sunandaC

Sunanda K. Chavan
Diamond processing takes place in about 30 countries but is concentrated in five

countries: India, Belgium, S Africa, Israel and U.S. India accounts for approximately

60% of the global polished diamonds in value terms, 80% in karatage and 90% in

pieces. China and Thailand are catching up as centers for diamond cutting and

polishing.

The diamond processing industry is largely dependent on supply of rough diamonds.

Australia, Botswana, Russia and South Africa are the major suppliers of rough

diamonds. The production of rough diamonds from mines is presently dominated by

De Beers (DTC), which is the largest diamond miner in the World.

Diamond cutting is a great skill. The natural form of a diamond would determine the

shape of the final polished diamond. Diamonds are usually distributed to one of the

main cutting and trading centers where experts cut and polish rough diamonds into

various shapes. Polishing follows cutting before diamonds are again classified based

on various parameters. These are then sold to wholesalers or diamond jewelry

manufacturers.

India’s dominance in the cutting and polishing segment can be attributed to

experienced craftsmanship and relatively low cost Indian labour. Diamond

processing remains highly fragmented in India with over 100,000 units.



Export of cut and polished diamonds grew to USD 14.2 bn in 2007-08 from USD 10.9bn in 2006-07. Hong Kong emerged as largest importer of cut
and polished

diamonds from India with a share of 35% of total exports followed by the United

States and UAE.


According to a KPMG report Cutting and Polishing of diamond (CPD) centers will be

benefited by the fall in rough diamond prices and valued addition in polishing will

increase from 29.3% in 2005 to 34.1% in 2015. The report also says that India’s

share will drop to 49% from the current ~60% by 2015.

Export of cut and polished diamonds from India

Cost of processing diamonds – comparison

Source: JP Morgan Report dated 11 April 2008


While diamond processing is one of the major components in the value chain, it

yields thin margins as cost of the raw material comprises 85-95% of the selling

price. The diamond processing industry is presently working at a margin of 2-2.5%.

Companies have started to look at downstream aspects where

manufacturer/exporter of diamonds and jewelry are shifting focus to branding and

retailing. Profitability in the branding and retail business is much higher.
 
It is believed that diamonds were first identified in India about 6,000 years ago. As per my view it is the hardest natural element recognized and found in a kind of igneous stone referred to as kimberlite.
 
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