Emotional Intelligence is a combination of competencies.
These skills contribute to a person’s ability to manage and monitor his or her own emotions, to correctly gauge the emotional state of others and to influence opinions.
Emotional Competencies - Goleman describes a model of five dimensions. Each area has its own set of behavioral attributes as follows.
1. Self-awareness
2. Self-management or self-regulation
3. Self-Motivation
4. Social Awareness
5. Social skills
1. SELF - AWARENESS
Emotional Awareness: Recognizing one’s emotions and their effects. People with this competence:
• Know which emotions they are feeling and why.
• Realize the links between their feelings and what they think, do, and say.
• Recognize how their feelings affect their performance.
• Have a guiding awareness of their values and goals.
Accurate Self-assessment: Knowing one’s strengths and limits. People with this competence are:
• Aware of their strengths and weaknesses.
• Reflective, learning from experience and continuous learning.
• Open to candid feedback, new perspectives, and self-development.
• Able to show a sense of humor and perspective about themselves.
Self-Confidence: Sureness about one’s self-worth and capabilities. People with this competence:
• Present themselves with self-assurance; have “presence”.
• Can voice views that are unpopular and go out on a limb for what is right.
• Are decisive, able to make sound decisions despite uncertainties and pressures.
2. SELF - REGULATION
Self-Control: Managing disruptive emotions and impulses. People with this competence:
• Manage their impulsive feelings and distressing emotions well.
• Stay composed, positive, and unflappable even in trying moments.
• Think clearly and stay focused under pressure.
Trustworthiness: Maintaining standards of honesty and integrity. People with this competence:
• Act ethically and are above reproach.
• Build trust through their reliability and authenticity.
• Admit their own mistakes and confront unethical actions in others.
• Take tough, principled stands even if they are unpopular.
Conscientiousness: Taking responsibility for personal performance. People with this competence:
• Meet commitments and keep promises.
• Hold themselves accountable for meeting their objectives.
• Are organized and careful in their work.
Adaptability: Flexibility in handling change. People with this competence:
• Smoothly handle multiple demands, shifting priorities, and rapid change.
• Adapt their responses and tactics to fit fluid circumstances.
• Are flexible in how they see events.
Innovativeness: Being comfortable with and open to novel ideas and new information. People with this competence:
• Seek out fresh ideas from a wide variety of sources.
• Entertain original solutions to problems.
• Take fresh perspectives and risks in their thinking.
3. SELF - MOTIVATION
Achievement drive: Striving to improve or meet standards of excellence. People with this competence:
• Are result-oriented, with a high drive to meet their objectives and standards.
• Set challenging goals and take calculated risks.
• Pursue information to reduce uncertainty and find ways to do better.
• Learn how to improve their performance.
Commitment: Aligning with the goals of the group or organization. People with this competence:
• Readily make personal or group sacrifices to meet a larger organizational goal.
• Find a sense of purpose in the larger mission.
• Use the group’s core values in making decisions and clarifying choices.
• Actively seek out opportunities to fulfill the group’s mission.
Initiative: Readiness to act on opportunities. People with this competence:
• Are ready to seize opportunities.
• Pursue goals beyond what’s required or expected of them.
• Cut through red tape and bend the rules when necessary to get the job done.
• Mobilize others through unusual, enterprising efforts.
Optimism: Persistence in pursuing goals despite obstacles and setbacks. People with this competence:
• Persist in seeking goals despite obstacles and setbacks.
• Operate from hope of success rather than fear of failure.
• See setbacks as due to manageable circumstance rather than a personal flaw.
4. SOCIAL AWARENESS
Empathy: Sensing others’ feelings and perspective, and taking an active interest in their concerns. People with this competence:
• Are attentive to emotional cues and listen well.
• Show sensitivity and understand others’ perspectives.
• Help out based on understanding other people’s needs and feelings.
Service orientation: Anticipating, recognizing, and meeting customers’ needs. People with this competence:
• Understand customers’ needs and match them to services or products.
• Seek ways to increase customers’ satisfaction and loyalty.
• Gladly offer appropriate assistance acting as a trusted advisor.
Developing others: Sensing what others need in order to develop, and bolstering their abilities. People with this competence:
• Acknowledge and reward people’s strengths, accomplishments.
• Offer useful feedback and identify people’s needs for development.
Leveraging diversity: Cultivating opportunities through diverse people. People with this competence:
• Respect and relate well to people from varied backgrounds.
• Understand diverse worldviews and are sensitive to group differences.
• See diversity as opportunity, creating an environment where diverse people can thrive.
Political awareness: Reading a group’s emotional currents and power relationships. People with this competence:
• Accurately read key power relationships & detect crucial social networks.
• Understand the forces that shape views and actions of clients, customers, or competitors.
5. SOCIAL SKILLS
Influence: Wielding effective tactics for persuasion. People with this competence:
• Are skilled at persuasion.
• Fine-tune presentations to appeal to the listener.
• Use complex strategies like indirect influence to build consensus and support.
• Orchestrate dramatic events to effectively make a point.
Communication: Sending clear and convincing messages. People with this competence:
• Are effective in give-and-take, registering emotional cues in attuning their message.
• Deal with difficult issues straightforwardly.
• Listen well, seek mutual understanding, and welcome sharing of information fully.
• Foster open communication and stay receptive to bad news as well as good.
Leadership: Inspiring and guiding groups and people. People with this competence:
• Articulate and arouse enthusiasm for a shared vision and mission.
• Step forward to lead as needed, regardless of position.
• Guide the performance of others while holding them accountable.
• Lead by example.
Change catalyst: Initiating or managing change. People with this competence:
• Recognize the need for change and remove barriers.
• Challenge the status quo to acknowledge the need for change.
• Champion the change and enlist others in its pursuit.
Conflict management: Negotiating and resolving disagreements. People with this:
• Handle difficult people and tense situations with diplomacy and tact.
• Spot potential conflict, brings disagreements into the open, and helps deescalate.
• Encourage debate and open discussion.
• Orchestrate win-win solutions.
Building bonds: Nurturing instrumental relationships. People with this competence:
• Cultivate and maintain extensive informal networks.
• Seek out relationships that are mutually beneficial.
• Build rapport and keep others in the loop.
• Make and maintain personal friendships among work associates.
Collaboration and co-operation: Working with others toward shared goals. People with this competence:
• Collaborate, sharing plans, information, and resources.
• Promote a friendly, co-operative climate.
• Spot and nurture opportunities for collaboration.
Team capabilities: Creating group synergy in pursuing collective goals. People with this competence:
• Model team qualities like respect, helpfulness, and co-operation.
• Draw all members into active and enthusiastic participation and share credit/
• Build team identity, commitment and protect the group and its reputation.
These skills contribute to a person’s ability to manage and monitor his or her own emotions, to correctly gauge the emotional state of others and to influence opinions.
Emotional Competencies - Goleman describes a model of five dimensions. Each area has its own set of behavioral attributes as follows.
1. Self-awareness
2. Self-management or self-regulation
3. Self-Motivation
4. Social Awareness
5. Social skills
1. SELF - AWARENESS
Emotional Awareness: Recognizing one’s emotions and their effects. People with this competence:
• Know which emotions they are feeling and why.
• Realize the links between their feelings and what they think, do, and say.
• Recognize how their feelings affect their performance.
• Have a guiding awareness of their values and goals.
Accurate Self-assessment: Knowing one’s strengths and limits. People with this competence are:
• Aware of their strengths and weaknesses.
• Reflective, learning from experience and continuous learning.
• Open to candid feedback, new perspectives, and self-development.
• Able to show a sense of humor and perspective about themselves.
Self-Confidence: Sureness about one’s self-worth and capabilities. People with this competence:
• Present themselves with self-assurance; have “presence”.
• Can voice views that are unpopular and go out on a limb for what is right.
• Are decisive, able to make sound decisions despite uncertainties and pressures.
2. SELF - REGULATION
Self-Control: Managing disruptive emotions and impulses. People with this competence:
• Manage their impulsive feelings and distressing emotions well.
• Stay composed, positive, and unflappable even in trying moments.
• Think clearly and stay focused under pressure.
Trustworthiness: Maintaining standards of honesty and integrity. People with this competence:
• Act ethically and are above reproach.
• Build trust through their reliability and authenticity.
• Admit their own mistakes and confront unethical actions in others.
• Take tough, principled stands even if they are unpopular.
Conscientiousness: Taking responsibility for personal performance. People with this competence:
• Meet commitments and keep promises.
• Hold themselves accountable for meeting their objectives.
• Are organized and careful in their work.
Adaptability: Flexibility in handling change. People with this competence:
• Smoothly handle multiple demands, shifting priorities, and rapid change.
• Adapt their responses and tactics to fit fluid circumstances.
• Are flexible in how they see events.
Innovativeness: Being comfortable with and open to novel ideas and new information. People with this competence:
• Seek out fresh ideas from a wide variety of sources.
• Entertain original solutions to problems.
• Take fresh perspectives and risks in their thinking.
3. SELF - MOTIVATION
Achievement drive: Striving to improve or meet standards of excellence. People with this competence:
• Are result-oriented, with a high drive to meet their objectives and standards.
• Set challenging goals and take calculated risks.
• Pursue information to reduce uncertainty and find ways to do better.
• Learn how to improve their performance.
Commitment: Aligning with the goals of the group or organization. People with this competence:
• Readily make personal or group sacrifices to meet a larger organizational goal.
• Find a sense of purpose in the larger mission.
• Use the group’s core values in making decisions and clarifying choices.
• Actively seek out opportunities to fulfill the group’s mission.
Initiative: Readiness to act on opportunities. People with this competence:
• Are ready to seize opportunities.
• Pursue goals beyond what’s required or expected of them.
• Cut through red tape and bend the rules when necessary to get the job done.
• Mobilize others through unusual, enterprising efforts.
Optimism: Persistence in pursuing goals despite obstacles and setbacks. People with this competence:
• Persist in seeking goals despite obstacles and setbacks.
• Operate from hope of success rather than fear of failure.
• See setbacks as due to manageable circumstance rather than a personal flaw.
4. SOCIAL AWARENESS
Empathy: Sensing others’ feelings and perspective, and taking an active interest in their concerns. People with this competence:
• Are attentive to emotional cues and listen well.
• Show sensitivity and understand others’ perspectives.
• Help out based on understanding other people’s needs and feelings.
Service orientation: Anticipating, recognizing, and meeting customers’ needs. People with this competence:
• Understand customers’ needs and match them to services or products.
• Seek ways to increase customers’ satisfaction and loyalty.
• Gladly offer appropriate assistance acting as a trusted advisor.
Developing others: Sensing what others need in order to develop, and bolstering their abilities. People with this competence:
• Acknowledge and reward people’s strengths, accomplishments.
• Offer useful feedback and identify people’s needs for development.
Leveraging diversity: Cultivating opportunities through diverse people. People with this competence:
• Respect and relate well to people from varied backgrounds.
• Understand diverse worldviews and are sensitive to group differences.
• See diversity as opportunity, creating an environment where diverse people can thrive.
Political awareness: Reading a group’s emotional currents and power relationships. People with this competence:
• Accurately read key power relationships & detect crucial social networks.
• Understand the forces that shape views and actions of clients, customers, or competitors.
5. SOCIAL SKILLS
Influence: Wielding effective tactics for persuasion. People with this competence:
• Are skilled at persuasion.
• Fine-tune presentations to appeal to the listener.
• Use complex strategies like indirect influence to build consensus and support.
• Orchestrate dramatic events to effectively make a point.
Communication: Sending clear and convincing messages. People with this competence:
• Are effective in give-and-take, registering emotional cues in attuning their message.
• Deal with difficult issues straightforwardly.
• Listen well, seek mutual understanding, and welcome sharing of information fully.
• Foster open communication and stay receptive to bad news as well as good.
Leadership: Inspiring and guiding groups and people. People with this competence:
• Articulate and arouse enthusiasm for a shared vision and mission.
• Step forward to lead as needed, regardless of position.
• Guide the performance of others while holding them accountable.
• Lead by example.
Change catalyst: Initiating or managing change. People with this competence:
• Recognize the need for change and remove barriers.
• Challenge the status quo to acknowledge the need for change.
• Champion the change and enlist others in its pursuit.
Conflict management: Negotiating and resolving disagreements. People with this:
• Handle difficult people and tense situations with diplomacy and tact.
• Spot potential conflict, brings disagreements into the open, and helps deescalate.
• Encourage debate and open discussion.
• Orchestrate win-win solutions.
Building bonds: Nurturing instrumental relationships. People with this competence:
• Cultivate and maintain extensive informal networks.
• Seek out relationships that are mutually beneficial.
• Build rapport and keep others in the loop.
• Make and maintain personal friendships among work associates.
Collaboration and co-operation: Working with others toward shared goals. People with this competence:
• Collaborate, sharing plans, information, and resources.
• Promote a friendly, co-operative climate.
• Spot and nurture opportunities for collaboration.
Team capabilities: Creating group synergy in pursuing collective goals. People with this competence:
• Model team qualities like respect, helpfulness, and co-operation.
• Draw all members into active and enthusiastic participation and share credit/
• Build team identity, commitment and protect the group and its reputation.