Values, Attitudes & Job satisfaction

Description
The report to understand the meaning of attitude and values, differentiate between terminal and instrumental values, idnetify conponents of attitudes, analyze the functionas of attitudes and explore the ways of changing attitudes, define job satisfaction and list the tools to measure jon satisfaction, analyze the factors affecting the job satisfaction and explain the consequences of job satisfaction.

Chapter 3 : Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Learning Objectives : g j - Understand meaning of attitude and values - Differentiate between terminal and instrumental values - Identify components of attitudes - Analyze the functions of attitudes and explore the ways of changing attitudes - Define job satisfaction and list the tools for measuring job satisfaction - Analyze the factors affecting job satisfaction and explain the consequences of job satisfaction

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Attitude Attitudes Attit d are relatively stable clusters of feelings , l ti l t bl l t f f li beliefs, and behavioral dispositions (or intentions) towards some specific objects. objects Components of attitudes - Beliefs : These are your established perceptions about the attitude object – what you believe to be true. For example, you might believe that mergers p y g g result in layoffs. Or you might believe that mergers ensure survival in an era of globalization. These beliefs d l f b li f develop from past experience and learning. t i dl i

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
- Feelings : Feelings represent your positive or negative evaluations of the attitude object. Some people think object mergers are good; others think they are bad. Your like or dislike of mergers represents your assessed feelings towards the attitude object. d h i d bj - B h i l intentions : th Behavioral i t ti these represent your motivation t ti ti to engage in a particular behavior with respect to the attitude object. You might plan to quit rather than stay j g p q y with the company during the merger. Alternatively, you might intend to e-mail senior executives that this merger ewas a good decision as decision.

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Features of attitudes - Attitudes affect behavior - Attitudes are invisible - Attitudes are acquired Sources of attitudes - Di t personal experience Direct l i - Association - S i l learning Social l i

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Formation of attitudes - Family factors - S i l factors Social f t - Organizational factors - Economic factors - Political factors Measurement of attitude - Opinion surveys : Use of questionnaire that provides for giving opinions about specific matters i i b t ifi tt - Likert’s scale :In number of statements describing att tudes attitudes having five degrees of approval (Five point scale)

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Changing others Attitudes through persuasion

In the persuasion process, a target person process, a target person is given a message in which the information presented is designed to change attitude.
Target person Attitude change Communicator • People we like • Eloquent speakers oque spe e s • Credible sources Communication • Clear, intelligible • Not too complex No oo co p e • No discrepancy

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Changing our own attitude : the process of cognitive dissonance - It is a process in which inconsistency i i hi h i it between the attitudes leads to dissonance and in the process of overcoming d i th f i dissonance, there is a change in the attitude of th person. f the

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
- To justify your decision and to avoid cognitive dissonance, you simply change the way you feel bringing your attitude in feel, line with your feelings. - B shifting your attitude in this fashion, your By hifti ttit d i thi f hi behavior is no longer inconsistent with your attitude, thereby resolving the cognitive ttit d th b l i th iti dissonance

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Values : They are stable, long-lasting beliefs about longwhat is important in a variety of situations, that guide p y , g our decisions and actions. Values represent basic actions. convictions that a specific mode of conduct is personally or socially preferable t an opposite mode ll i ll f bl to it d of conduct. conduct. Characteristics of values : - Provide standards of competence and morality ue ce t oug ts be av o - Influence thoughts & behavior - Values are learned soon after birth yp g - Are relatively permanent and resistance to change - Are most central to the core of a person

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction Children in many cultures learn quickly that it is good to be obedient and bad to disobey . They may learn that honesty, cleanliness, politeness, and similar traits, are good and thus valued. valued. If an individual’s values being on time, he will be motivated t b h ti t d to behave so as t b on ti . Th th ht to be time. time The thought of being late may stimulate feelings of stress. stress. Typical values in today’s organization include today s exceeding customer needs, engagement, innovation, bias for action, quality of life for associates, integrity, safety, d l f development of people, and cost containment. f l d containment. i Successful organization develop values that guide behavior and help achieve organizational vision

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Types of values Allport Verman has defined six major types of values : 1. Theoretical : Interest in the discovery of truth through reasoning 2. Economic : Interest in usefulness and practicality, and emphasizes standard of living. 3. Aesthetic I t A th ti : Interest in beauty, grace and artistic harmony ti b t d ti ti h 4. Social: Interest in people and human relationships 5. Political : Interest in gaining power and influencing other people. 6. Religious : Emphasizes high ideals and the search for the purpose of being on earth. earth

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Sources of values : - Familiar factors : Role of family Soc a acto o e of school, te act o s w t - Social factor : Role o sc oo , interactions with teachers, classmates and other staff members. Other institutions such as religious, economic and religious political - Personal factors : Intelligence ability appearance Intelligence, and educational levels

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction What is job satisfaction? Job satisfaction implies an individual’s general attitude towards his or her job. A p person who has a high level of j g job satisfaction has a positive attitude towards the job and one who is not contended with his job has a negative attitude towards it.

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Important aspects of job satisfactionsatisfaction- It is emotional response to a job situation. It p j cannot be seen, it can be only arrived at. - It is determined by how well results meet and exceed expectations - It refers to several related attitudes such as work itself, pay, promotion, opportunities etc.

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Tools for measuring job satisfaction l f i j b if i - Rating scales - Critical incidents - Interviews - Action tendencies Outcome of job satisfaction - Satisfaction and productivity - Satisfaction and turnover - Satisfaction and absenteeism - Satisfaction and mental & physical health

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Reactions of frustrated behavior : - Aggression W t d awa - Withdrawal - Regression - Resignation - Compromise

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Determinants of job satisfaction - Nature of job - Nature of Supervision - Working conditions - Equitable rewards - Opportunities of promotion - W k group Work - Employee morale



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