Effect of Welfare Measures on Employees' Satisfaction in Indian Railways

Description
Indian Railways are one of the biggest public sectors in the country and its employee's more than 13 laks of people under different categories. It has separate department to deal with the employees' problems and tries to manage them effectively. From the very beginning of the industrial venture Employees has been an important factor of production.

VOLUME NO. 2 (2011), ISSUE NO. 7 (JULY) ISSN 0976-2183


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C CC CONTENTS ONTENTS ONTENTS ONTENTS
Sr.
No.
TITLE & NAME OF THE AUTHOR (S)
Page No.
1%
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF ACCEPTANCE OF MENTORING FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
IN GULF COUNTRIES
DR. IMRAN HAMEED & DR. NAZIA RASOOL QAZI
1
2%
ROLE OF USER FEES IN ETHIOPIA: A CASE STUDY OF JIMMA UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA
DR. DEVI NAIR & KORA TUSHUNE
6
3%
EXPORT GROWTH OF NON OIL SECTOR IN OMAN: THE ERA OF LI!ERALIZATION
DR. THRESIAMMA VARGHESE
13
"%
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSI!ILITY: ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN THEORY # PRACTISE
DR. QADAR BAKHSH BALOCH, IMRAN ULLANH KHAN & SHAHED JAN
1$
%%
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF PA&ISTANI LISTED COMPANIES - A CASE STUDY OF SUGAR SECTOR
QAISER RAFIQUE YASSER
23
6%
STATE OF FLEXI!LE CAREERS FOR THE WOMAN PROFESSIONAL IN INDIA
SAUNDARYA RAJESH
31
$%
WHAT DRIVES THE PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL !AN&S IN ETHIOPIA'
DR. DEEPAK KAPUR & ABEBAW KASSIE GUALU
3(
(%
NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN !USINESS EDUCATION
KRISHNA PRIYA & DR. K. S. CHANDRASEKAR
"3
)%
CREDIT MANAGEMENT OF INDIAN COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INDUSTRY
N. VELMATHI & DR. R. GANESAN
"(
1*%
EVALUATION OF PASSENGER SATISFACTION AND SERVICE +UALITY IN INDIAN RAILWAYS - A CASE STUDY OF SOUTH CENTRAL
RAILWAY USING RAIL+UAL
M. DEVI PRASAD & DR. B. RAJA SHEKHAR
%3
11%
A STUDY OF TERTIARY EDUCATION AND SHIFTS IN GLO!ALLY MO!ILE STUDENTS
DR. Y. V. REDDY & D. M. DESHPANDE
%(
12%
DIMENSION OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF CEMENT UNITS IN SOUTH INDIA - AN EMPHIRICAL STUDY ,Z SCORE ANALYSIS-
DR. R. SRINIVASAN & C. U. TIRIPURA SUNDARI
6"
13%
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE, EARNINGS AND DIVIDEND: A CASE STUDY OF MARUTI SUZU&I INDIA LTD.
DR. SANJAY J. BHAYANI & DR. BUTALAL AJMERA
6)
1"%
SERVICES MAR&ETING DYNAMICS AN EXAMINATION OF SPORTS SPONSORSHIP STRATEGIES OF U. &. MAR&ET
DR. S. P. RATH, DR. BISWAJIT DAS & CHEF. ANANT BHAMKAR
$3
1%%
NPA/S SIDE EFFECT AND IT/S CURATIVE MANTRA
DR. B. CHANDRA MOHAN PATNAIK, DR. IPSEETA SATPATHY & AROOP KUMAR MOHAPATRA
$$
16%
THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN SELF DEVELOPMENT OF DOCTORS AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
M. N. R. MANOHAR & A. V. SATYANARAYANA RAO
(1
1$%
RIS& MINIMIZATION IN SPOT AND DERIVATIVE MAR&ET
DR. SUBRATA MUKHERJEE & DR. SAMIR GHOSH
($
1(%
IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ,IPA- TO EXPLORE ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
SUBASHINI R & SAMUEL S
)3
1)%
GOA TOURISM: MYTHS AND REALITIES
DR. HIRANMOY ROY
)(
2*%
SPIRITUALITY AND MANAGEMENT
V. NITHYANANTHAN & DR. B. KALPANA
1*3
21%
ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH: EXAMINING WOR&PLACE PRACTICES AND WELL-!EING
DR. R. PRABHAKARA RAYA & P. SIVAPRAGASAM
1*$
22%
EMPLOYEESSIXTH PAY COMMISSION: ESTIMATION OF JO! SATISFACTION AMONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
DR. RAJESH KUMAR SHASTRI & MALAVIKA SINHA
111
23%
PRODUCTIVITY CHANGE IN THE INDIAN HEALTH INSURANCE !USINESS: A MALM+UIST TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS
DR. SUMNINDER KAUR BAWA & RUCHITA
11%
2"%
THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL ADE+UACY RE+UIREMENTS ON PROFITA!ILITY OF PRIVATE !AN&S IN INDIA - A CASE STUDY OF J#&,
ICICI, HDFC AND YES !AN&
DR. KHALID ASHRAF CHISHTY
122
2%%
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF WELFARE MEASURES ON EMPLOYEES/ SATISFACTION IN INDIAN RAILWAYS
DR. ASIYA CHAUDHAY & ROOHI IQBAL
13*

RE+UEST FOR FEED!AC& 13(
VOLUME NO: 2 (2011), ISSUE NO. 7 (JULY) ISSN 0976-2183
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CHIEF PATRON CHIEF PATRON CHIEF PATRON CHIEF PATRON
PROF. &. &. AGGARWAL
)hancellor" 2in#aya3s 4niversity" Delhi
!ounder 5ice-)hancellor" uru obind Sin#h Indraprastha 4niversity" Delhi
67% Pro 5ice-)hancellor" uru Ja0bheshwar 4niversity" +isar

PATRON PATRON PATRON PATRON
SH. RAM !HAJAN AGGARWAL
67% State Minister for +o0e 8 9ouris0" overn0ent of +aryana
5ice-President" Dadri 6ducation Society" )har:hi Dadri
President" )hinar Synte7 2td% ;9e7tile Mills<" Bhiwani

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!aculty" M% M% Institute of Mana#e0ent" Maharishi Mar:andeshwar 4niversity" Mullana" A0bala" +aryana

ADVISORS ADVISORS ADVISORS ADVISORS
PROF. M. S. SENAM RAJU
Director A% )% D%" School of Mana#e0ent Studies" I%%$%O%4%" $ew Delhi
PROF. M. N. SHARMA
)hair0an" M%B%A%" +aryana )olle#e of 9echnolo#y 8 Mana#e0ent" =aithal
PROF. S. L. MAHANDRU
Principal ;Retd%<" Mahara1a A#rasen )olle#e" Ja#adhri

EDITOR EDITOR EDITOR EDITOR
PROF. R. &. SHARMA
Dean ;Acade0ics<" 9ecnia Institute of Advanced Studies" Delhi

CO CO CO CO- -- -EDITOR EDITOR EDITOR EDITOR
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DR. RAJESH MODI
!aculty" /anbu Industrial )olle#e" =in#do0 of Saudi Arabia
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VOLUME NO: 2 (2011), ISSUE NO. 7 (JULY) ISSN 0976-2183
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DR. &UL!HUSHAN CHANDEL
Reader" +i0achal Pradesh 4niversity" Shi0la
DR. TEJINDER SHARMA
Reader" =uru:shetra 4niversity" =uru:shetra
DR. SAM!HAVNA
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Associate Professor" P% J% 2% $% overn0ent )olle#e" !aridabad
DR. SHIVA&UMAR DEENE
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MOHITA
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ASSOCIATE EDITORS ASSOCIATE EDITORS ASSOCIATE EDITORS ASSOCIATE EDITORS
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Depart0ent of )o00erce" Ali#arh Musli0 4niversity" Ali#arh" 4%P%
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AMITA
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VOLUME NO: 2 (2011), ISSUE NO. 7 (JULY) ISSN 0976-2183
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AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF WELFARE MEASURES ON EMPLOYEES/ SATISFACTION IN INDIAN
RAILWAYS

DR. ASIYA CHAUDHAY
ASST. PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH

ROOHI IQBAL
RESEARCH SCHOLAR
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH

A!STRACT
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&'%.'0* () .&(6dn- #'")!&' )!0"*'% )(& *+'& %*!)). T+% .!.'& %+(#% *+' 0"'!& .0*/&' () %!*%)!0*(n "'6'" () R!"#!$% '1."($''% *+&(/-+ %*!*%*0!" *(("%.

&EYWORDS
Indian Railways" 60ployees3 welfare, Staff Benefit !und" >or:ers3 6ducation" Satisfaction level%

INTRODUCTION
0ployees3 welfare has ac?uired an i0portant place in the 0odern co00ercial world% 9he 0ain ai0 of the e0ployees3 welfare is to establish and 0aintain
relationship at all levels of 0ana#e0ent by #ivin# satisfactory conditions of e0ploy0ent" and also provide fairly for their re?uire0ent% 9he 0odern
industrial welfare covers the entire #a0ut of activities underta:en to secure to the industrial wor:er an essentially hu0an status" to 0a:e hi0 a better
citi*en and to i0prove his efficiency and econo0ic position% 9he Railways have done a lot in respect of providin# welfare facilities for their staff%
As Indian Railways is stressin# towards i0prove0ent in ?uality and productivity" the Personnel Depart0ent of Indian Railways ai0s to play a critical role in
buildin# Railway as an efficient" responsive or#ani*ation by recruitin# ideal people" trainin# the0 to face the challen#es of the future" and servin# the e0ployees
with dedication and co00it0ent% In consonance with the ideals of a welfare state" the Railways have been pursuin# a policy of pro#ressively i0provin# the
wor:in# and livin# condition of their wor:ers% Indian Railway3s welfare sche0es cover a wide spectru0 of activities in areas of education" Medicare" housin#"
sports" recreation and caterin#%

LITERATURE REVIEW
After proper spade wor: the researchers found that lot of wor: was done in the field of e0ployees welfare in #eneral but very little wor: has been done in
reference to the e0ployees of Indian Railways% 9hou#h the welfare sche0es in the Indian Railways were #iven but they were not 0easured as such% 5i1ay Pereira
;E''J<
i
L2eadership ne7t Research StudyB Indian RailwaysF" the E&st century has witnessed India under#o sweepin# econo0ic chan#es% Ridin# on a host of
factors" India today stands at the cusp of beco0in# one of the top four econo0ies in the world% A #rowth rate of over GM" prior to the slowdown" was despite
the inade?uacies of infrastructure% /et" one or#ani*ation" which has shouldered the infrastructural burden of the transportation sector in India3s #rowth story" is
Indian Railways% An:ur Shar0a ;E''J<
ii
H60ployee welfare 0easures ta:en in the Indian South )entral RailwayF" 9he Study on K60ployee >elfare MeasuresK is
conducted with the 0ain ob1ective of evaluatin# the effectiveness of welfare 0easures at South )entral Railway and to su##est 0easures to 0a:e e7istin#
welfare 0easures 0uch 0ore effective and co0prehensive so that the benefits of the e0ployees will be increased% Reeti A#arwal ;E''J<
iii
LPublic 9ransportation
and )usto0er SatisfactionB 9he )ase of Indian RailwaysF 9his study has been underta:en to find the factors related to Indian Railway services that have an
i0pact on custo0er satisfaction% 9he study was conducted usin# the survey 0ethod% 9his study pri0arily ai0s to assess the effects of consu0er perceptions of
the various aspects of services provided by public transportation services on their level of satisfaction with specific reference to the Indian Railways% 9he 0a1or
findin#s of the study depict that out of the various factors considered@ e0ployee behavior has the 0a7i0u0 effect on satisfaction level of custo0ers with Indian
Railways as a whole% +owever" the study fails to focus on the 60ployees welfare facility in Indian Railways% Binoy Joseph@ Joseph In1odey@ Ra1u 5ar#hese ;E''J<
iv

L2abour >elfare in IndiaF" IndiaNs labour force ran#es fro0 lar#e nu0bers of illiterate wor:ers to a si*eable pool of hi#hly educated and s:illed professionals%
2abour welfare activities in India ori#inated in &G-I% 9hey underwent notable chan#es durin# the ensuin# years% 9his article is a description of these chan#es and
the additions" which were included over this period% On the whole" it paints a picture of the Indian 2abour welfare scOne% % Ra#hura0 Rachna an#war ;E''G<
v

LIndian Railways in the Past 9wenty /ears" Issues" Perfor0ance and )hallen#esF" to understand the develop0ent process of Indian Railway3s over the past
twenty years" the study covers issues and strate#ies related to financial and physical aspects of revenue #eneratin# frei#ht and passen#er traffic fro0 &JGI-E''I%
Study also covers the develop0ents in the parcel" caterin# and advertisin# sector" however this study fail to provide the infor0ation re#ardin# e0ployees
welfare in Indian Railways% Reddy" 9% =oti ;E''I<
vi
wrote an article entitled LIndia3s Pro#ress in Infrastructure Develop0entF% +e applied 0inute center of
attention on Rail 9ransport in this study% 9he author has tried to provide discussion on +istory of Indian Railways% 9he Railway has played an inte#ratin# role in
the socio-econo0ic develop0ent of the country% +e also represents the prPcis of the operations of the Indian Railway since independence% +e further0ore
discusses on the finance of Indian Railway by annually fro0 &J.'-.& to E''I-E''G% 9he author of this article finally concludes that up#radin# technolo#y in
Railway needs #reater attention so as to i0prove reliability" reduce 0aintenance cost and increase custo0er satisfaction% It is also necessary to e0phasis the
increase in efficiency and 0ana#e0ent of the Railway% Shobha Mishra and Dr% Man1u Bha#at ;Ph%D uide< ;E''I<
vii
wrote an article on the topic entitled
LPrinciples for Successful I0ple0entation 2abour >elfare Activities fro0 Police theory to functional theoryF" #ave a brief account of labour welfare activities%
E
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9his study co0prises the definition of labour welfare" scope of labour welfare activities" ob1ectives" and theories of labour welfare% 9he author describes that
labour welfare activities in an industriali*ed society has far reachin# i0pact not only on the wor: force but also all the facets of hu0an resources% 9his article is
an atte0pt to show that" the success of welfare activities depends on the approach" which has been ta:en into account in providin# such activities to the
e0ployers% >elfare policy should be #uided by idealistic 0orals and hu0an value% John )reedy and uyonne R%J% =alb ;E''.<
viii
HMeasurin# >elfare )han#es in
2abour Supply ModelsF 9his paper e7a0ines the co0putation of welfare 0easures for use with labour supply 0odels% An alternative 0ethod is su##ested and
applied to conte7ts in which individuals are allowed to vary their hours continuously and to conte7ts where only a li0ited nu0ber of discrete hours of wor: are
available% Discrete hour3s 0odels have in recent years been used in view of the substantial econo0etric advanta#es when esti0atin# the para0eters of direct
utility functions% 9his type of 0odel is particularly popular in behavioral 0icro si0ulation 0odelin# where predicted labour supply responses are calculated for
policy chan#es%

O!JECTIVES OF THE STUDY
9he 0ain ob1ectives of the study are listed belowB
• 9o identify the e0ployees3 welfare 0easures in Indian Railways%
• 9o study the level of satisfaction of various e0ployees3 welfare 0easures a0on# the Indian Railways e0ployees%
• 9o su##est suitable reco00endation to i0prove e0ployees3 welfare a0enities in Indian Railways%

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
9he hypotheses of the study have been 0ade accordin# to the need and i0portance and ob1ective of the study%
H2@83D6E4E 1
9he null hypothesis of the study ;+'< assu0es that L60ployees3 welfare 0easures in Indian Railways are not effectiveF" whereas the alternative hypothesis of the
study ;+&< assu0es that H60ployees3 welfare 0easures in Indian Railways are effectiveF%
H2@83D6E4E 2
9he null hypothesis of the study ;+'< assu0es that L9here is no overall satisfaction of the Indian Railways e0ployees towards various !rin#e BenefitsF" whereas
the alternative hypothesis of the study ;+&< assu0es that H9here is overall satisfaction of the Indian Railways e0ployees towards various !rin#e BenefitsF%
H2@83D6E4E 3
9he null hypothesis of the study ;+'< assu0es that L+u0an resource policies re#ardin# Job satisfaction are not effective in Indian RailwaysF" whereas the
alternative hypothesis of the study ;+&< assu0es that H+u0an resource policies re#ardin# Job satisfaction are effective in Indian RailwaysF%

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
PRIMARY SOURCES
9he pri0ary data has been collected by 0eans of ?uestionnaires and interview 0ethod of the e0ployees of Indian Railways
SECONDARY SOURCES
9he secondary data have been collected fro0 various public sources such as Boo:s" Journal" Annual Reports and Accounts of Indian Railways" Ma#a*ines"
$ewspapers" and various >ebsites" etc%
SAMPLE DESIGN AND SAMPLE SIZE
In this study researcher deter0ine the sa0ple si*e of .'' e0ployees is chosen fro0 various levels by followin# the techni?ue of si0ple rando0 sa0plin#% 9he
pri0ary data was collected by usin# ?uestionnaires%
STATISTICAL TOOLS APPLIED
!or the analysis and interpretation of data wherever necessary the si0ple and pri0ary statistical 0easures and techni?ues such as calculation of Si0ple Avera#e
Mean" Percenta#e" Standard Deviation" 5ariance" Standard 6rror" and Q-test has been applied%
CONCEPT OF EMPLOYEES/ WELFARE
C>elfare3 is a broad concept referrin# to the state of livin# of an individual or a #roup" in a desirable relationship with the total environ0ent , ecolo#ical"
econo0ical and social% 9he ter0 Cwelfare3 includes both the social and econo0ic contents of welfare%
Pi#ou ;E''.< defined econo0ic welfare as that part of social welfare which can be brou#ht directly or indirectly into relation with the 0easurin# need of 0oney%
Accordin# to hi0" Kthe econo0ic welfare of a co00unity of a #iven si*e is li:ely to be #reater@ the lar#er is the share that accrues to the poor%K
4I

9he concept of labour welfare activities" however" is fle7ible" elastic and differs fro0 ti0e to ti0e" re#ion to re#ion" industry to industry and country to country"
dependin# upon the value syste0" level of education" social custo0s" de#ree of industriali*ation and #eneral standard of the socio-econo0ic develop0ent of
people%

INDIAN RAILWAYS
More than a hundred years a#o" on the &H April &G.-" a red-letter day appeared in the #lorious history of the Indian Railways% On the day" the very first Railway
train in India ran over a stretch of E& 0iles fro0 Bo0bay to 9hane" three loco0otives" Sahib" Sindh and Sultan" hauled it
I
. 9his pioneer Railway train consistin# of
&( Railway carria#es carryin# about ('' #uests" stea0ed off at -B-' p0 a0idst the loud applause of a vast 0ultitude and to the salute of E& #uns% It reached
9hane at about (%(. p0.
I4

In India" Railways are the lar#est 0ode of transport% 9he country3s vastness and diversity have been connected and coordinated by the lar#est and busiest rail
networ:s in Asia" transportin# over &G 0illion passen#ers3 0ore than E 0illion tonnes of frei#ht daily% Indian Railway is a hu#e or#ani*ation carryin# &(' la:h
passen#er and &( la:h tonne of frei#ht daily and e0ploys 0ore than &. la:h staff% It spread over the len#th and breadth of the country and has H-'''-route :0
;GE''' runnin# trac: :0< and I''' stations
7ii
% 9his #i#antic tas: is achieved throu#h the use of II'' loco0otives" -G''' passen#er coaches and EE''''-frei#ht
wa#on for which necessary 0aintenance and 0anufacturin# facilities also e7it%
LA!OUR WELFARE IN INDIAN RAILWAYS
Indian Railway3s welfare sche0es cover a wide spectru0 of activities in areas of education" Medicare" housin#" sports" recreation and caterin#%
1. HOUSING AMENITIES
+ousin# is one of the serious issues responsible for dissatisfaction and poor industrial relation of all the re?uire0ents of the wor:ers@ cheap housin#
acco00odation is of #reat si#nificance% 9he Railway e0ployees have to live either at wayside station with poor a0enities or at bi# station where the pressure of
population creates shorta#e of housin# acco00odation e7cept at abnor0al rents" with the result e0ployees often do not #et suitable acco00odation unless
provided by the ad0inistration%
It is true to say that so0e e0ployees do not #et house ?uarters throu#hout their services due to lac: of acco00odation and 0is0ana#e0ent of affairs in
Railways% After independence" the proble0s has not been solved as is evident fro0 the reports of Indian Railway that only (' percenta#e e0ployees are
en1oyin# acco00odation facilities%
7iii

2. MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES
9oday various 0edical services li:e +ospital" )linic" and Dispensary facilities are provided by or#ani*ation not only to e0ployees but also their fa0ily 0e0bers%
9he Indian Railways have been pursuin# a policy of pro#ressively i0provin# both wor:in# and livin# conditions of staff and providin# the0 with 0a7i0u0
possible a0enities in several spheres includin# 0edical facilities%
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9he ?uestion of ade?uacy of 0edical and sanitary arran#e0ents in Railways has drawn attention of the Railways Board since &JE(%
7iv
9he Railway Accident
)o00ittee &JJE ri#htly observed Lthe Medical facilities both in scale and ?uality on the Railways are second to no other or#ani*ation in IndiaF" 9he Railway
0edical services" catered only to routine ad0inistrative necessities" vi*%" 0edical e7a0ination of staff" issue of fit and unfit certificates" chec: on 0alin#erin#"
etc%" while attention to the curative and pro0otional health care of the railway staff was 0ea#er or absent%
3. WELFARE !ENEFITS
S3077 !616743 FA1G: Another si#nificant welfare sche0e developed in Indian Railways has been the Staff Benefit !und% 9he Staff Benefit !und was established on
Indian Railways in the year &J-&% Ministry of Railways have decided to 0odify the distribution of 0odify per capita annual contribution of Rs%-.A- to -&.A- under
Staff Benefit !und sanctioned vide Board3s letter under reference%
7v
Staff Benefit !und is an i0portant channel for providin# additional facilities to railway
e0ployees and their fa0ilies in the spheres of education" recreation" Medicare" sports" scoutin# and cultural activities%
". CANTEEN FACILITIES
Perhaps no e0ployees3 benefit has received as 0uch attention in recent years as that of canteen% )anteen is a s0all cafeteria or snac: bar" especially one in a
0ilitary establish0ent or place of wor:%
%. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
6ducational facilities one of the si#nificant welfare sche0e developed by Indian Railways are as followsB
R04>J02E S;D88>E: Railways ad0inistration provides the facilities of pri0ary" 0iddle" and hi#h schools and colle#es in those Railways colonies where such
facilities of re?uisite standards are not available in or near the0 and the State overn0ent or educational or#ani*ation are not willin# to provide the0%
+owever" Railways have provided educational facilities to the li0ited e7tent within the constraint of available resources purely a s a 0easure of staff welfare to
0eet the needs of wards and children of Railway e0ployees only at such places where there is a concentration of Railway e0ployees and the educational
facilities provided there at by other a#encies - both overn0ent ;SateA)entral< and private are found inade?uate or are totally absent resultin# in hardship or
inconvenience to the0%
7vi
9he Railways Board has also decided" as a 0atter of policy to establish =endriya 5idyalayas preferably in K)ivil SectorK in Railway
colonies which will" while 0eetin# the needs of the e0ployees" reduce the financial burden on the ad0inistration of the schools%
7vii

6. RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Indian Railways attaches due i0portance to recreation for its e0ployees and provides e7cellent facilities throu#h Institutes 8 )lubs for sports" libraries" etc% and
+oliday +o0es to enable the e0ployees and their fa0ilies to en1oy holidays at no0inal e7penses.
H8>4G02 H856E: +oliday +o0es have been established as a 0easure of a0enity of staff% 9he broad principles" within the fra0ewor: of which Railway
Ad0inistrations 0ay establish +oliday +o0es" are indicated belowB
;a< +oliday +o0es 0ay be set up in suitable hill stations or seaside resorts or other pleasant surroundin#s or where popular de0and e7ists%
7viii

$. RETIREMENT !ENEFITS IN INDIAN RAILWAYS
9he retire0ent benefits provided to Railways e0ployees are as follows in the for0 of provident fund" pension%
0- P:8F4G613 FA1G: 6very Railways e0ployee on co0pletion of one year3s services is entitled to 1oin" the provident fund" initially the Railway ad0inistrations3
contribution and interest thereon was e7tended only to per0anent e0ployees" 9he Provident Act" &JE." #overns provident !und and it 0eans that a fund in
which the subscriptions of the e0ployees are deposited a#ainst their accounts includin# interest accruin# thereon%
7i7

K- P61E481: Railways e0ployees represented that the pension sche0e provides 0ore security then the provident fund% 9his sche0e provides to All Railway
servants who were in service on &.%&&%&J.I who elect to co0e on these rules@ persons enterin# Railway service on or after &H%&&%&J.I e7cept those whose
ter0s of appoint0ent provide to the contrary and all )P! beneficiaries in Service in &%&%&JGH should be dee0ed to have co0e to pension sche0e unless they
specifically opt out to continue under the )P! Sche0e.
II

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
9he analysis and interpretation of survey conducted by the researcher to test the hypothesis constructed around the satisfaction" efficiency" effectiveness and
conduciveness to #ood relation resultant fro0 e0ployees3 welfare to deter0ine whether the Railway e0ployees are satisfied with e0ployees3 welfare
a0enities@ !rin#e benefits@ 1ob satisfaction% 9he 0ethod intended to e7pose the hypothesis to test is throu#h an e7tensive survey% It has been conducted to
depict the opinion and level of satisfaction about various aspects of e0ployees3 welfare 0easures in Indian Railways over which the hypothesis have been
raised%
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS
1- A=6

TA!LE $: CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS






INFERENCE
!ro0 the above table it is inferred that EI%HM of the respondents co0e under the cate#ory of below-. /ears" -G%EM of the respondents falls under -H-(. /rs and
-(%EM of the respondents co0e under the cate#ory of above (H /ears% 9hese findin# are illustrated in chart I%

CHART $: CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

A=6 N8. 87 3D6 R6E@81G613E P6:;6130=6
Below -. years &-G EI%H
-H-(. &J& -G%E
Above (H years &I& -(%E
9otal .'' &''
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2- G61G6:

TA!LE CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS

INFERENCE
!ro0 the above table it is inferred that HJ%HM of the respondents are 0ale and -'%(M are fe0ale% 9hese findin# are illustrated in chart G%

CHART SHOWING SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS

3- D6E4=103481

TA!LE ): CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE DESIGNATION OF THE RESPONDENTS






INFERENCE
!ro0 the above table it is inferred that -E%HM of the respondents co0e under the cate#ory of official post" -G%HM of the respondents falls under technical post
and EG%GM of the respondents co0e under the cate#ory of clerical post in Indian Railways% 9hese findin# are illustrated in )har J%

CHART ): SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE DESIGNATION OF THE RESPONDENTS


"- EI@6:461;6

TA!LE 1*: SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF THE RESPONDENT





INFERENCE
!ro0 the above table it is inferred that EIM of the respondents co0e under the cate#ory of below &' /rs" -G%(M of the respondents falls under &&-E' /rs and
-(%HM of the respondents co0e under the cate#ory of above E&/rs of e7perience in Indian Railways% 9hese findin# are illustrated in chart &'%

CHART 1*: SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF THE RESPONDENTS

G61G6: N8. 87 3D6 R6E@81G613E P6:;6130=6
Male -(G HJ%H
!e0ale &.E -'%(
9otal .'' &''
D6E4=103481 N8. 87 3D6 R6E@81G613E P6:;6130=6
Official &H- -E%H
9echnical &J- -G%H
)lerical &(( EG%G
9otal .'' &''
EI@6:461;6 N8. 87 3D6 R6E@81G613E P6:;6130=6
Below &' years &-. EI
&&-E' &JE -G%(
Above E& years &I- -(%H
9otal .'' &''
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&-(
%- P6:E810> I1;856

TA!LE 11: SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE PERSONAL INCOME OF THE RESPONDENTS







INFERENCE
!ro0 the above table it is inferred that EE%EM of the respondents co0e under the cate#ory of less than &''''A- is -.%GM of the respondents falls under &''''-
E.'''A-and (EM of the respondents co0e under the cate#ory of above E.'''A- of personal inco0e of Railways e0ployees% 9hese findin# are illustrated in chart
&&%

CHART 11: SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE PERSONAL INCOME OF THE RESPONDENTS


6- F054>2 S4L6

TA!LE 12: SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE FAMILY SIZE OF THE RESPONDENTS





INFERENCE
!ro0 the above table it is inferred that (I%GM of the respondents co0e under the cate#ory of below . fa0ily 0e0bers .E%EM of the respondents falls under
above . fa0ily 0e0bers of Railways% 9hese findin# are illustrated in chart &E%

CHART 12: SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION !ASED ON THE FAMILY SIZE OF THE RESPONDENTS


PART SECOND: SHOWING THE RESULT OF THE STUDY
F4:E3 =:8A@: H60ployees3 welfare 0easures in Indian Railways are effectiveF

TA!LE 13: FRE+UENCY AND PERCENT FOR THE GROUP FIRST ,EMPLOYEES/ WELFARE MEASURES IN INDIAN RAILWAYS-

S.N8

PD:0E6E
H4=D>2
G4EE034E746G
D4EE034E746G N6A3:0> S034E746G H4=D>2
E034E746G
F:6M N F:6M N F:6M N F:6M N F:6M N
& Are you satisfied with the residential acco00odation facilities" provided by the Indian
RailwaysR
-I I%( HI &-%( .G &&%H &GH -I%E &.E -'%(
E Are you satisfied with the 0edical facilities rendered to you by the Indian RailwaysR -( H%G .E &'%( H( &E%G EEI (.%( &E- E(%H
- Are you satisfied with the canteen facilities available in your Indian Railways *oneR .E &'%( HJ &-%G (E G%( E'J (&%G &EG E.%H
( Are you satisfied with the welfare benefits availableR (I J%( GH &I%E I' &( &.G -&%H &-J EI%G
. Are you satisfied with the Staff Benefit !und provided in your Railways *oneR E. . IH &.%E JI &J%( &H- -E%H &-J EI%G
H Are you satisfied with the recreational facilities provided by the Indian RailwaysR .' &' I& &(%E I( &(%G &G( -H%G &E& E(%E
I Are you satisfied with the 9ransport facilities provided by Indian RailwaysR .( &'%G I' &( HI &-%( &I- -(%H &-H EI%E
G Are you satisfied with the educational facilities provided by the Indian Railways for your
childrenR
(& G%E &'( E'%G (. J &JJ -J%G &&& EE%E
J Are you satisfied with the +oliday +o0es available by the Indian RailwaysR .( &'%G .' &' GH &I%E E'- ('%H &'I E&%(
&' Are you satisfied with the 9rainin# and Develop0ent pro#ra00es which are provided by
the Indian RailwaysR
H. &- G& &H%E I. &. &.I -&%( &EE E(%(
&& Are you satisfied with the retire0ent benefits" which are provided by the Indian RailwaysR (I J%( .E &'%( JG &J%H &IH -.%E &EI E.%(
&E Mention your overall satisfaction level re#ardin# their labour welfare a0enities I' &( .. && .J &&%G &I' -( &(H EJ%E
P6:E810> 41;856 N8. 87 3D6 R6E@81G613E P6:;6130=6
2ess than &''''A- &&& EE%E
&''''-E.'''A- &IJ -.%G
Above E.'''A- E&' (E
2ess than &''''A- &&& EE%E
9otal .'' &''
F054>2 565K6:E N8. 87 3D6 R6E@81G613E P6:;6130=6
Below . E-J (I%G
Above . EH& .E%E
9otal .'' &''
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&-.
S6;81G =:8A@: Satisfaction of the Indian Railways e0ployees towards various !rin#e Benefits%

TA!LE 1%: FRE+UENCY AND PERCENT FOR THE GROUP SECOND ,SATISFACTION OF THE INDIAN RAILWAYS EMPLOYEES TOWARDS VARIOUS FRINGE !ENEFITS-
S%$o PD:0E6E H4=D>2
G4EE034E746G
D4EE034E746G N6A3:0> S034E746G H4=D>2
E034E746G
F:6M N F:6M N F:6M N F:6M N F:6M N
&- Are you satisfied with Overti0e pay avail in Indian RailwaysR IJ &.%G I( &(%G H( &E%G &HH --%E &&I E-%(
&( Do you feel satisfied Medical leave with pay in Indian RailwaysR IE &(%( HH &-%E I- &(%H &H. -- &E( E(%G
&. Are you really satisfied with Bonus for ?uality and attendanceR HE &E%( HJ &-%G G' &H &I& -(%E &&G E-%H
&H Are you happy with 2eave with payR HE &E%( GH &I%E H( &E%G &.( -'%G &-( EH%G
&I Are you satisfied with Paid holidays in Indian RailwaysR IH &.%E HE &E%( GI &I%( &EJ E.%G &(H EJ%E
&G Are you 0otivated with 60ployee counselin#R I& &(%E G& &H%E IH &.%E &H. -- &'I E&%(
&J Are you satisfied with Provident fund provided by the Indian
RailwaysR
I. &. G- &H%H .H &&%E &(& EG%E &(. EJ

TD4:G =:8A@B +u0an Resource Policies re#ardin# Job Satisfaction in Indian Railways%

TA!LE 1$: FRE+UENCY AND PERCENT FOR THE GROUP THIRD ,HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIES REGARDING JO! SATISFACTION IN INDIAN RAILWAYS-
S.N8 PD:0E6E H4=D>2
G4EE034E746G
D4EE034E746G N6A3:0> S034E746G H4=D>2
E034E746G
F:6M N F:6M N F:6M N F:6M N F:6M N
E' Do you feel secure about your 1obR
H-

&E%H

H-

&E%H

I(

&(%G

&.'

-'

&.'

-'
E& Do you en1oy cordial relation with your tea0 0e0bers at your
wor: placeR
I. &. H- &E%H HE &E%( &(( EG%G &.H -&%E
EE Are you satisfied with your salary pac:a#eR H( &E%G GI &I%( G' &H &.- -'%H &&H E-%E
E- Do the Indian Railways co-operates and helps you at any
e0er#ency ti0eR
.I &&%( HI &-%( GE &H%( &H( -E%G &-' EH
E( /our overall opinion toward your 1ob% II &.%( H' &E G- &H%H &(G EJ%H &-E EH%(
E. Are you satisfied with the followin# factorsR
Social cli0ate" Political cli0ate" 6cono0ical cli0ate and Industrial
cli0ate
.H &&%E HH &-%E JI &J%( &H' -E &E& E(%E
EH Do you satisfied that your Railways3 welfare office visits the
re#ularlyR
H' &E I' &( JH &J%E &(& EG%E &-- EH%H

TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
H2@83D6E4E 1
H*: 60ployees3 welfare 0easures in Indian Railways are not effective%
H*1: 60ployees3 welfare 0easures in Indian Railways are effective%
In order to 9est the hypothesis" one sa0ple Q-test is applied because sa0ples are lar#e and its subscale has &E ite0s the 0ean score of this subscale co0pared
to the score of the neutral value ;&E 7 - S -H<%

TA!LE 21: DESCRIPTIVE ONE-SAMPLE STATISTICS
One-Sa0ple Statistics



TA!LE 22: ONE-SAMPLE STATISTIC FOR Z TEST
One-Sa0ple 9est
;Population Mean<9est 5alue S -H
Q df Si#% ;E-tailed< Mean Difference J.M )onfidence Interval of the Difference
2ower 4pper
6ffectiveness of labour welfare EG%.- (JJ '%''& H%I& H%E. I%&I
!ro0 the 9able EE" tabulated value of
Z
for (JJ df at .M level of si#nificance for two-tailed test is &%JH% Since calculated value is 0uch #reater than the
tabulated value it is hi#hly si#nificant% +ence we re1ect the null hypothesis and conclude that L60ployees3 welfare 0easures in Indian Railways are effectiveF is
accepted%
H2@83D6E4E 2
H*: 9here is no overall satisfaction of the Indian Railways e0ployees towards various !rin#e Benefits%
H*1: 9here is overall satisfaction of the Indian Railways e0ployees towards various !rin#e Benefits%
In order to 9est the hypothesis" one sa0ple
Z
-test is applied because sa0ples are lar#e and its subscale has I ite0s the 0ean score of this subscale co0pared
to the score of the neutral value ;I 7 - S E&<%

TA!LE 23: DESCRIPTIVE ONE-SAMPLE STATISTICS
One-Sa0ple Statistics







N M601 S3G. D6F403481 S3G. E::8: M601
6ffectiveness of labour welfare .'' (E%I& .%E. %E-.
$ Men Std% Deviation Std% 6rror Mean
Satisfaction of frin#e benefits .'' E-%I& -%H- %&HE-
VOLUME NO: 2 (2011), ISSUE NO. 7 (JULY) ISSN 0976-2183
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TA!LE 23: ONE-SAMPLE STATISTIC Z TEST
One-Sa0ple for Q t 9est
;Population Mean<9est 5alue S E&
Q df Si#% ;E-tailed< Mean Difference J.M )onfidence Interval of the Difference
2ower 4pper
Satisfaction of frin#e benefits &H%I& (JJ '%''& E%I&H E%-JI -%'-.
!ro0 the table E- it is clear that tabulated value of
Z
for (JJ df at .M level of si#nificance for two-tailed test is &%JH% Since calculated value of
Z
is #reater
than the tabulated value it is si#nificant% +ence +o is re1ected at .M level of si#nificance and we conclude that L9here is overall satisfaction of the Indian Railways
e0ployees towards various !rin#e Benefits%F
H2@83D6E4E 3
H*: +u0an resource policies re#ardin# Job satisfaction are not effective in Indian Railways%
H*1: +u0an resource policies re#ardin# Job satisfaction are effective in Indian Railways%
In order to 9est the hypothesis" one sa0ple
Z
-test is applied because sa0ples are lar#e and its subscale has I ite0s the 0ean score of this subscale co0pared
to the score of the neutral value ;I 7 - S E&<%

TA!LE 2": DESCRIPTIVE ONE-SAMPLE STATISTICS
One-Sa0ple Statistics



TA!LE 2%: ONE-SAMPLE STATISTIC Z TEST
One-Sa0ple for Q 9est
;Population Mean<9est 5alue S E&
Q df Si#% ;E-tailed< Mean Difference J.M )onfidence Interval of the Difference
2ower 4pper
Job satisfaction &J%-- (JJ '%''& -%&&E E%IJH -%(EI
!ro0 the above table E. it is clear that tabulated value of
Z
for (JJ df at .M level of si#nificance for two-tailed test is &%JH% Since calculated value of
Z
is
#reater than the tabulated value it is si#nificant at .M level of si#nificance and it leads to the conclusion we re1ect the null hypothesis% 9his shows that +o is
re1ected and the research hypothesis L+u0an resource policies re#ardin# Job satisfaction are effective in Indian RailwaysF

MAJOR FINDINGS
9he analysis of data obtained reveals thatB
• HJ%HM of the respondents are 0ale and the rest -'%(M are fe0ale%
• EI%HM of the respondents their a#e co0e under the cate#ory of below-. /ears" -G%EM of the respondents falls under -H-(. /rs and -(%EM of the
respondents co0e under the cate#ory of above (H /ears%
• -E%HM of the respondents their desi#nation co0e under the cate#ory of official post" -G%HM of the respondents falls under technical post and EG%GM of the
respondents co0e under the cate#ory of clerical post in Indian Railways%
• EIM of the respondents co0e under the cate#ory of below &' /rs" -G%(M of the respondents falls under &&-E' /rs and -(%HM of the respondents co0e
under the cate#ory of above E&/rs of e7perience in Indian Railways%
• EE%EM of the respondents co0e under the cate#ory of less than &''''A- -.%GM of the respondents falls under &''''-E.'''A- and (EM of the respondents
co0e under the cate#ory of above E.'''A- of personal inco0e of railways e0ployees%

CONCLUSION
After analy*in# the whole situation the researchers concludes it is proved above that the 60ployees3 welfare sche0es are not sufficient for the e0ployees of the
Indian Railways ant other thon#s that no i0prove0ents are found in any sche0es% 9he data is either constant or has #one in to ne#ative% 9hou#h there was a
hu#e increase in the staff benefit fund i%e% by G''M but it was not utili*ed properly%
9he researcher reached with this conclusion after thorou#h study of all the aspects of 60ployees3 welfare which have been covered in this paper that
inade?uacy of financial resources is one i0portant reasons pointed out by the railway ad0inistration in opposin# the de0and of e7tension of e0ployees3
benefits and services% But it is true say that the Indian Railway has been doin# 0ore and 0ore favor to the public in co0parison to the other industries%
It is pointed out that the Railways have been discoura#in# the social burden at the cost of their own e0ployees% +ence" it 0aybe su##ested that" the railway 0ay
0ini0i*e the cost of social burden and as: the overn0ent to subsidies the social cost%

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
9he followin# su##estions and reco00endation bein# preferred by the researchers based on the findin# of the study are worth considerin#B
&% 9he Railway Ad0inistration should encoura#e the for0ation of )o-operative +ousin# Societies for Railway 0en wherever and whenever possible in order
to solve the proble0 of housin# acco00odation% Railways 0ana#e0ent should also e7tend the covera#e of housin# sche0e to wor:ers in Indian Railways
who have not been covered so far%
E% 9here is a need to further i0prove these facilities by way of havin# 0odern e?uip0ents in the hospital and clinics and by providin# ?uality 0edicine in
these hospitals and clinic of Indian Railways%
-% 9he Indian Railways should 0ore focuses on +u0an resources develop0ent pro#ra00e for enhancin# the co0petitiveness of the Railways or#ani*ations
in the conte7t of internal and e7ternal chan#es in the environ0ent% 6fforts should be 0ade to i0prove the basic infrastructure for trainin# to provide
structured trainin# pro#ra00e in i0proved learnin# environ0ent%
(% 9he approaches to be adopted in trainin# teachin# learnin# and in special schools for Indian railways children will have to be unorthodo7" fully participative
and co00unicative%
.% Indian Railways should desi#n and for0ulate transfer policy so that transfer is not used as a tool of punish0ent of wor:ers especially union leader of the
corporation and social activities who participate in the pro#ra00es which are beneficial for welfare of e0ployee of the corporation% 9ransfer policy should
be need based for effective operation of Indian Railways%
H% 9he Indian Railways should also pay attention on 0ost i0portantly Staff Benefits !und because this fund is to be 0ainly utili*ed for education of staff and
their children" #rant for scholarships for technical and hi#her education" recreational and a0use0ent of the staff and their children" #rant to Railway
institutions8 club" sports and other tourna0ents" relief distress a0on# the Railways e0ployees" #rant to 0aintenance of Railways e0ployees%
N M601 S3G. D6F403481 S3G. E::8: M601
Job satisfaction .'' E(%&& -%.J( %&H&
VOLUME NO: 2 (2011), ISSUE NO. 7 (JULY) ISSN 0976-2183
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I% 9here are nu0ber of canteens which are hi#hly subsidi*ed% 9o further i0prove this facility it is su##ested that the capacity of the e7istin# canteen should be
increased% )oo:in# e?uip0ent li:e electronic oven and #as oven should be installed@ better hy#ienic dish washin# 0achine" floor cleanin# 0achine etc%
should be arran#ed%
G% 6ducational facilities provided by the Railways are #enerally confined to Pri0ary" Middle and +i#h and +i#her Secondary Standards% 9he Railways do not
nor0ally enter into the field of colle#e and 9echnical education for this Railways 0ana#e0ent should e7tend the covera#e of educational facilities in li#ht
of technical education%
J% 9he 0ost stri:in# findin# of the study is that the Indian Railways is found to be biased in its approach toward i0ple0entation of welfare 0easures in
different *onesA re#ions differently% 9he Indian Railways should have balanced approach in this re#ard" e?ual and due opportunity should be accorded to
the e0ployees of the corporation irrespective of the *onal and re#ional basis%

REFERENCES

4
5i1ay Pereira" 2eadership ne7t research studyB Indian Railways" Strate#ic" +u0an Resources Mana#e0ent India" Pvt% 2td% Published in E''J%
44
An:ur Shar0a ;E''J<" L60ployee welfare 0easures ta:en in the Indian South )entral RailwayF" published by Oboulo%co0%
444
Reeti A#arwal ;E''J< LPublic 9ransportation and )usto0er SatisfactionB 9he )ase of Indian RailwaysF" Published by" httpBAAwww%sa#epublications%co0
4F
Binoy Joseph" at%al;E''J< 2abour >elfare in India" published by Routled#e in 5olu0e E(" Issue ( of Journal of >orlace Behavioral +ealth %
F
% Ra#hura0 Rachna an#war ;E''G< Indian Railways in the Past 9wenty /ears" Issues" Perfor0ance and )hallen#es" Indian Institute of Mana#e0ent
Ah0adabad%
F4
Reddy"9% =oti ;E''I< LIndia3s Pro#ress in Infrastructure Develop0entF" published by I)!AI" Business School" +yderabad%
F44
Shobha Mishra and Dr% Man1u Bha#at ;Ph%D uide< ;E''I< LPrinciples for Successful I0ple0entation 2abour >elfare Activities fro0 Police theory to functional
theoryF" published by 9esionline
F444
John )reedy and uyonne R%J% =alb ;E''.<" LMeasurin# >elfare )han#es in 2abour Supply ModelsF" Manchester School" 5ol% I-" $o% H" pp% HH(-HG." Dece0ber
E''." Published by Social Science 6lectronic Publishin#%
4I
Pi#ou - Referred by A%M% Shar0a" Aspect of 2abour >elfare and Social Security" +i0alaya Publishin# +ouse" Mu0bai E''." pa#e-&%
I
K Salient !eatures of Indian RailwaysK% Indian Railways% Archived fro0 the ori#inal on E''I-'( -'%httpBAAweb%archive%or#A webAE''I'(-'''.&EI
AhttpBAAwww%indianrail%#ov%inAabir%ht0l% Retrieved on E''J-'.-G%
I4
Pal 5inod" Indian Railways transportation 0ana#e0ent" &JJG" p%(%
I44
Babu" 9% Stanley ;E''(<% KA shinin# testi0ony of pro#ressK% Indian Railway Board% p%&'&%
I444
Annual Reports and Accounts of Indian Railways E''G-E''J
I4F
Me0orandu0 sub0itted by the Railways Board to the Royal co00ission on 2abour in India in &J-'%
IF
Indian Railways 6stablish0ent code ;volu0e no% &<" chapterG%
IF4
4nder article -(H ;-< - ite0 E. of list - )oncurrent 2ist" Seventh Schedule%
IF44
Railway Boards3 letter $o% 6 ;>< G-S)E-EI dated% &-%J%&JGG" 0aster circular in railways board%
IF444
Authority Railway Board letter $o% 6 ;>< E'''A>6-EAE dated I%&E%E'''%
I4I
Master )ircular $o% HE" State Railways Provident !und rules " overn0ent Of India" Ministry of Railways%
II
Master )ircular $o% H'" Pension and Retire0entA Death ratuity" overn0ent Of India" Ministry of Railways%





































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