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PEPPER

Description

Pepper is the dried mature berry of Piper nigrum, a climbing, perennial shrub mostly found in hot, moist region of Southern India. Under cultivation pepper vines are trailed over support as columns, 5-6 mtr tall, 1-2 meter diameter.
The root system confined to 75-100 cm radius and depth.

The inflorescence is a pendent spike, 3-15 cm long with 50-150 flowers. Flowers are minute, white pale yellow, arranged spirally on fleshy pedantries. The specie is naturally self-pollinated and pollen dispersal is aided by the presence of water droplets. Fruit is a single seeded drupe often called berry. It is spherical in shape, green in colour, changing to red on ripping.

Origin and Distribution

Pepper is considered originated in the hills of South Western Ghats of India. It is now grown in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Brazil, Mexico, and Guatemala apart from the country of origin.
Pepper requires hot and humid climate and grows between 20 degree North and South latitudes, from sea level to up to 1500 meters. The crop tolerates temperatures between 10 degree and 40 degree C. A well-distributed annual rainfall of 125 to 200 cm is considered ideal for pepper.

Uses

Pepper is largely used by meat packers and in canning, pickling, baking, considering for its preservative value. It has the ability to correct the seasoning of dishes, therefore used as a final dash at the end of cooking to effectively adjust the flavour. It is an important component of culinary seasoning of universal use and is an essential ingredient of numerous commercial foodstuffs. It is also used as an ingredient in spice mixes.

Other products in use are pepper oil, oleoresin, micro encapsulated pepper, green pepper in brine, dehydrated green pepper, frozen pepper etc.


Pepper is an essential ingredient in Indian system of medicine. The major functional properties of pepper are analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial.

USA is the largest buyer of Pepper in the world market. Fluctuations in the import of pepper by USA have a direct impact on the world pepper trade. During 2008, USA has imported a total quantity of 55,000 MT of pepper as against their average import of about 60,000 MT per annum. It is reported that, due to economic slow down, the major US companies are keeping low inventories resulting in low import volume.


In recent years, Indian production is stagnant around 50,000 MT due to low productivity of aged and disease affected pepper plantations. Our competitors like Vietnam with an annual production of almost double that of India has now become one of the major suppliers of pepper in the international markets.

However, Indian pepper fetches a premium price in major markets because of its preference and intrinsic qualities. During the year 2008-09, India has exported a total quantity of 25,250 tonnes of pepper valued Rs.413.74 crores as against 35,000 tonnes valued Rs.519.50 crores of last year, registering a decline of 28% in volume and 20% in value.


Our exports to all major destinations like USA, EU etc. has declined during the year. In 2008-09, USA continued as our major market for pepper and has imported 10,050 MT, accounting for 40%
of our total export of pepper.


The other major buyers are UK (1475 MT), Italy, (1290 MT), Canada (1265 MT) and Germany (1200 MT). The average fob export price of Pepper has gone up from Rs.148.43 per kg in 2007-08 to Rs.163.86 per kg in 2008- 09.
 
PEPPER

Description

Pepper is the dried mature berry of Piper nigrum, a climbing, perennial shrub mostly found in hot, moist region of Southern India. Under cultivation pepper vines are trailed over support as columns, 5-6 mtr tall, 1-2 meter diameter.
The root system confined to 75-100 cm radius and depth.

The inflorescence is a pendent spike, 3-15 cm long with 50-150 flowers. Flowers are minute, white pale yellow, arranged spirally on fleshy pedantries. The specie is naturally self-pollinated and pollen dispersal is aided by the presence of water droplets. Fruit is a single seeded drupe often called berry. It is spherical in shape, green in colour, changing to red on ripping.

Origin and Distribution

Pepper is considered originated in the hills of South Western Ghats of India. It is now grown in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Brazil, Mexico, and Guatemala apart from the country of origin.
Pepper requires hot and humid climate and grows between 20 degree North and South latitudes, from sea level to up to 1500 meters. The crop tolerates temperatures between 10 degree and 40 degree C. A well-distributed annual rainfall of 125 to 200 cm is considered ideal for pepper.

Uses

Pepper is largely used by meat packers and in canning, pickling, baking, considering for its preservative value. It has the ability to correct the seasoning of dishes, therefore used as a final dash at the end of cooking to effectively adjust the flavour. It is an important component of culinary seasoning of universal use and is an essential ingredient of numerous commercial foodstuffs. It is also used as an ingredient in spice mixes.

Other products in use are pepper oil, oleoresin, micro encapsulated pepper, green pepper in brine, dehydrated green pepper, frozen pepper etc.


Pepper is an essential ingredient in Indian system of medicine. The major functional properties of pepper are analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial.

USA is the largest buyer of Pepper in the world market. Fluctuations in the import of pepper by USA have a direct impact on the world pepper trade. During 2008, USA has imported a total quantity of 55,000 MT of pepper as against their average import of about 60,000 MT per annum. It is reported that, due to economic slow down, the major US companies are keeping low inventories resulting in low import volume.


In recent years, Indian production is stagnant around 50,000 MT due to low productivity of aged and disease affected pepper plantations. Our competitors like Vietnam with an annual production of almost double that of India has now become one of the major suppliers of pepper in the international markets.

However, Indian pepper fetches a premium price in major markets because of its preference and intrinsic qualities. During the year 2008-09, India has exported a total quantity of 25,250 tonnes of pepper valued Rs.413.74 crores as against 35,000 tonnes valued Rs.519.50 crores of last year, registering a decline of 28% in volume and 20% in value.


Our exports to all major destinations like USA, EU etc. has declined during the year. In 2008-09, USA continued as our major market for pepper and has imported 10,050 MT, accounting for 40%
of our total export of pepper.


The other major buyers are UK (1475 MT), Italy, (1290 MT), Canada (1265 MT) and Germany (1200 MT). The average fob export price of Pepper has gone up from Rs.148.43 per kg in 2007-08 to Rs.163.86 per kg in 2008- 09.

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