Description
The ppt about Biometrics on Trends and Applications.
Biometrics – An Introduction
Biometrics
• What is biometrics?
– The study of methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits
• Automatic recognition of a person using distinguishing traits • The traits should be
– Measurable – Robust – Distinct
Types of Identity Verification
• Possession Based – Tokens, Swipe Cards • Knowledge-based – Passwords
Why Biometrics?
• If a token is lost, it can be used by anyone else • In the case of passwords:
– – – – Can be cracked if too short Can be forgotten if too long Can be stolen if written somewhere Can be easily cracked
Advantages of Biometrics
• Biometric traits cannot be forgotten or mislaid • Can be lost only through trauma • Biometric traits require the person being authenticated to be present at the time and point of authentication • Can be used in conjunction with passwords or tokens
Steps in Biometrics
• Identification
– Who is X? – One to Many relationship – Used for identifying terrorists, criminals, etc
• Verification
– Is this X? – One to One relationship – Normally used for physical access
Biometric Characteristics
• Physiological
– – – – – – – Fingerprint Face Recognition Iris Scan Voice Hand/Finger Geometry DNA Others – Gait, Ear, etc
• Behavioural
– Signature Verification – Voice
Iris Scan
• Measures the iris pattern in the coloured part of the eye • Iris patterns are formed randomly • Highly distinctive and robust • Can be used for quick identification and verification
Iris Scan (Contd)
• Advantages
– No contact required – Protected internal organ; less prone to injury – Highly robust
• Disadvantages
– Public fears related to scanning the eye – Lack of existing data deters ability to use background checks
Face Recognition
• Spatial geometry of distinguishing features of the face • Can be captured by a camera from a distance • Uses advanced statistics to identify patterns • Used to identify undesirables in casinos, shoplifters in stores, criminals and terrorists in urban areas
Steps involved in face recognition
• • • • • Capture image Find face in image Extract features Compare templates Declare matches
Use of face recognition
Technical difficulties with face recognition
• Uncontrolled background • Subject’s non-cooperation
– Not looking at camera – Wearing hat, sunglasses, etc
• Moving target • Uncontrolled environmental conditions
– Lighting – Camera-angle – Image resolution
• Biometric system shows only probable matches; human operator verifies them
Voice Recognition
• Uses vocal characteristics to identify an individual • Microphone can be used as a sensor and hence relatively cheap • Can be affected by environmental factors like background noise • Used extensively by the U.S intelligence community
Fingerprint Recognition
• Digital version of old ink-and-paper method • Users place fingers on a platen, which reads it electronically • Extracted by vendor’s algorithm which makes pattern analysis • Used for law enforcement, fraud prevention and computer access
Fingerprint Recognition (Contd)
• Advantages
– Easy to use, with some training – Uniqueness
• Disadvantage
– Collection of huge amount of data
Fingerprint Recognition - Continued
Hand Geometry
• Measurement of many dimensions of hand and fingers • User puts hand on the sensor’s surface to initiate reading • Low degree of distinctiveness and hence not well-suited for identification purposes
Biometrics?? No way!!
• • • • • Cost Maintenance Privacy Issues Health Acceptance
Applications of biometrics
• Smart Guns – Guns that allow only their owners to use them • Voice Activated software in mobile phones • High security areas - Eg. Airports, nuclear reactors • Walt Disney uses fingerprint identification • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) uses fingerprint identification to track criminals
Applications of biometrics (Contd)
• INS Passenger Accelerated Service System (INSPASS) has more than 45000 frequent fliers enrolled at nine airports across the world • User ID cards and passports in Brazil using fingerprint-based biometrics • Access to border-passing points between Israel and The Gaza trip are controlled by biometric devices • Banks in Japan using fingerprint identification in ATMs
Applications of biometrics (Contd)
• Australian customs service using face recognition to track people • United Nations High Commission on refugees (UNHCR) using iris recognition to confirm that each Afghani refugee returning home from Pakistan receives only one refugee care package • European Union’s AFIS fingerprint system applied to asylum seekers
Applications of biometrics (Contd)
• Citibank testing an iris-scanning system to be used in ATMs • Japanese racing association identifying 10000 thoroughbreds using iris recognition to authenticate owners • A bar in Russia using hand-print geometry to charge customers • Kwikset, a leader in residential industrial security, has launched a biometric keyless system for homes
Biometrics – Latest trends
• Biometric finger vein reader
Biometrics – Latest trends (Continued)
• According to Frost & Sullivan, the North American biometrics market is valued at $1.32 billion in 2006 and estimated to be at $4.19 billion in 2010 • Government agencies to lead the way in implementing biometric technologies • Biometrics to be a trusted transaction control for data access by 2020 • Market dominance to shift from Europe and U.S to Asia by 2012 • APAC region to generate maximum revenues by 2014
References
• www.wikipedia.com • www.frost.com • www.biometrics.co.uk
THANK YOU
doc_543682621.ppt
The ppt about Biometrics on Trends and Applications.
Biometrics – An Introduction
Biometrics
• What is biometrics?
– The study of methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits
• Automatic recognition of a person using distinguishing traits • The traits should be
– Measurable – Robust – Distinct
Types of Identity Verification
• Possession Based – Tokens, Swipe Cards • Knowledge-based – Passwords
Why Biometrics?
• If a token is lost, it can be used by anyone else • In the case of passwords:
– – – – Can be cracked if too short Can be forgotten if too long Can be stolen if written somewhere Can be easily cracked
Advantages of Biometrics
• Biometric traits cannot be forgotten or mislaid • Can be lost only through trauma • Biometric traits require the person being authenticated to be present at the time and point of authentication • Can be used in conjunction with passwords or tokens
Steps in Biometrics
• Identification
– Who is X? – One to Many relationship – Used for identifying terrorists, criminals, etc
• Verification
– Is this X? – One to One relationship – Normally used for physical access
Biometric Characteristics
• Physiological
– – – – – – – Fingerprint Face Recognition Iris Scan Voice Hand/Finger Geometry DNA Others – Gait, Ear, etc
• Behavioural
– Signature Verification – Voice
Iris Scan
• Measures the iris pattern in the coloured part of the eye • Iris patterns are formed randomly • Highly distinctive and robust • Can be used for quick identification and verification
Iris Scan (Contd)
• Advantages
– No contact required – Protected internal organ; less prone to injury – Highly robust
• Disadvantages
– Public fears related to scanning the eye – Lack of existing data deters ability to use background checks
Face Recognition
• Spatial geometry of distinguishing features of the face • Can be captured by a camera from a distance • Uses advanced statistics to identify patterns • Used to identify undesirables in casinos, shoplifters in stores, criminals and terrorists in urban areas
Steps involved in face recognition
• • • • • Capture image Find face in image Extract features Compare templates Declare matches
Use of face recognition
Technical difficulties with face recognition
• Uncontrolled background • Subject’s non-cooperation
– Not looking at camera – Wearing hat, sunglasses, etc
• Moving target • Uncontrolled environmental conditions
– Lighting – Camera-angle – Image resolution
• Biometric system shows only probable matches; human operator verifies them
Voice Recognition
• Uses vocal characteristics to identify an individual • Microphone can be used as a sensor and hence relatively cheap • Can be affected by environmental factors like background noise • Used extensively by the U.S intelligence community
Fingerprint Recognition
• Digital version of old ink-and-paper method • Users place fingers on a platen, which reads it electronically • Extracted by vendor’s algorithm which makes pattern analysis • Used for law enforcement, fraud prevention and computer access
Fingerprint Recognition (Contd)
• Advantages
– Easy to use, with some training – Uniqueness
• Disadvantage
– Collection of huge amount of data
Fingerprint Recognition - Continued
Hand Geometry
• Measurement of many dimensions of hand and fingers • User puts hand on the sensor’s surface to initiate reading • Low degree of distinctiveness and hence not well-suited for identification purposes
Biometrics?? No way!!
• • • • • Cost Maintenance Privacy Issues Health Acceptance
Applications of biometrics
• Smart Guns – Guns that allow only their owners to use them • Voice Activated software in mobile phones • High security areas - Eg. Airports, nuclear reactors • Walt Disney uses fingerprint identification • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) uses fingerprint identification to track criminals
Applications of biometrics (Contd)
• INS Passenger Accelerated Service System (INSPASS) has more than 45000 frequent fliers enrolled at nine airports across the world • User ID cards and passports in Brazil using fingerprint-based biometrics • Access to border-passing points between Israel and The Gaza trip are controlled by biometric devices • Banks in Japan using fingerprint identification in ATMs
Applications of biometrics (Contd)
• Australian customs service using face recognition to track people • United Nations High Commission on refugees (UNHCR) using iris recognition to confirm that each Afghani refugee returning home from Pakistan receives only one refugee care package • European Union’s AFIS fingerprint system applied to asylum seekers
Applications of biometrics (Contd)
• Citibank testing an iris-scanning system to be used in ATMs • Japanese racing association identifying 10000 thoroughbreds using iris recognition to authenticate owners • A bar in Russia using hand-print geometry to charge customers • Kwikset, a leader in residential industrial security, has launched a biometric keyless system for homes
Biometrics – Latest trends
• Biometric finger vein reader
Biometrics – Latest trends (Continued)
• According to Frost & Sullivan, the North American biometrics market is valued at $1.32 billion in 2006 and estimated to be at $4.19 billion in 2010 • Government agencies to lead the way in implementing biometric technologies • Biometrics to be a trusted transaction control for data access by 2020 • Market dominance to shift from Europe and U.S to Asia by 2012 • APAC region to generate maximum revenues by 2014
References
• www.wikipedia.com • www.frost.com • www.biometrics.co.uk
THANK YOU
doc_543682621.ppt