DEVELOPMENT OF CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN INDIA
DEFINITION:-
Co-operative movement can be define as a “Voluntary movement of the people, carried out democratically by pooling together their resources or carrying on the given activity, with the purpose of achieving or securing certain benefits or advantage which given to people can not get individually and with the purpose of promoting certain virtue and values such as self help , mutual help, self reliance and general goods of all.”
HISTORICAL PROFILE OF CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN INDIA
Around the world modern cooperatives have developed for over 200 years. Co-operative institutions exist all over the world providing essential services which would otherwise be unattainable.
In many countries, co-operatives such as credit unions and agricultural organizations have been very successful in helping people to provide for themselves where private and other corporate capitals do not see high profitability .
Development of Indian Co- operative Movement (Period wise)
1] Beginning Period of Co-operative Movement in India (1904 - 1912):-
Started on 25th march 1904
Objectives : -
Establishment of co-operative societies
Legal Existence
Control of registrar
Loans to members
Concession to society
Development of Indian Co- operative Movement (Period wise)
2] Period Of Harried Expansion (1912-1918):-
The Govt. passed another act in 1912.
Features:-
Permission to start non-credit supplying societies.
Classification as per their responsibility
Utilization of profit
Special right to societies
Concession to co-operative societies.
Development of Indian Co- operative Movement (Period wise)
3] Unplanned Rapid Developement (1919- 1929):-
By passing this in 1919 the Co-operative Movement Boosted up.
Co-operative Movement was Defines as ‘ Unplanned Developement’ by Ramdas Pantalu.
Development of Indian Co- operative Movement (Period wise)
4] Period of Consolidation and Re-organization
(1929 – 1939):-
World wide financial depression in 1929.
In 1935 RBI was formed and suggest that co-operative societies should be given priority.
Development of Indian Co- operative Movement (Period wise)
5] Period of Recovery (1939 – 1947):-
During this period financial depression was removed.
The Co-operative Movement was again on path of its development.
Development of Indian Co- operative Movement (Period wise)
6] The Sixth Stage (1947 -1970)
7] The Seventh Stage (1970 – 2000)
8] The Eighth Stage (2000 Onwards)
MAJOR TYPES OF CO-OPERATIVES
(1)The Primary Agricultural Credit/Service Societies
(2) Agricultural Non-Credit Societies
(3) Agricultural co-operative Marketing Societies
(4) Co-operative Farming Societies
CAUSES OF SLOW PROGRESS
Government Interference.
Mismanagement and manipulation.
Lack of Awareness.
Restricted Coverage.
Functional Weakness.
Participation of Women in Co-operatives
The need for greater participation of women in cooperatives especially in areas where they have a natural advantage is accepted by all.
Women have equal opportunities for voting and electing their representatives in Central and State Legislatures as also in local bodies and panchayats.
CASE STUDY
Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited), formed in 1946, is a Dairy co-operative movement in India. Which today is jointly owned by some 2.6 million milk producers in Gujarat , India.
AMUL is based in Anand, Gujarat and has been a sterling example of a co-operative organization's success in the long term.
AMUL DAIRY CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT
AMUL DAIRY CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT
GROWTH OF CO-OPERATIVE SECTOR IN INDIA
India has basically an agrarian economy with 72% of its total population residing in rural areas .Co -operatives have extended across the entire country and there are many members nationwide.
Dairy co-operatives operating under the leadership of the National Dairy Development Board and through 15 state cooperative milk marketing federations has now become the largest producer of milk in the world.
The Co-operatives in the 21st Century must remain on vanguard in providing the required lead to the millions of our producers.
The vision for the second century is to withstand the challenges of competitive business environment where excellence, efficiency and high productivity parameters will be given priority.