Description
This is a presentation describes about why people form groups and how is task activity is completed by a group.
Why People form Groups
?Formal and Informal groups form
because of various reasons.
?Some of them concern needs,
proximity, attraction and goals.
1. The Satisfaction of Needs
? Some people gain satisfaction from being members of a
group. They join a group to interact with others who share common values, interests, perceptions and attitudes. This shared commonality results in a feeling of “security” in numbers.
? Some people satisfy the need for social interaction by
becoming group members. Such membership allows people to interact with other people.
? In some cases a person joins a group to satisfy esteem
needs. He may believe that a particular engineering group has power, prestige and contact with top officials. This person decides to become a member of this group. Through hard work, outstanding performance and other similar contributions to the organization, this person is eventually promoted into the group.
2. Proximity and Attraction
? Two important facets of interpersonal interaction are
proximity and attraction. By proximity is meant the physical distance between employees performing a job. Attraction designates the attraction of people to each other due to perceptual, attitudinal, performance, or motivation.
? Individuals who work in close proximity have numerous
opportunities to exchange ideas, thoughts and attitudes about various on-and off-the-job activities.
3. Group Activities
Employees may be attracted to a group because they enjoy the group’s activities.
4. The Group’s Goals
? If clearly understood, a group’s goals can be the reason
why an individual is attracted to a group. It is always not possible to identify group’s goals.
? A person may join a group that meets after work to
become familiar with some particular aspect. It thus appears that people join groups because they are perceived as a means of satisfying needs.
GROUP DEVELOPMENT
Groups develop over an extended period of time and probably never reach a stage where they are not developing.
Development of a Problem-Solving Group
Problem solving is a task that all formal and informal groups are engaged in continually.
Problem-solving groups proceed through four stages of development:
? Mutual Acceptance – Initial reluctance to communicate
with each other.
? Communication and Decision Making – Once mutual
acceptance is reached, open communication begins. This results in increased confidence and greater interaction.
? Motivation and Productivity – That stage of
development in which efforts are made to expend the group’s goals. He task is to produce the best solution. The group works as a cooperative and NOT competitive unit.
? Control and Organization- The stage in which
group affiliation is valued and members are regulated by group norms. Group goals take precedence over individual goals and norms are complied with or sanctions are exercised. The ultimate type of sanction is ostracism for not complying with the group goals and norms. Other forms of control are isolation and harassment.
Development of a Training Group
? A group distinctly different from a problem-solving
group is one that is engaged in formal organizational training. Tuckman, assumed that the total pattern of interpersonal relationship is referred to as the group structure. The interaction related directly to the task is referred to as the task activity.
? Tuckman specified the following sequence of group
structure development:
?
?
?
?
Testing and Dependence. An attempt by group members to discover what interpersonal behaviours are acceptable in the group. The member is dependent on the group or a person for guidance. Intra-group Conflict. The members are hostile towards each other and there is a lack of unified group effort. Development of Group Cohesion. The members accept the group and the idiosyncrasies of fellow members. Harmony is of maximum importance. Functional Role-Relatedness. Members begin to adopt the roles that will enhance the task accomplishments of the group.
Four phases of ‘task activity’ development are:
1. Orientation to the task Members attempt to identify the task and determine what is needed to accomplish the task. 2. Emotional response to the Task Demands Group members react emotionally to the task as a form of resistance to the demands of the task on the individual.
3. Open Exchange of Relevant Interpretations This takes the form of exchanging opinions, beliefs and attitudes. 4. Emergence of Solutions. The emphasis is on constructive activities and interactions to complete the task.
doc_555792915.pptx
This is a presentation describes about why people form groups and how is task activity is completed by a group.
Why People form Groups
?Formal and Informal groups form
because of various reasons.
?Some of them concern needs,
proximity, attraction and goals.
1. The Satisfaction of Needs
? Some people gain satisfaction from being members of a
group. They join a group to interact with others who share common values, interests, perceptions and attitudes. This shared commonality results in a feeling of “security” in numbers.
? Some people satisfy the need for social interaction by
becoming group members. Such membership allows people to interact with other people.
? In some cases a person joins a group to satisfy esteem
needs. He may believe that a particular engineering group has power, prestige and contact with top officials. This person decides to become a member of this group. Through hard work, outstanding performance and other similar contributions to the organization, this person is eventually promoted into the group.
2. Proximity and Attraction
? Two important facets of interpersonal interaction are
proximity and attraction. By proximity is meant the physical distance between employees performing a job. Attraction designates the attraction of people to each other due to perceptual, attitudinal, performance, or motivation.
? Individuals who work in close proximity have numerous
opportunities to exchange ideas, thoughts and attitudes about various on-and off-the-job activities.
3. Group Activities
Employees may be attracted to a group because they enjoy the group’s activities.
4. The Group’s Goals
? If clearly understood, a group’s goals can be the reason
why an individual is attracted to a group. It is always not possible to identify group’s goals.
? A person may join a group that meets after work to
become familiar with some particular aspect. It thus appears that people join groups because they are perceived as a means of satisfying needs.
GROUP DEVELOPMENT
Groups develop over an extended period of time and probably never reach a stage where they are not developing.
Development of a Problem-Solving Group
Problem solving is a task that all formal and informal groups are engaged in continually.
Problem-solving groups proceed through four stages of development:
? Mutual Acceptance – Initial reluctance to communicate
with each other.
? Communication and Decision Making – Once mutual
acceptance is reached, open communication begins. This results in increased confidence and greater interaction.
? Motivation and Productivity – That stage of
development in which efforts are made to expend the group’s goals. He task is to produce the best solution. The group works as a cooperative and NOT competitive unit.
? Control and Organization- The stage in which
group affiliation is valued and members are regulated by group norms. Group goals take precedence over individual goals and norms are complied with or sanctions are exercised. The ultimate type of sanction is ostracism for not complying with the group goals and norms. Other forms of control are isolation and harassment.
Development of a Training Group
? A group distinctly different from a problem-solving
group is one that is engaged in formal organizational training. Tuckman, assumed that the total pattern of interpersonal relationship is referred to as the group structure. The interaction related directly to the task is referred to as the task activity.
? Tuckman specified the following sequence of group
structure development:
?
?
?
?
Testing and Dependence. An attempt by group members to discover what interpersonal behaviours are acceptable in the group. The member is dependent on the group or a person for guidance. Intra-group Conflict. The members are hostile towards each other and there is a lack of unified group effort. Development of Group Cohesion. The members accept the group and the idiosyncrasies of fellow members. Harmony is of maximum importance. Functional Role-Relatedness. Members begin to adopt the roles that will enhance the task accomplishments of the group.
Four phases of ‘task activity’ development are:
1. Orientation to the task Members attempt to identify the task and determine what is needed to accomplish the task. 2. Emotional response to the Task Demands Group members react emotionally to the task as a form of resistance to the demands of the task on the individual.
3. Open Exchange of Relevant Interpretations This takes the form of exchanging opinions, beliefs and attitudes. 4. Emergence of Solutions. The emphasis is on constructive activities and interactions to complete the task.
doc_555792915.pptx