Description
Verbal LR
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
Directions for Questions: The passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question. A remarkable aspect of art of the present century is the range of concepts and ideologies which it embodies. It is almost tempting to see a pattern emerging within the art field – or alternatively imposed upon It a posteriori – similar to that which exists under the umbrella of science where the general term covers a whole range of separate, though interconnecting, activities. Any parallelism is however – in this instance at least – misleading. A scientific discipline develops systematically once its bare tenets have been established, named and categorized as conventions. Many of the concepts of modern art, by contrast, have resulted from the almost accidental meetings of groups of talented individuals at certain times and certain places. The ideas generated by these chance meetings had twofold consequences. Firstly, a corpus of work would be produced which, in great part, remains as a concrete record of the events. Secondly, the ideas would themselves be disseminated through many different channels of communication – seeds that often bore fruit in contexts far removed from their generation. Not all movements were exclusively concerned with innovation. Surrealism, for instance, claimed to embody a kind of insight which can be present in the art of any period. This claim has been generally accepted so that a sixteenth century painting by Picasso or a mysterious photograph by Monet can legitimately be discussed in surrealist terms. Briefly, then, the concepts of modern art are of many different (often fundamentally different) kinds and resulted from the exposures of painters, sculptors and thinkers to the more complex phenomena of the twentieth century, including our ever increasing knowledge of the thought and products of earlier centuries. Different groups of artists would collaborate in trying to make sense of rapidly changing world of visual and spiritual experience. We should hardly be surprised if no one group succeeded completely, but achievements, through relative, have been considerable. Landmarks have been established – concrete statements of position which give a pattern to a situation which could easily have degenerated into total chaos. Beyond this, new language tools have been created for those who follow – semantic systems which can provide a springboard for further explorations. The codifying of art is often criticized. Certainly one can understand that artists are wary of being pigeonholed since they are apt to think of themselves as individuals – sometimes with good reason. The notion of self-expression, however, no longer carries quite the weight it once did; objectivity has its defenders. There is good reason to accept the ideas codified by artists and critics, over the past sixty years or so, as having attained the status of independent existence – an independence which is not without its own value. This time factor is important here. As an art movement slips into temporal perspective, it ceases to be a living organism – becoming, rather, a fossil. This is not to say it becomes useless or uninteresting. Just as a scientist can reconstruct the life of a prehistoric environment from the messages codified into the structure of a fossil, so can an artist decipher whole webs of intellectual and creative possibility from the recorded structure of a ‘dead’ art movement. The artist can match the creative patterns crystallized into this structure against the potentials and possibilities of his own time. AS T.S Eliot observed, no one starts anything from scratch; however consciously you may try to live in the present, you are still involved with a nexus of behaviour patterns bequeathed from the past. The original and creative person is not someone who ignores these patterns, but someone who is able to translate and develop them so that they confirm more exactly to his – and our – present needs. 1. Many of the concepts of modern art have been the product of (1) ideas generated from planned deliberations between artists, painters and thinkers. (2) the dissemination of ideas through the state and its organizations.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
(3) accidental interactions among people blessed with creative muse. (4) patronage by the rich and powerful that supported art. (5) systematic investigation, codification and conventions. 2. In the passage, the word ‘fossil’ can be interpreted as (1) an art movement that has ceased to remain interesting or useful. (2) an analogy from the physical world to indicate a historic art movement. (3) an analogy from the physical world to indicate the barrenness of artistic creations in the past. (4) an embedded codification of pre-historic life. (5) an analogy from the physical world to indicate the passing of an era associated with an art movement. In the passage, the word ‘fossil’ can be interpreted as (1) an art movement that has ceased to remain interesting or useful. (2) an analogy from the physical world to indicate a historic art movement. (3) an analogy from the physical world to indicate the barrenness of artistic creations in the past. (4) an embedded codification of pre-historic life. (5) an analogy from the physical world to indicate the passing of an era associated with an art movement. The range of concepts and ideologies embodied in the art of the twentieth century is explained by (1) the existence of movements such as surrealism. (2) landmarks which give a pattern to the art history of the twentieth century. (3) new language tools which can be used for further explorations into new areas. (4) the fast changing world of perceptual and transcendental understandings. (5) the quick exchange of ideas and concepts enabled by efficient technology.
3.
4.
Directions for Questions: To summarize the Classic Navi collapse, we can tentatively identify five strands. I acknowledge, however, that Navi archaeologists still disagree vigorously among themselves—in part, because the different strands evidently varied in importance among different parts of the Navi realm; because detailed archaeological studies are available for only some Navi sites; and because it remains puzzling why most of the Navi heartland remained nearly empty of population and failed to recover after the collapse and after re-growth of forests. With those caveats, it appears to me that one strand consisted of population growth outstripping available resources: a dilemma similar to the one foreseen by Thomas Malthus in 1798 and being played out today in Rwanda (Chapter 10), Haiti (Chapter 11), and elsewhere. As the archaeologist David Webster succinctly puts it, "Too many farmers grew too many crops on too much of the landscape." Compounding that mismatch between population and resources was the second strand: the effects of deforestation and hillside erosion, which caused a decrease in the amount of useable farmland at a time when more rather than less farmland was needed, and possibly exacerbated by an anthropogenic drought resulting from deforestation, by soil nutrient depletion and other soil problems, and by the struggle to prevent bracken ferns from overrunning the fields. The third strand consisted of increased fighting, as more and more people fought over fewer resources. Navi warfare, already endemic, peaked just before the collapse. That is not surprising when one reflects that at least 5,000,000 people, perhaps many more, were crammed into an area smaller than the state of Colorado (104,000 square miles). That warfare would have
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
decreased further the amount of land available for agriculture, by creating no-man's lands between principalities where it was now unsafe to farm. Bringing matters to a head was the strand of climate change. The drought at the time of the Classic collapse was not the first drought that the Navi had lived through, but it was the most severe. At the time of previous droughts, there were still uninhabited parts of the Navi landscape, and people at a site affected by drought could save themselves by moving to another site. However, by the time of the Classic collapse the landscape was now full, there was no useful unoccupied land in the vicinity on which to begin anew, and the whole population could not be accommodated in the few areas that continued to have reliable water supplies. As our fifth strand, we have to wonder why the kings and nobles failed to recognize and solve these seemingly obvious problems undermining their society. Their attention was evidently focused on their short-term concerns of enriching themselves, waging wars, erecting monuments, competing with each other, and extracting enough food from the peasants to support all those activities. Like most leaders throughout human history, the Navi kings and nobles did not heed long-term problems, insofar as they perceived them. We shall return to this theme in Chapter 14. Finally, while we still have some other past societies to consider in this book before we switch our attention to the modern world, we must already be struck by some parallels between the Navi and the past societies discussed in Chapters 2-4. As on Easter Island, Mangareva, and among the Anasazi, Navi environmental and population problems led to increasing warfare and civil strife. As on Easter Island and at Chaco Canyon, Navi peak population numbers were followed swiftly by political and social collapse. Paralleling the eventual extension of agriculture from Easter Island's coastal lowlands to its uplands, and from the Mimbres floodplain to the hills, Copan's inhabitants also expanded from the floodplain to the more fragile hill slopes, leaving them with a larger population to feed when the agricultural boom in the hills went bust. Like Easter Island chiefs erecting ever larger statues, eventually crowned by pukao, and like Anasazi elite treating themselves to necklaces of 2,000 turquoise beads, Navi kings sought to outdo each other with more and more impressive temples, covered with thicker and thicker plaster—reminiscent in turn of the extravagant conspicuous consumption by modern American CEOs. The passivity of Easter chiefs and Navi kings in the face of the real big threats to their societies completes our list of disquieting parallels. 5. According to the passage, which of the following best represents the factor that has been cited by the author in the context of Rwanda and Haiti? (1) Various ethnic groups competing for land and other resources (2) Various ethnic groups competing for limited land resources (3) Various ethnic groups fighting wit each other (4) Various ethnic groups competing for political power (5) Various ethnic groups fighting for their identity
6.
By an anthropogenic drought, the author means (1) A drought caused by lack of rains. (2) A drought caused due to deforestation (3) A drought caused by failure to prevent bracken ferns from overrunning the fields. (4) A drought caused by actions of human beings. (5) A drought caused by climate changes.
7.
According to the passage, the drought at the time of Navi collapse had a different impact compared to the droughts earlier because
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
(1) The Navi kings continue to be extravagant when common people were suffering. (2) It happened at the time of collapse of leadership among Navis. (3) It happened when the Navi population had occupied all available land suited for agriculture. (4) It was followed by internecine warfare among Navins. (5) Irreversible environmental degradation led to this drought.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
Directions: Complete the paragraph Characters are also part of deep structure. Characters tie events in a story together and provide a thread of continuity and meaning. Stories can be about individuals, groups, projects or whole organizations, so from an organizational studies perspective, the focal actor(s) determine the level and unit of analysis used in a study. Stories of mergers and acquisitions, for example, are common place. In these stories whole organizations are personified as actors. But these macro-level stories usually are not told from the perspective of the macro-level participants, because whole organizations cannot narrate their experiences in the first person. (1) More generally, data concerning the identities and relationships of the characters in the story are required, if one is to understand role structure and social networks in which that process is embedded. (2) Personification of a whole organization abstracts away from the particular actors and from traditional notions of level of analysis. (3) The personification of a whole organization is important because stories differ depending on who is enacting various events. (4) Every story is told from a particular point of view, with a particular narrative voice, which is not regarded as part of the deep structure. (5) The personification of a whole organization is a textual device we use to make macro-level theories more comprehensible.
8.
9.
Nevertheless, photographs still retain some of the magical allure that the earliest daguerreotypes inspired. As objects, our photographs have changed; they have become physically flimsier as they have become more technologically sophisticated. Daguerre produced pictures on copper plates; today many of our photographs never become tangible thins, but instead remain filed away on computers and cameras, part of the digital ether that envelops the modern world. At the same time, our patience for the creation of images has also eroded. Children today are used to being tracked from birth by digital cameras and video recorders and they expect to see the results of their poses and performances instantly. The space between life as it is being lived and life as it is being displayed shrinks to a mere second. (1) Yet, despite these technical developments, photographs still remain powerful because they are reminders of the people and things we care about. (2) Images, after all, are surrogates carried into battle by a soldier or by a traveller on holiday. (3) Photographs, be they digital or traditional, exist to remind us of the absent, the beloved, and the dead. (4) In the new era of the digital image, the images also have a greater potential for fostering falsehood and trickery, perpetuating fictions that seem so real we cannot tell the difference. (5) Anyway, human nature being what it is, little time has passed after photography’s inventions became means of living life through images.
10.
Mma Ramotswe had a detective agency in Africa, at the foot of Kgale Hill. These were its assets; a tiny white van, two desks, two chairs, a telephone, and an old typewriter. Then there was a teapot, in which Mma Ramotswe - the only private lady detective in Botswana - brewed red bush tea. And three mugs - one for herself, one for her secretary and one for the client. What else does a detective
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
agency really nee? Detective agencies rely on human intuition and intelligence, both of which Mma Ramotswe had in abundance. (1) But there was also the view, which again would appear on no inventory. (2) No inventory would ever include those, of course. (3) She had an intelligent secretary too. (4) She was a good detective and a good woman. (5) What she lacked in possessions was more than made up by a natural shrewdness. Directions for Questions 8 to 12: Each of the following questions has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
11.
I am sometimes attacked for imposing ‘rules‘. Nothing could be further from the truth. I hate rules. All I do is report on how consumers react to different stimuli. I may say to a copywriter, —Research shows that commercials with celebrities are below average in persuading people to buy products. Are you sure you want to use a celebrity? Call that a rule? Or I may say to an art director, —Research suggests that if you set the copy in black type on a white background, more people will read it than if you set it in white type on a black background.“ 1. Guidance based on applied research can hardly qualify as ‘rules‘. 2. Thus, all my so called ‘rules‘ are rooted in applied research. 3. A suggestion perhaps, but scarcely a rule. 4. Such principles are unavoidable if one wants to be systematic about consumer behaviour. 5. Fundamentally it is about consumer behaviour œ not about celebrities or type settings
12.
Relations between the factory and the dealer are distant and usually strained as the factory tries to force cars on the dealers to smooth out production. Relations between the dealer and the customer are equally strained because dealers continuously adjust prices œ make deals œ to adjust demand with supply while maximizing profits. This becomes a system marked by a lack of long-term commitment on either side, which maximizes feelings of mistrust. In order to maximize their bargaining positions, everyone holds back information œ the dealer about the product and the consumer about his true desires. 1. As a result, ”deal making‘ becomes rampant, without concern for customer satisfaction. 2. As a result, inefficiencies creep into the supply chain. 3. As a result, everyone treats the other as an adversary, rather than as an ally. 4. As a result, fundamental innovations are becoming scarce in the automobile industry. 5. As a result, everyone loses in the long run.
Directions for Questions: In each question, there are four sentences. Each sentence has pairs of words/phrases that are italicized and highlighted. From the italicized and highlighted word(s)/phrase(s), select the most appropriate word(s)/phrase(s) to form correct sentences. Then, from the options given, choose the best one. 13. The Hockey council that was [A] / were elected last March is [A] / are at sixes and sevens over new rules.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
The critics censored [a] / censured the new movie because of its social inaccessibility. Amit’s explanation for missing the meeting was credulous [A] / credible She coughed discreetly [A] / discretely to announce her presence. (1) BBAAA (2) AAABA (3) BBBBA (4) AABBA (5) BBBAA
14.
The further [A] / farther he pushed himself, the more disillusioned he grew. For the crowds it was more of a historical [A] / historic event; for their leader, it was just another day. The old man has a healthy distrust [A] / mistrust for all new technology. This Drama is based on a real [A] / true story. One suspects that the compliment [A] / complement was backhanded (1) BABAB (2) ABBBA (3) BAABA (4) BBAAB (5) ABABA
15.
Regrettably [A] / Regretfully I have to decline your invitation. I am drawn to the poetic, sensual [A] / sensuous quality of her drawings. He was besides [A] / beside himself with rage when I told him what I had done. After brushing against a stationary [A] / stationery truck my car turned turtle. As the water began to rise over [A] / above the danger mark, the signs of an imminent flood were clear. (1) BAABA (2) BBBAB (3) AAABA (4) BBAAB (5) BABAB
Directions for Questions: There are two gaps in each of the following sentences. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately. The first word in the pair should fill the first gap. 16. Their achievement in the field of Engineering is described as ________; sometimes it is even called ________. 1. magnificent, irresponsible 2. insignificant, influential 3. significant, paltry 4. unimportant, trivial
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
Directions for Questions: There are two gaps in each of the following sentences. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately. The first word in the pair should fill the first gap. 17. This simplified ________ to the decision-making process is a must read for anyone__________ important real estate, personal, or professional decisions. 1. primer, maximizing 2. tract, enacting 3. introduction, under 4. guide, facing
Directions for Questions: There are two gaps in each of the following sentences. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately. The first word in the pair should fill the first gap. 18. Doctors may soon have ________ to help paralyzed people move their limbs by bypassing the _______ nerves that once controlled their muscles. 1. instruments, detrimental 2. ways, damaged 3. reason, involuntary 4. impediments, complex Directions for Questions: There are two gaps in each of the following sentences. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately. The first word in the pair should fill the first gap. 19. The Net-surfing is a medium where users have nearly _________ choices and _________constraints about where to go and what to do. 1. unbalanced, nonexistent 2. embarrassing, no 3. unlimited, minimal 4. choking, shocking
Directions for Questions: There are two gaps in each of the following sentences. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately. The first word in the pair should fill the first gap. 20. From the time Rita had put her hair up, every man she had met had groveled before her and she had acquired a mental attitude toward the other sex which was a blend of_________ and______. 1. admiration, tolerance 2. indifference, contempt 3. impertinence, temperance 4. arrogance, fidelity
Directions for Questions: (i) There are three houses on each side of the road. (ii) These six houses are labeled as P, Q, R, S, T and U. (iii) The houses are of different colours, namely, Red, Blue, Green, Orange, Yellow and White. (iv) The houses are of different heights. (v) T, the tallest house, is exactly opposite to the Red coloured house. (vi) The shortest house is exactly opposite to the Green coloured house.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
(vii) U, the Orange coloured house, is located between P and S. (viii) R, the Yellow coloured house, is exactly opposite to P. (ix) Q, the Green coloured house, is exactly opposite to U. (x) P, the White coloured house, is taller than R, but shorter than S and Q.
21.
What is the colour of the house diagonally opposite to the Yellow coloured house?
(1) White (3) Green (2) Blue (4) Red (5) none of these
22.
Which is the second tallest house? (1) P (3) Q
(2) S (4) R
(5) cannot be determined
Answer Questions on the basis of the information given below: K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, U and W are the only ten members in a department. There is a proposal to form a team from within the members of the department, subject to the following conditions: ? A team must include exactly one among P, R, and S. ? A team must include either M or Q, but not both. ? If a team includes K, then it must also include L, and vice versa. ? If a team includes one among S, U, and W, then it must also include the other two. ? L and N cannot be members of the same team. ? L and U cannot be members of the same team. ? The size of a team is defined as the number of members in the team.
23.
What could be the size of a team that includes K (1)2 or 3 (3) 3 or 4 (5) Only 4
(2) 2 or 4 (4) Only 2
24.
In how many ways a team can be constituted so that the team includes N? (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5 (5) 6
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
Direction for Question
Venkat, a stockbroker, invested a part of his money in the stock of four companies --- A, B, C and D. Each of these companies belonged to different industries, viz., Cement, Information Technology (IT), Auto, and Steel, in no particular order. At the ti me of investment, the price of each stock was Rs 100. Venkat purchased only one stock of each of these companies. He was expecting returns of 20%, 10%, 30%, and 40% from the stock of companies A, B, C and D, respectively. Returns are defined as the change in the value of the stock after one year, expressed as a percentage of the initial value. During the year, two of these companies announced extraordinarily good results. One of these two companies belonged to the Cement or the IT industry, while the other one belonged to either the Steel or the Auto industry. As a result, the returns on the stocks of these two companies were higher than the initially expected returns. For the company belonging to the Cement or the IT industry with extraordinarily good results, the returns were twice that of the initially expected returns. For the company belonging to the Steel or the Auto industry, the returns on announcement of extraordinarily good results were only one and a half times that of the initially expected returns. For the remaining two companies, which did not announce extraordinarily good results, the returns realized -during the year were the same as initially expected.
25.
What is the minimum average return Venkat would have earned during the year? 1. 30% 2. 31 ¼ % 3. 32 ½ % 4. Cannot be determined
26.
If Venkat earned a 35% return on average during the year, then which of these statements would necessarily be true? I. Company A belonged either to Auto or to Steel Industry. II. Company B did not announce extraordinarily good result III. Company A announced extraordinarily good results. IV Company D did not announce extraordinarily good results. 1. I and II only 2. II and III only 3. III and IV only 4. II and IV only
Answer Questions on the basis of the information given below: Help Distress (HD) is an NGO involved in providing assistance to people suffering from natural disasters. Currently, it has 37 volunteers. They are involved in three projects: Tsunami Relief (TR) in Tamil Nadu, Flood Relief (FR) in Maharashtra, and Earthquake Relief (ER) in Gujarat. Each volunteer working with Help Distress has to be involved in at least one relief work project. ? Maximum numbers of volunteers are involved in the FR project. Among them, the number of volunteers A involved in FR project alone is equal to the volunteers having additional involvement in the ER project. ? number of volunteers involved in the ER project alone is double the number of volunteers involved in all The the three projects. ? volunteers are involved in the TR project. 17 ?The number of volunteers involved in the TR project alone is one less than the number of volunteers involved in ER project alone.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
? volunteers involved in the TR project are also involved in at least one more project. Ten
27.
Based on the information given above, the minimum number of volunteers involved in both FR and TR projects, but not in the ER project is: (1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5
28.
Which of the following additional information would enable to find the exact number of volunteers involved in various projects? (1) Twenty volunteers are involved in FR. (2) Four volunteers are involved in all the three projects. (3) Twenty three volunteers are involved in exactly one project. (4) No need for any additional information.
DIRECTIONS for Questions: Each question is followed by two statements, A and B. Answer each question using the following instructions: Mark (1) Question answered by using the statement A alone but not by using the statement B alone. Mark (2) Question answered by using the statement B alone but not by using the statement A alone. Mark (3) Question answered by using either of the statements alone Mark (4) Question answered by using both together but not by either of the statements alone. Mark (5) if the question cannot be answered on the basis of the two statements.
29.
In a football match, at the half-time, Mahindra and Mahindra Club was trailing by three goals. Did it win the match? A. In the second-half Mahindra and Mahindra Club scored four goals. B. The opponent scored four goals in the match.
30.
In a cricket match, the 'man of the match' award is given to the player scoring the highest number of runs. In case of a tie, the player (out of those locked in the tie) who has taken the higher number of catches is chosen. Even thereafter if there is a tie, the player (out of those locked in the tie) who has dropped fewer catches is selected. Aakash, Biplab, and Chirag who were contenders for the award dropped at least one catch each. Biplab dropped 2 catches more than Aakash did, scored 50 same as that of Aakash, and took 2 catches. Chirag got two chances to catch and dropped both. Who was the 'man of the match'? A. Chirag made 15 runs less than both Aakash and Biplab. B. The catches dropped by Biplab are 1 more than the catches taken by Aakash.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
1. (3) In the first paragraph of the passage, refer to the lines 'Many of the concepts of modern art, by contrast, have resulted from the almost accidental meetings of groups of talented individuals at certain times and certain places'. Hence, option 3 is the reason for the emergence of the concepts of modern art. (5) According to the author, with the passage of time an art movement ceases to be a living organism and it becomes a fossil. The author then takes the example of a scientist who reconstructs the life of the past era which are codified in the form of messages in the structure of a fossil. He goes on to say similarly an artist also analyses the intellectual and creative possibilities from the art movements of the past. 'Fossil' here signifies the temporal phasing of an era associated with the art movement. This makes option 5 the correct option. Option 1 is contradictory to the facts mentioned in the passage. In option 2, the word 'historic' means significant which is not being indicated by the author. Option 3 is contradictory to the author's point of view. Option 4 is out of the scope of the argument. (1) Refer to the first sentence of the first paragraph of the passage where science and art have ben stated as similar in including a whole range of separate, though interconnecting activities. Hence, option(1) is the correct answer. In the first paragraph of the passage, refer to the lines 'Briefly, then, the concepts of modern art are of legitimately......visual and spiritual experience'. Hence, the ideologies of the art of the twentieth century can be better realised by the fast changing world of visual and metaphysical understanding. The rest of the options have no link with the concepts and ideologies of the art of the twentieth century. 1) The 2nd paragraph of the passage begins with 'With those caveats, it appears to me that one strand consisted .........to prevent bracken ferns from over running the fields'. Hence in the context of Rwanda and Haiti, the author is referring to the existence of too many people fighting for limited land and other resources. Hence, option (1) is the most appropriate answer. (4) 'Anthropogenic' refers to being caused or produced by human beings. So 'anthropogenic drought' refers to the drought caused by actions of human beings. Further hint is given in the 8th line of the 2nd paragraph of the passage. (3) In the 3rd paragraph, refer to the lines 'At the time of previous droughts.......to have reliable water supplies'. Hence, it is evident that the final drought which caused the collapse of the Navi civilization was different from the previous droughts because man had left no unoccupied land away from agriculture to start life in a new way. The paragraph in the last line is trying to generate an idea of personification. From the last 3 lines of the paragraph we can understand, that its tough to give macro level stories from the perspective of the macro level participants. So its textual device we use to make it more comprehensible. Answer is The personification of a whole organization is a textual device we use to make macro-level theories more comprehensible. Answer is Yet, despite these technical developments, photographs still remain powerful because they are reminders of the people and things we care about. No inventory would ever include those, of course, as per the source. The author tries to defend himself by saying that he never imposes rules. He gives as a couple of examples of his suggestions and questions whether a person would call it a ‘rule’. As the passage is defensive in tone choice 3 is the most appropriate which says that he gives only suggestions. Choice (3) The passage explains the kind of differences that exist between the components in the supply chain, (ie. production to distribution to consumer). The nature of the differences result in a system lacking commitment on the part of the components, and lacking transparency. The para is best closed with the option that points to the logical result of such a situation – that is provided in choice 5 'everyone
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. 10. 11.
12.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
loses in the long run'. Choice 1 is inappropriate since, in 'deal-making', the customer would have his own satisfaction in mind. Choice 2 brings in circumstances that would follow in continuation. Choice 3 brings in a thought contrary to to tone of the paragraph Choice 4 is not relevant to the content of the paragraph. Choice (5) 13. The correct usage of the sentences has both a grammatical component and a word usage component as well. The Hockey council will take singular so we will choose was and continue the same with the helping verb is. The critics will censure as it means criticize and not censor which means cut or delete. Amit's explanation was credible which means believable or plausible and not credulous which means gullible. She coughed discreetly which means doing something in a careful or circumspect manner and not discrete which means individually distinct and separate. Answer is AABBA. The further meaning extent or degree and not farther meaning distance he pushed himself….For the crowds it was more of a historic (important, significant) event and not historical (documented, ancient). The old man has a healthy distrust (regard with suspicion) for all new technology and not mistrust (lack of trust, mistrust also takes a 'of' and not for). The Drama is based on a true (in accordance to fact or reality) and not real (actual, existent). One suspects that the compliment (flattering remark, praise) and not complement (accessory, supplement) was backhanded. Answer is ABABA. Regretfully (in a regretful manner) I have to decline your invitation and not regrettably (giving rise to regret, undesirable). Iam drawn to the poetic, sensuous (aesthetic, lush) quality of her drawings and not sensual (physical, passionate). He was beside himself (beside oneself means overcome with) with rage and not besides (in addition to, apart). After brushing against a stationary (not moving) truck.. and not stationery(writing wares). As the water began to rise above (extending upwards towards) the danger mark.. and not over(extending directly upwards from). Answer is BBBAB. 4 The second word should be more intense in degree as compared to the first one, indicated by even. 4 Simplified guide…anyone facing decisions. 2 Paralyzed people do not have complex or involuntary nerves, but some of their nerves are damaged. 3 The sentence conveys the idea of the maximum possible choice, which can result only in the presence of minimal constraints. 2 The right choices should be similar in meaning.
14.
15.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Solutions – Logical Reasoning
(ii) Six houses – P, Q, R, S, T, U (iii) Colours – Red, Blue, Green, Orange, Yellow, White (iv) Different heights (v) T = tallest & opposite to Red (vi) Shortest opposite to Green (vii) U = orange & the position of U is: P/S U S/P (viii) R = yellow & opposite to P (ix) Q = Green & opposite to U (x) P = White & (S, Q) > P > R (in height) From (iv), (v), (vi), (ix) & (x), T > (S, Q) > P > R > U in terms of height From (iv), (vii), (viii), (ix) & (x), we get the following two cases.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
21. 22. 23.
(4) Diagonally opposite to yellow is red. (5) Second tallest house is either Q or S. So, we can not determine. If K is included, then L is also included. Therefore, Both N and U are not included. Since U is not included neither of S and W is included. Therefore, The team consists of only four members. Choice (5) If N is included, then L is not included. Therefore, K is not included. But U may or may not be included. Case (i) : U is included. Therefore, S and W are also included. Therefore, Neither P nor R is included. One among M and Q is included. Hence, the possible teams are N, U, S, W and P or N, U, S, W and Q. Case (ii): U is not included. Therefore, Neither S nor W is included. Therefore, Exactly one among P and R is included. Exactly one among M and Q is included. Hence, the possible teams are (N, P and M) or (N, P and Q) or (N, R and M) or (N, R and Q). Hence, the teams can be formed in six different ways. Choice (5) At the time of investment, the total price of the four stocks was Rs. 400 Total expected returns = (20 + 10 + 30 + 40) = Rs. 100 Venkat would earn the minimum average return when the companies with the two lowest expected returns would give 2 times and 1.5 times their expected returns. Thus, minimum expected returns = 20 × 1.5 + 10 × 2 + 30 + 40 = Rs.120 = 30% of initial investment Hence, option 1. Venkat earned 35% average return i.e. Rs. 140. => He earned Rs. 40 more than expected. => 40 = x + 0.5y, where x and y correspond to expected returns on stocks that gave extraordinarily good results. => 0.5y = 40 ? x But x and y can be 20, 10, 30 or 40. If x = 20, y = 40, which is possible If x = 10, y = 60, which is not possible If x = 30, y = 20, which is possible If x = 40, y = 0, which is not possible Thus, Company A with x = 20 necessarily announced extraordinarily good results along with company C or D. B did not announce extraordinarily good results. Hence, option 2. (3) This is a lengthy one. Let sum of all 3 = x ? ER = 2x = TR (only). Now TR only = 17 – 10 = 7 = 2x – 1 ? x = 4, etc.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
(3) 17 volunteers are involved in the TR project and 10 in TR are also involved in other projects. => 7 volunteers are involved only in TR. ? 8 volunteers are involved in ER alone. => 4 volunteers are involved in all the three projects. Let x people be involved in FR alone. => Number of people involved in FR and ER but not TR = x – 4 Now, a + b + 4 = 10 => a + b = 6 Also, 7 + a + b + 4 + x + x – 4 + 8 = 37
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
=> 2x = 16x = 8 Number of Volunteers involved in FR > Number of Volunteers involved in TR And Number of Volunteers involved in FR > Number of Volunteers involved in ER => 16 + a > 17 and 16 + a > 16 + b => a > b ? a and b can be (6, 0), (5, 1), (4, 2) The minimum number of volunteers involved in both FR and TR projects, but not in the ER Project = minimum value of a = 4
29.
4. M&M Opponent a–3 a Therefore, first half From A statement M&M Opponent a–3+4 Therefore, second half a+1 ? From B statement M&M Opponent Total = ? Total = 4 Combining the two, we get Opponent scored a max of 4 goals M&M Opp Therefore, Initial condition 0 3 or 1 4 After second half 4 4 or 5 4 Therefore, There are 2 conditions possible. In one M and M ties the match and in second it wins. Ans. Questions cannot be answered. 4 The first statement tells us that A and B both made 50 and C had less. Since there was a tie, the second statement about dropped catches is also required.
30.
www.mbageeks.com
doc_380398104.pdf
Verbal LR
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
Directions for Questions: The passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question. A remarkable aspect of art of the present century is the range of concepts and ideologies which it embodies. It is almost tempting to see a pattern emerging within the art field – or alternatively imposed upon It a posteriori – similar to that which exists under the umbrella of science where the general term covers a whole range of separate, though interconnecting, activities. Any parallelism is however – in this instance at least – misleading. A scientific discipline develops systematically once its bare tenets have been established, named and categorized as conventions. Many of the concepts of modern art, by contrast, have resulted from the almost accidental meetings of groups of talented individuals at certain times and certain places. The ideas generated by these chance meetings had twofold consequences. Firstly, a corpus of work would be produced which, in great part, remains as a concrete record of the events. Secondly, the ideas would themselves be disseminated through many different channels of communication – seeds that often bore fruit in contexts far removed from their generation. Not all movements were exclusively concerned with innovation. Surrealism, for instance, claimed to embody a kind of insight which can be present in the art of any period. This claim has been generally accepted so that a sixteenth century painting by Picasso or a mysterious photograph by Monet can legitimately be discussed in surrealist terms. Briefly, then, the concepts of modern art are of many different (often fundamentally different) kinds and resulted from the exposures of painters, sculptors and thinkers to the more complex phenomena of the twentieth century, including our ever increasing knowledge of the thought and products of earlier centuries. Different groups of artists would collaborate in trying to make sense of rapidly changing world of visual and spiritual experience. We should hardly be surprised if no one group succeeded completely, but achievements, through relative, have been considerable. Landmarks have been established – concrete statements of position which give a pattern to a situation which could easily have degenerated into total chaos. Beyond this, new language tools have been created for those who follow – semantic systems which can provide a springboard for further explorations. The codifying of art is often criticized. Certainly one can understand that artists are wary of being pigeonholed since they are apt to think of themselves as individuals – sometimes with good reason. The notion of self-expression, however, no longer carries quite the weight it once did; objectivity has its defenders. There is good reason to accept the ideas codified by artists and critics, over the past sixty years or so, as having attained the status of independent existence – an independence which is not without its own value. This time factor is important here. As an art movement slips into temporal perspective, it ceases to be a living organism – becoming, rather, a fossil. This is not to say it becomes useless or uninteresting. Just as a scientist can reconstruct the life of a prehistoric environment from the messages codified into the structure of a fossil, so can an artist decipher whole webs of intellectual and creative possibility from the recorded structure of a ‘dead’ art movement. The artist can match the creative patterns crystallized into this structure against the potentials and possibilities of his own time. AS T.S Eliot observed, no one starts anything from scratch; however consciously you may try to live in the present, you are still involved with a nexus of behaviour patterns bequeathed from the past. The original and creative person is not someone who ignores these patterns, but someone who is able to translate and develop them so that they confirm more exactly to his – and our – present needs. 1. Many of the concepts of modern art have been the product of (1) ideas generated from planned deliberations between artists, painters and thinkers. (2) the dissemination of ideas through the state and its organizations.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
(3) accidental interactions among people blessed with creative muse. (4) patronage by the rich and powerful that supported art. (5) systematic investigation, codification and conventions. 2. In the passage, the word ‘fossil’ can be interpreted as (1) an art movement that has ceased to remain interesting or useful. (2) an analogy from the physical world to indicate a historic art movement. (3) an analogy from the physical world to indicate the barrenness of artistic creations in the past. (4) an embedded codification of pre-historic life. (5) an analogy from the physical world to indicate the passing of an era associated with an art movement. In the passage, the word ‘fossil’ can be interpreted as (1) an art movement that has ceased to remain interesting or useful. (2) an analogy from the physical world to indicate a historic art movement. (3) an analogy from the physical world to indicate the barrenness of artistic creations in the past. (4) an embedded codification of pre-historic life. (5) an analogy from the physical world to indicate the passing of an era associated with an art movement. The range of concepts and ideologies embodied in the art of the twentieth century is explained by (1) the existence of movements such as surrealism. (2) landmarks which give a pattern to the art history of the twentieth century. (3) new language tools which can be used for further explorations into new areas. (4) the fast changing world of perceptual and transcendental understandings. (5) the quick exchange of ideas and concepts enabled by efficient technology.
3.
4.
Directions for Questions: To summarize the Classic Navi collapse, we can tentatively identify five strands. I acknowledge, however, that Navi archaeologists still disagree vigorously among themselves—in part, because the different strands evidently varied in importance among different parts of the Navi realm; because detailed archaeological studies are available for only some Navi sites; and because it remains puzzling why most of the Navi heartland remained nearly empty of population and failed to recover after the collapse and after re-growth of forests. With those caveats, it appears to me that one strand consisted of population growth outstripping available resources: a dilemma similar to the one foreseen by Thomas Malthus in 1798 and being played out today in Rwanda (Chapter 10), Haiti (Chapter 11), and elsewhere. As the archaeologist David Webster succinctly puts it, "Too many farmers grew too many crops on too much of the landscape." Compounding that mismatch between population and resources was the second strand: the effects of deforestation and hillside erosion, which caused a decrease in the amount of useable farmland at a time when more rather than less farmland was needed, and possibly exacerbated by an anthropogenic drought resulting from deforestation, by soil nutrient depletion and other soil problems, and by the struggle to prevent bracken ferns from overrunning the fields. The third strand consisted of increased fighting, as more and more people fought over fewer resources. Navi warfare, already endemic, peaked just before the collapse. That is not surprising when one reflects that at least 5,000,000 people, perhaps many more, were crammed into an area smaller than the state of Colorado (104,000 square miles). That warfare would have
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
decreased further the amount of land available for agriculture, by creating no-man's lands between principalities where it was now unsafe to farm. Bringing matters to a head was the strand of climate change. The drought at the time of the Classic collapse was not the first drought that the Navi had lived through, but it was the most severe. At the time of previous droughts, there were still uninhabited parts of the Navi landscape, and people at a site affected by drought could save themselves by moving to another site. However, by the time of the Classic collapse the landscape was now full, there was no useful unoccupied land in the vicinity on which to begin anew, and the whole population could not be accommodated in the few areas that continued to have reliable water supplies. As our fifth strand, we have to wonder why the kings and nobles failed to recognize and solve these seemingly obvious problems undermining their society. Their attention was evidently focused on their short-term concerns of enriching themselves, waging wars, erecting monuments, competing with each other, and extracting enough food from the peasants to support all those activities. Like most leaders throughout human history, the Navi kings and nobles did not heed long-term problems, insofar as they perceived them. We shall return to this theme in Chapter 14. Finally, while we still have some other past societies to consider in this book before we switch our attention to the modern world, we must already be struck by some parallels between the Navi and the past societies discussed in Chapters 2-4. As on Easter Island, Mangareva, and among the Anasazi, Navi environmental and population problems led to increasing warfare and civil strife. As on Easter Island and at Chaco Canyon, Navi peak population numbers were followed swiftly by political and social collapse. Paralleling the eventual extension of agriculture from Easter Island's coastal lowlands to its uplands, and from the Mimbres floodplain to the hills, Copan's inhabitants also expanded from the floodplain to the more fragile hill slopes, leaving them with a larger population to feed when the agricultural boom in the hills went bust. Like Easter Island chiefs erecting ever larger statues, eventually crowned by pukao, and like Anasazi elite treating themselves to necklaces of 2,000 turquoise beads, Navi kings sought to outdo each other with more and more impressive temples, covered with thicker and thicker plaster—reminiscent in turn of the extravagant conspicuous consumption by modern American CEOs. The passivity of Easter chiefs and Navi kings in the face of the real big threats to their societies completes our list of disquieting parallels. 5. According to the passage, which of the following best represents the factor that has been cited by the author in the context of Rwanda and Haiti? (1) Various ethnic groups competing for land and other resources (2) Various ethnic groups competing for limited land resources (3) Various ethnic groups fighting wit each other (4) Various ethnic groups competing for political power (5) Various ethnic groups fighting for their identity
6.
By an anthropogenic drought, the author means (1) A drought caused by lack of rains. (2) A drought caused due to deforestation (3) A drought caused by failure to prevent bracken ferns from overrunning the fields. (4) A drought caused by actions of human beings. (5) A drought caused by climate changes.
7.
According to the passage, the drought at the time of Navi collapse had a different impact compared to the droughts earlier because
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
(1) The Navi kings continue to be extravagant when common people were suffering. (2) It happened at the time of collapse of leadership among Navis. (3) It happened when the Navi population had occupied all available land suited for agriculture. (4) It was followed by internecine warfare among Navins. (5) Irreversible environmental degradation led to this drought.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
Directions: Complete the paragraph Characters are also part of deep structure. Characters tie events in a story together and provide a thread of continuity and meaning. Stories can be about individuals, groups, projects or whole organizations, so from an organizational studies perspective, the focal actor(s) determine the level and unit of analysis used in a study. Stories of mergers and acquisitions, for example, are common place. In these stories whole organizations are personified as actors. But these macro-level stories usually are not told from the perspective of the macro-level participants, because whole organizations cannot narrate their experiences in the first person. (1) More generally, data concerning the identities and relationships of the characters in the story are required, if one is to understand role structure and social networks in which that process is embedded. (2) Personification of a whole organization abstracts away from the particular actors and from traditional notions of level of analysis. (3) The personification of a whole organization is important because stories differ depending on who is enacting various events. (4) Every story is told from a particular point of view, with a particular narrative voice, which is not regarded as part of the deep structure. (5) The personification of a whole organization is a textual device we use to make macro-level theories more comprehensible.
8.
9.
Nevertheless, photographs still retain some of the magical allure that the earliest daguerreotypes inspired. As objects, our photographs have changed; they have become physically flimsier as they have become more technologically sophisticated. Daguerre produced pictures on copper plates; today many of our photographs never become tangible thins, but instead remain filed away on computers and cameras, part of the digital ether that envelops the modern world. At the same time, our patience for the creation of images has also eroded. Children today are used to being tracked from birth by digital cameras and video recorders and they expect to see the results of their poses and performances instantly. The space between life as it is being lived and life as it is being displayed shrinks to a mere second. (1) Yet, despite these technical developments, photographs still remain powerful because they are reminders of the people and things we care about. (2) Images, after all, are surrogates carried into battle by a soldier or by a traveller on holiday. (3) Photographs, be they digital or traditional, exist to remind us of the absent, the beloved, and the dead. (4) In the new era of the digital image, the images also have a greater potential for fostering falsehood and trickery, perpetuating fictions that seem so real we cannot tell the difference. (5) Anyway, human nature being what it is, little time has passed after photography’s inventions became means of living life through images.
10.
Mma Ramotswe had a detective agency in Africa, at the foot of Kgale Hill. These were its assets; a tiny white van, two desks, two chairs, a telephone, and an old typewriter. Then there was a teapot, in which Mma Ramotswe - the only private lady detective in Botswana - brewed red bush tea. And three mugs - one for herself, one for her secretary and one for the client. What else does a detective
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
agency really nee? Detective agencies rely on human intuition and intelligence, both of which Mma Ramotswe had in abundance. (1) But there was also the view, which again would appear on no inventory. (2) No inventory would ever include those, of course. (3) She had an intelligent secretary too. (4) She was a good detective and a good woman. (5) What she lacked in possessions was more than made up by a natural shrewdness. Directions for Questions 8 to 12: Each of the following questions has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
11.
I am sometimes attacked for imposing ‘rules‘. Nothing could be further from the truth. I hate rules. All I do is report on how consumers react to different stimuli. I may say to a copywriter, —Research shows that commercials with celebrities are below average in persuading people to buy products. Are you sure you want to use a celebrity? Call that a rule? Or I may say to an art director, —Research suggests that if you set the copy in black type on a white background, more people will read it than if you set it in white type on a black background.“ 1. Guidance based on applied research can hardly qualify as ‘rules‘. 2. Thus, all my so called ‘rules‘ are rooted in applied research. 3. A suggestion perhaps, but scarcely a rule. 4. Such principles are unavoidable if one wants to be systematic about consumer behaviour. 5. Fundamentally it is about consumer behaviour œ not about celebrities or type settings
12.
Relations between the factory and the dealer are distant and usually strained as the factory tries to force cars on the dealers to smooth out production. Relations between the dealer and the customer are equally strained because dealers continuously adjust prices œ make deals œ to adjust demand with supply while maximizing profits. This becomes a system marked by a lack of long-term commitment on either side, which maximizes feelings of mistrust. In order to maximize their bargaining positions, everyone holds back information œ the dealer about the product and the consumer about his true desires. 1. As a result, ”deal making‘ becomes rampant, without concern for customer satisfaction. 2. As a result, inefficiencies creep into the supply chain. 3. As a result, everyone treats the other as an adversary, rather than as an ally. 4. As a result, fundamental innovations are becoming scarce in the automobile industry. 5. As a result, everyone loses in the long run.
Directions for Questions: In each question, there are four sentences. Each sentence has pairs of words/phrases that are italicized and highlighted. From the italicized and highlighted word(s)/phrase(s), select the most appropriate word(s)/phrase(s) to form correct sentences. Then, from the options given, choose the best one. 13. The Hockey council that was [A] / were elected last March is [A] / are at sixes and sevens over new rules.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
The critics censored [a] / censured the new movie because of its social inaccessibility. Amit’s explanation for missing the meeting was credulous [A] / credible She coughed discreetly [A] / discretely to announce her presence. (1) BBAAA (2) AAABA (3) BBBBA (4) AABBA (5) BBBAA
14.
The further [A] / farther he pushed himself, the more disillusioned he grew. For the crowds it was more of a historical [A] / historic event; for their leader, it was just another day. The old man has a healthy distrust [A] / mistrust for all new technology. This Drama is based on a real [A] / true story. One suspects that the compliment [A] / complement was backhanded (1) BABAB (2) ABBBA (3) BAABA (4) BBAAB (5) ABABA
15.
Regrettably [A] / Regretfully I have to decline your invitation. I am drawn to the poetic, sensual [A] / sensuous quality of her drawings. He was besides [A] / beside himself with rage when I told him what I had done. After brushing against a stationary [A] / stationery truck my car turned turtle. As the water began to rise over [A] / above the danger mark, the signs of an imminent flood were clear. (1) BAABA (2) BBBAB (3) AAABA (4) BBAAB (5) BABAB
Directions for Questions: There are two gaps in each of the following sentences. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately. The first word in the pair should fill the first gap. 16. Their achievement in the field of Engineering is described as ________; sometimes it is even called ________. 1. magnificent, irresponsible 2. insignificant, influential 3. significant, paltry 4. unimportant, trivial
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
Directions for Questions: There are two gaps in each of the following sentences. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately. The first word in the pair should fill the first gap. 17. This simplified ________ to the decision-making process is a must read for anyone__________ important real estate, personal, or professional decisions. 1. primer, maximizing 2. tract, enacting 3. introduction, under 4. guide, facing
Directions for Questions: There are two gaps in each of the following sentences. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately. The first word in the pair should fill the first gap. 18. Doctors may soon have ________ to help paralyzed people move their limbs by bypassing the _______ nerves that once controlled their muscles. 1. instruments, detrimental 2. ways, damaged 3. reason, involuntary 4. impediments, complex Directions for Questions: There are two gaps in each of the following sentences. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately. The first word in the pair should fill the first gap. 19. The Net-surfing is a medium where users have nearly _________ choices and _________constraints about where to go and what to do. 1. unbalanced, nonexistent 2. embarrassing, no 3. unlimited, minimal 4. choking, shocking
Directions for Questions: There are two gaps in each of the following sentences. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately. The first word in the pair should fill the first gap. 20. From the time Rita had put her hair up, every man she had met had groveled before her and she had acquired a mental attitude toward the other sex which was a blend of_________ and______. 1. admiration, tolerance 2. indifference, contempt 3. impertinence, temperance 4. arrogance, fidelity
Directions for Questions: (i) There are three houses on each side of the road. (ii) These six houses are labeled as P, Q, R, S, T and U. (iii) The houses are of different colours, namely, Red, Blue, Green, Orange, Yellow and White. (iv) The houses are of different heights. (v) T, the tallest house, is exactly opposite to the Red coloured house. (vi) The shortest house is exactly opposite to the Green coloured house.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
(vii) U, the Orange coloured house, is located between P and S. (viii) R, the Yellow coloured house, is exactly opposite to P. (ix) Q, the Green coloured house, is exactly opposite to U. (x) P, the White coloured house, is taller than R, but shorter than S and Q.
21.
What is the colour of the house diagonally opposite to the Yellow coloured house?
(1) White (3) Green (2) Blue (4) Red (5) none of these
22.
Which is the second tallest house? (1) P (3) Q
(2) S (4) R
(5) cannot be determined
Answer Questions on the basis of the information given below: K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, U and W are the only ten members in a department. There is a proposal to form a team from within the members of the department, subject to the following conditions: ? A team must include exactly one among P, R, and S. ? A team must include either M or Q, but not both. ? If a team includes K, then it must also include L, and vice versa. ? If a team includes one among S, U, and W, then it must also include the other two. ? L and N cannot be members of the same team. ? L and U cannot be members of the same team. ? The size of a team is defined as the number of members in the team.
23.
What could be the size of a team that includes K (1)2 or 3 (3) 3 or 4 (5) Only 4
(2) 2 or 4 (4) Only 2
24.
In how many ways a team can be constituted so that the team includes N? (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5 (5) 6
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
Direction for Question
Venkat, a stockbroker, invested a part of his money in the stock of four companies --- A, B, C and D. Each of these companies belonged to different industries, viz., Cement, Information Technology (IT), Auto, and Steel, in no particular order. At the ti me of investment, the price of each stock was Rs 100. Venkat purchased only one stock of each of these companies. He was expecting returns of 20%, 10%, 30%, and 40% from the stock of companies A, B, C and D, respectively. Returns are defined as the change in the value of the stock after one year, expressed as a percentage of the initial value. During the year, two of these companies announced extraordinarily good results. One of these two companies belonged to the Cement or the IT industry, while the other one belonged to either the Steel or the Auto industry. As a result, the returns on the stocks of these two companies were higher than the initially expected returns. For the company belonging to the Cement or the IT industry with extraordinarily good results, the returns were twice that of the initially expected returns. For the company belonging to the Steel or the Auto industry, the returns on announcement of extraordinarily good results were only one and a half times that of the initially expected returns. For the remaining two companies, which did not announce extraordinarily good results, the returns realized -during the year were the same as initially expected.
25.
What is the minimum average return Venkat would have earned during the year? 1. 30% 2. 31 ¼ % 3. 32 ½ % 4. Cannot be determined
26.
If Venkat earned a 35% return on average during the year, then which of these statements would necessarily be true? I. Company A belonged either to Auto or to Steel Industry. II. Company B did not announce extraordinarily good result III. Company A announced extraordinarily good results. IV Company D did not announce extraordinarily good results. 1. I and II only 2. II and III only 3. III and IV only 4. II and IV only
Answer Questions on the basis of the information given below: Help Distress (HD) is an NGO involved in providing assistance to people suffering from natural disasters. Currently, it has 37 volunteers. They are involved in three projects: Tsunami Relief (TR) in Tamil Nadu, Flood Relief (FR) in Maharashtra, and Earthquake Relief (ER) in Gujarat. Each volunteer working with Help Distress has to be involved in at least one relief work project. ? Maximum numbers of volunteers are involved in the FR project. Among them, the number of volunteers A involved in FR project alone is equal to the volunteers having additional involvement in the ER project. ? number of volunteers involved in the ER project alone is double the number of volunteers involved in all The the three projects. ? volunteers are involved in the TR project. 17 ?The number of volunteers involved in the TR project alone is one less than the number of volunteers involved in ER project alone.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
? volunteers involved in the TR project are also involved in at least one more project. Ten
27.
Based on the information given above, the minimum number of volunteers involved in both FR and TR projects, but not in the ER project is: (1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5
28.
Which of the following additional information would enable to find the exact number of volunteers involved in various projects? (1) Twenty volunteers are involved in FR. (2) Four volunteers are involved in all the three projects. (3) Twenty three volunteers are involved in exactly one project. (4) No need for any additional information.
DIRECTIONS for Questions: Each question is followed by two statements, A and B. Answer each question using the following instructions: Mark (1) Question answered by using the statement A alone but not by using the statement B alone. Mark (2) Question answered by using the statement B alone but not by using the statement A alone. Mark (3) Question answered by using either of the statements alone Mark (4) Question answered by using both together but not by either of the statements alone. Mark (5) if the question cannot be answered on the basis of the two statements.
29.
In a football match, at the half-time, Mahindra and Mahindra Club was trailing by three goals. Did it win the match? A. In the second-half Mahindra and Mahindra Club scored four goals. B. The opponent scored four goals in the match.
30.
In a cricket match, the 'man of the match' award is given to the player scoring the highest number of runs. In case of a tie, the player (out of those locked in the tie) who has taken the higher number of catches is chosen. Even thereafter if there is a tie, the player (out of those locked in the tie) who has dropped fewer catches is selected. Aakash, Biplab, and Chirag who were contenders for the award dropped at least one catch each. Biplab dropped 2 catches more than Aakash did, scored 50 same as that of Aakash, and took 2 catches. Chirag got two chances to catch and dropped both. Who was the 'man of the match'? A. Chirag made 15 runs less than both Aakash and Biplab. B. The catches dropped by Biplab are 1 more than the catches taken by Aakash.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
1. (3) In the first paragraph of the passage, refer to the lines 'Many of the concepts of modern art, by contrast, have resulted from the almost accidental meetings of groups of talented individuals at certain times and certain places'. Hence, option 3 is the reason for the emergence of the concepts of modern art. (5) According to the author, with the passage of time an art movement ceases to be a living organism and it becomes a fossil. The author then takes the example of a scientist who reconstructs the life of the past era which are codified in the form of messages in the structure of a fossil. He goes on to say similarly an artist also analyses the intellectual and creative possibilities from the art movements of the past. 'Fossil' here signifies the temporal phasing of an era associated with the art movement. This makes option 5 the correct option. Option 1 is contradictory to the facts mentioned in the passage. In option 2, the word 'historic' means significant which is not being indicated by the author. Option 3 is contradictory to the author's point of view. Option 4 is out of the scope of the argument. (1) Refer to the first sentence of the first paragraph of the passage where science and art have ben stated as similar in including a whole range of separate, though interconnecting activities. Hence, option(1) is the correct answer. In the first paragraph of the passage, refer to the lines 'Briefly, then, the concepts of modern art are of legitimately......visual and spiritual experience'. Hence, the ideologies of the art of the twentieth century can be better realised by the fast changing world of visual and metaphysical understanding. The rest of the options have no link with the concepts and ideologies of the art of the twentieth century. 1) The 2nd paragraph of the passage begins with 'With those caveats, it appears to me that one strand consisted .........to prevent bracken ferns from over running the fields'. Hence in the context of Rwanda and Haiti, the author is referring to the existence of too many people fighting for limited land and other resources. Hence, option (1) is the most appropriate answer. (4) 'Anthropogenic' refers to being caused or produced by human beings. So 'anthropogenic drought' refers to the drought caused by actions of human beings. Further hint is given in the 8th line of the 2nd paragraph of the passage. (3) In the 3rd paragraph, refer to the lines 'At the time of previous droughts.......to have reliable water supplies'. Hence, it is evident that the final drought which caused the collapse of the Navi civilization was different from the previous droughts because man had left no unoccupied land away from agriculture to start life in a new way. The paragraph in the last line is trying to generate an idea of personification. From the last 3 lines of the paragraph we can understand, that its tough to give macro level stories from the perspective of the macro level participants. So its textual device we use to make it more comprehensible. Answer is The personification of a whole organization is a textual device we use to make macro-level theories more comprehensible. Answer is Yet, despite these technical developments, photographs still remain powerful because they are reminders of the people and things we care about. No inventory would ever include those, of course, as per the source. The author tries to defend himself by saying that he never imposes rules. He gives as a couple of examples of his suggestions and questions whether a person would call it a ‘rule’. As the passage is defensive in tone choice 3 is the most appropriate which says that he gives only suggestions. Choice (3) The passage explains the kind of differences that exist between the components in the supply chain, (ie. production to distribution to consumer). The nature of the differences result in a system lacking commitment on the part of the components, and lacking transparency. The para is best closed with the option that points to the logical result of such a situation – that is provided in choice 5 'everyone
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. 10. 11.
12.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
loses in the long run'. Choice 1 is inappropriate since, in 'deal-making', the customer would have his own satisfaction in mind. Choice 2 brings in circumstances that would follow in continuation. Choice 3 brings in a thought contrary to to tone of the paragraph Choice 4 is not relevant to the content of the paragraph. Choice (5) 13. The correct usage of the sentences has both a grammatical component and a word usage component as well. The Hockey council will take singular so we will choose was and continue the same with the helping verb is. The critics will censure as it means criticize and not censor which means cut or delete. Amit's explanation was credible which means believable or plausible and not credulous which means gullible. She coughed discreetly which means doing something in a careful or circumspect manner and not discrete which means individually distinct and separate. Answer is AABBA. The further meaning extent or degree and not farther meaning distance he pushed himself….For the crowds it was more of a historic (important, significant) event and not historical (documented, ancient). The old man has a healthy distrust (regard with suspicion) for all new technology and not mistrust (lack of trust, mistrust also takes a 'of' and not for). The Drama is based on a true (in accordance to fact or reality) and not real (actual, existent). One suspects that the compliment (flattering remark, praise) and not complement (accessory, supplement) was backhanded. Answer is ABABA. Regretfully (in a regretful manner) I have to decline your invitation and not regrettably (giving rise to regret, undesirable). Iam drawn to the poetic, sensuous (aesthetic, lush) quality of her drawings and not sensual (physical, passionate). He was beside himself (beside oneself means overcome with) with rage and not besides (in addition to, apart). After brushing against a stationary (not moving) truck.. and not stationery(writing wares). As the water began to rise above (extending upwards towards) the danger mark.. and not over(extending directly upwards from). Answer is BBBAB. 4 The second word should be more intense in degree as compared to the first one, indicated by even. 4 Simplified guide…anyone facing decisions. 2 Paralyzed people do not have complex or involuntary nerves, but some of their nerves are damaged. 3 The sentence conveys the idea of the maximum possible choice, which can result only in the presence of minimal constraints. 2 The right choices should be similar in meaning.
14.
15.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Solutions – Logical Reasoning
(ii) Six houses – P, Q, R, S, T, U (iii) Colours – Red, Blue, Green, Orange, Yellow, White (iv) Different heights (v) T = tallest & opposite to Red (vi) Shortest opposite to Green (vii) U = orange & the position of U is: P/S U S/P (viii) R = yellow & opposite to P (ix) Q = Green & opposite to U (x) P = White & (S, Q) > P > R (in height) From (iv), (v), (vi), (ix) & (x), T > (S, Q) > P > R > U in terms of height From (iv), (vii), (viii), (ix) & (x), we get the following two cases.
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
21. 22. 23.
(4) Diagonally opposite to yellow is red. (5) Second tallest house is either Q or S. So, we can not determine. If K is included, then L is also included. Therefore, Both N and U are not included. Since U is not included neither of S and W is included. Therefore, The team consists of only four members. Choice (5) If N is included, then L is not included. Therefore, K is not included. But U may or may not be included. Case (i) : U is included. Therefore, S and W are also included. Therefore, Neither P nor R is included. One among M and Q is included. Hence, the possible teams are N, U, S, W and P or N, U, S, W and Q. Case (ii): U is not included. Therefore, Neither S nor W is included. Therefore, Exactly one among P and R is included. Exactly one among M and Q is included. Hence, the possible teams are (N, P and M) or (N, P and Q) or (N, R and M) or (N, R and Q). Hence, the teams can be formed in six different ways. Choice (5) At the time of investment, the total price of the four stocks was Rs. 400 Total expected returns = (20 + 10 + 30 + 40) = Rs. 100 Venkat would earn the minimum average return when the companies with the two lowest expected returns would give 2 times and 1.5 times their expected returns. Thus, minimum expected returns = 20 × 1.5 + 10 × 2 + 30 + 40 = Rs.120 = 30% of initial investment Hence, option 1. Venkat earned 35% average return i.e. Rs. 140. => He earned Rs. 40 more than expected. => 40 = x + 0.5y, where x and y correspond to expected returns on stocks that gave extraordinarily good results. => 0.5y = 40 ? x But x and y can be 20, 10, 30 or 40. If x = 20, y = 40, which is possible If x = 10, y = 60, which is not possible If x = 30, y = 20, which is possible If x = 40, y = 0, which is not possible Thus, Company A with x = 20 necessarily announced extraordinarily good results along with company C or D. B did not announce extraordinarily good results. Hence, option 2. (3) This is a lengthy one. Let sum of all 3 = x ? ER = 2x = TR (only). Now TR only = 17 – 10 = 7 = 2x – 1 ? x = 4, etc.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
(3) 17 volunteers are involved in the TR project and 10 in TR are also involved in other projects. => 7 volunteers are involved only in TR. ? 8 volunteers are involved in ER alone. => 4 volunteers are involved in all the three projects. Let x people be involved in FR alone. => Number of people involved in FR and ER but not TR = x – 4 Now, a + b + 4 = 10 => a + b = 6 Also, 7 + a + b + 4 + x + x – 4 + 8 = 37
www.mbageeks.com
Expected CAT 2011 paper | Section 2: Verbal LR
=> 2x = 16x = 8 Number of Volunteers involved in FR > Number of Volunteers involved in TR And Number of Volunteers involved in FR > Number of Volunteers involved in ER => 16 + a > 17 and 16 + a > 16 + b => a > b ? a and b can be (6, 0), (5, 1), (4, 2) The minimum number of volunteers involved in both FR and TR projects, but not in the ER Project = minimum value of a = 4
29.
4. M&M Opponent a–3 a Therefore, first half From A statement M&M Opponent a–3+4 Therefore, second half a+1 ? From B statement M&M Opponent Total = ? Total = 4 Combining the two, we get Opponent scored a max of 4 goals M&M Opp Therefore, Initial condition 0 3 or 1 4 After second half 4 4 or 5 4 Therefore, There are 2 conditions possible. In one M and M ties the match and in second it wins. Ans. Questions cannot be answered. 4 The first statement tells us that A and B both made 50 and C had less. Since there was a tie, the second statement about dropped catches is also required.
30.
www.mbageeks.com
doc_380398104.pdf