manager(s)
Moral Organization
1980s
Bribes/illegal contracting Influence peddling
1990s
Unsafe labor in 3rd world Increased corporate liability for personal damage
2000s
Cyber crime Privacy issues (data mining) International corruption Loss of privacy Intellectual property theft
Deceptive advertising Financial mismanagement & fraud Financial fraud Transparency issues
?
Moral agency is the idea that a person is, and ought to be held, responsible for both their actions and the consequences of their actions. This of course implies some framework for judging the value of an action and its consequences, and it implies the possibility of reward or punishment for certain kinds of actions. Generally, a person is not considered to be a moral agent when it is not reasonable to hold them responsible for their actions. Thus a small child is not a moral agent, but becomes one later in life.
1. 2.
In order to qualify as a moral agent, a corporation would need to embody a process of moral decision-making and it requires a minimum:The capacity to use Moral Reasons in decision making. The capacity of the decision making process to control not only corporate acts, but the structure of policies and rules.
?
?
Direct Obligations are those that are specified explicitly and formally and that as a rule are owed to people who conduct business directly with corporations like stakeholders, customers, suppliers and employees. Indirect obligations are those which are owed to people who conduct no direct business with the corporation like competitors, local communities and general public.
?
?
Direct obligations are easy to handle, easily identified and carry specific obligations on their face. Exceptions could be when the direct obligations are conflicting with more fundamental moral duty like a contract may bind the signing parties to commit fraud.
?
?
?
They are less straightforward in nature and not specified formally. E.g. If the corporation wants to change its location which may affect the lifestyle of the people in that area, then it is their obligation to rehabilitate them or to inform them in advance. Changing the habits of mothers to switch to infant formula rather than take breast feeding is another example of moral obligations.
?
?
The view that corporations are never moral agents of any kind is called as Structural Restraint View. It endorses that corporations are controlled by their very structure and are frequently incapable of exercising moral freedom.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A corporation is member of the class of formal organization. Formal organizations must act exclusively to maximize the achievement of a specified set of goals e.g. profit Maximizing the achievement of a specified set of goals rules out the possibility of acting on the basis of moral norms. The capacity to act on the basis of moral norms is also a necessary condition for moral agency. Corporations cannot be moral agents.
?
?
?
They are planned units deliberately structured for the purpose of attaining specific goals. A corporation can be compared to as a player in a game acting according to the formal rules of the game in which it operates. Decision making affected in formal organizations when the conditions are factual ones like facts about the moral attitudes of customers or general public might influence corporate decision making.
?
Corporations are formal organizations but unlike them being a player in a game where the rules of the game are static but the corporate structure would change and the goals and objectives also change.
?
?
Some organizations are considered as moral agents by virtue of the fact that they can perform tasks, which according to conventions qualify them as moral agents. Eg Nations/ Governments are moral agents. Similarly corporations are moral agents because they perform actions which confer moral agency.
?
? ?
Rational Agent Model Organizational Process Model Political Egoism Model
?
?
The "mind" of the corporation would consist of its top executives and members of the BOD It is assumed that the executives and board members are able to confer with one another in order to arrive at decisions.
?
?
?
Corporation is seen as a loosely allied combination of decision-making units When decisions must be made, a search is instituted for the appropriate rule which covers the case at hand. The rule need not be a formalized principle; it may instead be a tacit norm or general expectation.
?
? ?
?
It views corporate decision-making in terms of decisions of individual employees and the interests they pursue. Similar to political elections Participants are assumed to have specific interests Important participants in the organisation would be the plant manager, the marketing specialist etc.
India’s Enron
?
? ?
Inflated profits and revenues Money funneled in and out of Satyam Halo effect around Mr.Ramalinga Raju
?
? ?
?
? ?
Promoters Auditors Other company bigwigs Sebi Bankers Independent Directors
?
? ?
Corporate governance Fudging the account books Auditing negligence
doc_416243246.ppt