what is warehousing

vikram chawla

Vikram Chawla
A Brief Introduction to Warehousing
A warehouse is a location with adequate facilities where volume shipment are received from a production centre, broken down, reassembled into combinations representing a particular order or orders, and shipped to the customer’s location or locations.

The concept of distribution warehouse or a distribution centre is vastly different from the earlier concept of a godown for storage. The godown is merely a dumping place. Godowns are maintained merely for storage of surplus goods. The earlier concept, which led to the establishment of warehouses, was based on the need for ensuring a continuous, uninterrupted supply of goods in the market area for the following:

(1) Ensuring protection against delays and uncertainties in transportation arising from a variety of factors.
(2) Eliminating lack of sophistication in production control and consequent uncertainties in the availability of product at the desired time and place.
(3) Providing for adjustment between the time of production and the time of use because production and use can be seldom synchronized.

From the foregoing, it is obvious that earlier a warehouse was considered a necessary evil which was to be toletated, but which did little to provide a differential advantage. The modern distribution centre or distribution warehouse is a pivot in the physical distribution system. According to this system, movement is the primary objective of a warehouse. As per this new concept, a warehouse is a location where inputs (incoming factory shipment) are converted into outputs (outward shipments representing orders of customers).this conversion takes place without consuming too much time. The goods may be received over a period of time from different places, combined or broken down into each individual customer’s orders, and dispatched to the next point in the distribution channel without their coming to rest within the confines of the distribution centre. Because of the usual and often inevitable lack of coordination between inbound and outbound goods, storage facilities of a temporary nature must be provided for in the scheme.

Characteristics of warehouse activity
The warehouse activity work is “non-value adding” work. It is pointed out for better profits the stores should not exist. Also the material movement should be reduced to zero. These are “non-value adding” activities.

This is because “value” is what the customer is prepared to pay for. A customer is willing to pay for is the physical conversion/ processing of material into product. The configuration of the product forms only one element of what a customer is willing to pay for. Also customer needs other points such as following.
The product should be available,Ø
At a required locationØ
At required time.Ø

Warehouse provides these values. These are apart from value added due to conversion. For that reason management must pay the maximum attention to the stocking and handling related activities.
 
TYPES OF WAREHOUSES

Bonded Warehouses Private and public warehouses can be “bonded under the customs and excise act and municipal corporation regulations, facilitating deferred payment of customs, excise or octroi duty. The warehouseman releases only those goods on which the duty is paid on production of roof of such payment and release order issued by the appropriate authority.

Field Warehouse
Field warehouses are those which are managed by a public warehousing agency in the premises of a factory or company which needs the facility for borrowing from a bank against the certification of goods in storage or in process by an independent professional warehouseman.

Cold Storages:
Cold storage facilities are provided for perishables against payment of a storage charge for the space utilized by different parties. In a cold storage, it is essential that the temperature is regulated and temperature variation is controlled to the degree particularly for certain sensitive items.

Agricultural Warehouses:
These warehouses are meant storing agricultural produce grown in a certain area and are located in assembling or regulated markets. These warehouses receive agricultural commodities either directly from the farmers or through their commodities agents, or from wholesalers.

Distribution Warehouses:
These warehouses are located close to the manufacturing concerns or consuming areas. Their location depends on the nature of the product, the time taken for transit, operating coast and the need to make the product available in the market in obedience to the demand for it.

Buffer Storage Warehouses:
These warehouses are built at strategic locations with adequate transport and communication facilities. They store food grains or fertilizers, etc.

Export and Import Warehousing:
These warehouses are located near the ports from where international trade is undertaken. They provide transit storage facilities for goods awaiting onward movement. Facilities for break-bulk, packaging, inspection, marketing, etc., are available at these warehouses.
 
A Brief Introduction to Warehousing
A warehouse is a location with adequate facilities where volume shipment are received from a production centre, broken down, reassembled into combinations representing a particular order or orders, and shipped to the customer’s location or locations.

The concept of distribution warehouse or a distribution centre is vastly different from the earlier concept of a godown for storage. The godown is merely a dumping place. Godowns are maintained merely for storage of surplus goods. The earlier concept, which led to the establishment of warehouses, was based on the need for ensuring a continuous, uninterrupted supply of goods in the market area for the following:

(1) Ensuring protection against delays and uncertainties in transportation arising from a variety of factors.
(2) Eliminating lack of sophistication in production control and consequent uncertainties in the availability of product at the desired time and place.
(3) Providing for adjustment between the time of production and the time of use because production and use can be seldom synchronized.

From the foregoing, it is obvious that earlier a warehouse was considered a necessary evil which was to be toletated, but which did little to provide a differential advantage. The modern distribution centre or distribution warehouse is a pivot in the physical distribution system. According to this system, movement is the primary objective of a warehouse. As per this new concept, a warehouse is a location where inputs (incoming factory shipment) are converted into outputs (outward shipments representing orders of customers).this conversion takes place without consuming too much time. The goods may be received over a period of time from different places, combined or broken down into each individual customer’s orders, and dispatched to the next point in the distribution channel without their coming to rest within the confines of the distribution centre. Because of the usual and often inevitable lack of coordination between inbound and outbound goods, storage facilities of a temporary nature must be provided for in the scheme.

Characteristics of warehouse activity
The warehouse activity work is “non-value adding” work. It is pointed out for better profits the stores should not exist. Also the material movement should be reduced to zero. These are “non-value adding” activities.

This is because “value” is what the customer is prepared to pay for. A customer is willing to pay for is the physical conversion/ processing of material into product. The configuration of the product forms only one element of what a customer is willing to pay for. Also customer needs other points such as following.
The product should be available,Ø
At a required locationØ
At required time.Ø

Warehouse provides these values. These are apart from value added due to conversion. For that reason management must pay the maximum attention to the stocking and handling related activities.

Hey vikram, thanks for sharing such a nice information and explaining about the warehousing. Well, as we know that the process of storing goods in a warehouse is called warehousing. BTW, i am sharing a document where you would get detailed information.
 

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