ERGONOMICS AND WORK PLACE ENVIRONMENT FOR PRODUCTIVITY
7/28/12
MEANING AND DEFINITION
THE SCIENCE OF WORK AND A PERSON’S RELATIONSHIP TO THAT WORK.
7/28/12
•
Ergonomics (or “Human Factors” as it has traditionally been called) is a multi-disciplinary study of the relationships between the person and the environment. Ergonomics includes information from Engineering, Biomechanics, Environmental Psychology, Physiology and other fields about how human beings are affected by their environment, especially in the workplace. It is intended to enhance safety, productivity, and quality of life. It is the attempt to make work better that ergonomics becomes so useful. And that is also where making things comfortable and efficient comes into play.
7/28/12
What is Ergonomics?
•
What is ANTHROPOMETRICS ?
•
Anthropometrics is the comparative study of human body measurements and properties. The study of the human body and its movement, often involving research into measurements relating to people. It also involves collecting statistics or measurements relevant to the human body, called Anthropometric Data.
•
•
7/28/12
Ergonomic Stressors
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Force Repetition Awkward Postures Static Postures Vibration Contact Stress Environmental Factor Click to edit Master subtitle style
7/28/12
Force
Physical effort required to lift, push, pull, grasp and pinch items in the work environment.
Force is often required to handle and control equipment, tools, raw materials and finished products. Heavy lifting such as in warehousing, upholstering and cabinet room activities represent jobs that place high forces on 7/28/12 back. the
Repetition
Performing the same motion or series of motions continually or frequently . Most jobs on the furniture line require some level of repetitive movement.
7/28/12
Awkward Postures
Body postures that deviate from normal resting or neutral positions place unnecessary stress on muscles, tendons and bones. Examples –
ü
Reaching above shoulder height,
7/28/12
ü
Static Postures
•
Assuming and holding any posture for a long period of time can place stress on the body. Static postures can accelerate the
•
7/28/12
Vibration
Vibration is the physical exposure to rapidly oscillating tools or machinery. Powered hand tools or anywhere an operator comes in contact with a vibration source, such as a tow motor operator, are places to look for this stressor.
7/28/12
Contact Stress
Due to Physical contact between the body and sharp edges of tools, equipment & products.
7/28/12
Environmental Factors
Cold, heat, lighting and noise are factors in the work environment that can directly influence worker comfort.
7/28/12
“Mr. Rudy” in a
Ergonomics And Human psychology
Ø
Personal space
Personal Space” is that area in which a person tends to allow only selected friends or fellow workers with whom personal discussion is desired. “Social Space” or “Distant Personal Space” is that area within which the individual expects to make purely social contacts on a temporary basis.
7/28/12
CONTINUED…
Ø
Intimate space
“Intimate space” is that area immediately surrounding the individual’s body. This area is most private and inviolate to the individual.
Ø
Public space
“ Public Space” is that area within which the individual does not expect to have direct contact with others.
7/28/12
CONTINUED….
•
If we are working in organization we build relations but we must have some limits if that boundaries are crossed then tension or anxiety might result..The architectural environment of organization is also important criteria for meeting the attitude and desires of the employees. While absolute distance criteria are not applicable, the following approximations are useful design considerations.
•
Ø
Typical Subjective Responses to Spatial Features Size (generally volume) Shape (generally proportion) Color and illumination Windows Attractiveness 7/28/12
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
PERSONALIZATION
§
Self-expression is an essential element in worker productivity and ambition.
Personalization
7/28/12
§
What kind of workplace problems can ergonomics solve……………..?
7/28/12
DISPLAY SCREEN EQUIPMENT
§
Position of screen, mouse, chair. Machine suitable task.
7/28/12
§
not for
Result:
MANUAL HANDLING
§
Load to be lifted by shoulder repeatedly Load grip uneven floor or
§
§
Time pressure and no rest
7/28/12
WORK RELATED STRESS
§
No say in organization Conflicting demands and too high or low demand
§
Result: work 7/28/12 related stress, ill
HOW DO I IDENTIFY ERGONOMIC PROBLEMS …………..??
7/28/12
q
Identification Of Ergonomic Problems views: Talking to employees and seeking their
Employees have the important knowledge of the work they do, any problems they have, and their impact on health, safety, and performance.
q
Assessing the work system by asking questions such asIs the person in comfortable position? Does the person experience discomfort, including aches, pain, fatigue, or stress? Is the equipment appropriate, easy to use and well maintained?
7/28/12
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Is the person satisfied with their working arrangements? Are there frequent errors? Are there signs of poor or inadequate equipment design, such as- Plaster on workers’ fingers or ‘homemade’ protective pads made of Tissue or Foam? Examining the circumstances surrounding frequent errors and incidents where mistakes have occurred and people have been injured. Use accident reports to identify details of incidents and their possible causes. Recording and looking at sickness absence and staff turnover levels. High numbers may result from the problems listed earlier and/or dissatisfaction at work.
7/28/12
Ø
Ø
q
q
q
7/28/12
What Can I Do If I Think I Have Identified An Ergonomic Problems …………..??
7/28/12
Solutions to Identified Ergonomic Problems
q
Look for likely causes and consider possible solutions. Provide Height - Adjustable chairs. Remove Obstacles from under desk. Raise platforms to help operators
7/28/12
For example-
reach badly located controls.
q
You don’t always need to consult ergonomic professional, if the employee can find the straightforward solution to the problem. But, if the problem is complex and employee is unable to find the solution then, a need to ask the qualified ergonomist may arise. Good Ergonomics sense makes good economic sense: Ergonomics input does not necessarily involve high costs, and can save money in long term by reducing injuries and absence from 7/28/12 work.
q
7/28/12
7/28/12
doc_105863432.pptx
7/28/12
MEANING AND DEFINITION
THE SCIENCE OF WORK AND A PERSON’S RELATIONSHIP TO THAT WORK.
7/28/12
•
Ergonomics (or “Human Factors” as it has traditionally been called) is a multi-disciplinary study of the relationships between the person and the environment. Ergonomics includes information from Engineering, Biomechanics, Environmental Psychology, Physiology and other fields about how human beings are affected by their environment, especially in the workplace. It is intended to enhance safety, productivity, and quality of life. It is the attempt to make work better that ergonomics becomes so useful. And that is also where making things comfortable and efficient comes into play.
7/28/12
What is Ergonomics?
•
What is ANTHROPOMETRICS ?
•
Anthropometrics is the comparative study of human body measurements and properties. The study of the human body and its movement, often involving research into measurements relating to people. It also involves collecting statistics or measurements relevant to the human body, called Anthropometric Data.
•
•
7/28/12
Ergonomic Stressors
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Force Repetition Awkward Postures Static Postures Vibration Contact Stress Environmental Factor Click to edit Master subtitle style
7/28/12
Force
Physical effort required to lift, push, pull, grasp and pinch items in the work environment.
Force is often required to handle and control equipment, tools, raw materials and finished products. Heavy lifting such as in warehousing, upholstering and cabinet room activities represent jobs that place high forces on 7/28/12 back. the
Repetition
Performing the same motion or series of motions continually or frequently . Most jobs on the furniture line require some level of repetitive movement.
7/28/12
Awkward Postures
Body postures that deviate from normal resting or neutral positions place unnecessary stress on muscles, tendons and bones. Examples –
ü
Reaching above shoulder height,
7/28/12
ü
Static Postures
•
Assuming and holding any posture for a long period of time can place stress on the body. Static postures can accelerate the
•
7/28/12
Vibration
Vibration is the physical exposure to rapidly oscillating tools or machinery. Powered hand tools or anywhere an operator comes in contact with a vibration source, such as a tow motor operator, are places to look for this stressor.
7/28/12
Contact Stress
Due to Physical contact between the body and sharp edges of tools, equipment & products.
7/28/12
Environmental Factors
Cold, heat, lighting and noise are factors in the work environment that can directly influence worker comfort.
7/28/12
“Mr. Rudy” in a
Ergonomics And Human psychology
Ø
Personal space
Personal Space” is that area in which a person tends to allow only selected friends or fellow workers with whom personal discussion is desired. “Social Space” or “Distant Personal Space” is that area within which the individual expects to make purely social contacts on a temporary basis.
7/28/12
CONTINUED…
Ø
Intimate space
“Intimate space” is that area immediately surrounding the individual’s body. This area is most private and inviolate to the individual.
Ø
Public space
“ Public Space” is that area within which the individual does not expect to have direct contact with others.
7/28/12
CONTINUED….
•
If we are working in organization we build relations but we must have some limits if that boundaries are crossed then tension or anxiety might result..The architectural environment of organization is also important criteria for meeting the attitude and desires of the employees. While absolute distance criteria are not applicable, the following approximations are useful design considerations.
•
Ø
Typical Subjective Responses to Spatial Features Size (generally volume) Shape (generally proportion) Color and illumination Windows Attractiveness 7/28/12
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
PERSONALIZATION
§
Self-expression is an essential element in worker productivity and ambition.
Personalization
7/28/12
§
What kind of workplace problems can ergonomics solve……………..?
7/28/12
DISPLAY SCREEN EQUIPMENT
§
Position of screen, mouse, chair. Machine suitable task.
7/28/12
§
not for
Result:
MANUAL HANDLING
§
Load to be lifted by shoulder repeatedly Load grip uneven floor or
§
§
Time pressure and no rest
7/28/12
WORK RELATED STRESS
§
No say in organization Conflicting demands and too high or low demand
§
Result: work 7/28/12 related stress, ill
HOW DO I IDENTIFY ERGONOMIC PROBLEMS …………..??
7/28/12
q
Identification Of Ergonomic Problems views: Talking to employees and seeking their
Employees have the important knowledge of the work they do, any problems they have, and their impact on health, safety, and performance.
q
Assessing the work system by asking questions such asIs the person in comfortable position? Does the person experience discomfort, including aches, pain, fatigue, or stress? Is the equipment appropriate, easy to use and well maintained?
7/28/12
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Is the person satisfied with their working arrangements? Are there frequent errors? Are there signs of poor or inadequate equipment design, such as- Plaster on workers’ fingers or ‘homemade’ protective pads made of Tissue or Foam? Examining the circumstances surrounding frequent errors and incidents where mistakes have occurred and people have been injured. Use accident reports to identify details of incidents and their possible causes. Recording and looking at sickness absence and staff turnover levels. High numbers may result from the problems listed earlier and/or dissatisfaction at work.
7/28/12
Ø
Ø
q
q
q
7/28/12
What Can I Do If I Think I Have Identified An Ergonomic Problems …………..??
7/28/12
Solutions to Identified Ergonomic Problems
q
Look for likely causes and consider possible solutions. Provide Height - Adjustable chairs. Remove Obstacles from under desk. Raise platforms to help operators
7/28/12
For example-
reach badly located controls.
q
You don’t always need to consult ergonomic professional, if the employee can find the straightforward solution to the problem. But, if the problem is complex and employee is unable to find the solution then, a need to ask the qualified ergonomist may arise. Good Ergonomics sense makes good economic sense: Ergonomics input does not necessarily involve high costs, and can save money in long term by reducing injuries and absence from 7/28/12 work.
q
7/28/12
7/28/12
doc_105863432.pptx