Description
Highlighting about theory of personality and human development by Eric Berne.
ONE OF THE POPULAR THEORIES OF PERSONALITY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT COULD BE EXPRESSED THROUGH T.A., ORIGINATED BY ERIC BERNE.( 1961)
?
BERNE, USED A SIMPLE DAY-TO- DAY LANGUAGE TO EXPLAIN THE DYANAMICS OF PERSONALITY & ITS APPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT. THE FOLLOWING ARE THE COMPONENTS OF HIS THEORY. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS: REFERS TO THE MAIN STRUCTURE OF A PERSONALITY IN TERMS OF THREE EGO - STATES.
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?
?
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS: EXPLAINS THE DYNAMICS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN TERMS OF TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN EGO - STATES OF A & B. LIFE- POSITION ANALYSIS: INDICATING THE FOUR POSITIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ADOPTING IN THEIR TRANSACTION WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLD.
?
?
GAMES ANALYSIS: FOCUSES ON ULTERIOR TRANSACTION LEADING TO A PAY-OFF.
?
SCRIPT ANALYSIS: DEALS WITH THE SPECIFIC LIFE DREAMS THAT PEOPLE COMPULSORILY PLAY OUT.
?
BERNE( 1966), DEFINED AN EGO STATE AS A CONSISTENT PATTERN OF FEELING & EXPERIENCE DIRECTLY RELATED TO A CONSISTENT PATTERN OF BEHAVIOUR. THE THREE EGO STATES ARE INDICATMED AS( PARENT, ADULT & CHILD).
?
?
THE PARENT EGO STATE IS A SET OF FEELINGS, ATTITUDE & BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS, WHICH RESEMBLE THOSE OF THE PARENTAL FIGURES. ADULT EGO- STATES IS AN AUTONOMOUS SET OF FEELINGS, ATTITUDE & BEHAVIOUR PATERNS, WHICH ARE ADAPTED TO THE CURRENT REALITY. CHILD EGO - STATE , RELIES ON THE INDIVIDUALS CHILDHOOD BEHAVIOUR.
?
?
?
THERE ARE FUNCTIONS.
TWO MAIN PARENTAL
?
?
NURTURING OR CONTROLLING. SANCTIONS. ( APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL)
?
THE FOCUS OF THE PARENT IS ON VALUES & NORMS.
?
ALL THE EGO STATES ARE IMPORTANT FOR A PERSON, IF ANY ONE OF THEM IS WEAK , WE CAN THEM AS UNDERDEVELOPED.
?
NUMERICALLY, THE THREE EGO- STATES SHOULD BE 33% EACH.
NORMS FOR UNDERDEVELOPED HAVE BEEN WORKED OUT, & SUGGESTED THAT IT SHOULD LESS THAN 20%.
?
?
THE FOCUS AREA OF ADULT EGO STATE IS ON COLLECTON OF INFORMATION & PROCESSING IN THE PRESENT. IT RESPONDS TO REALITY.
?
?
THE ADULT WORKS LIKE A COMPUTER , WITHOUT ANY VALUES OR EMOTIONS.
?
THE CHILD EGO - STATE HAS SEVERAL ASPECTS.: ONE: NATURAL CHILD( CURIOUS, FUNLOVING) TWO: REBILLIOUS CHILD. (REVOLTING AGAINST AUTHORITY) ADAPTED CHILD.( UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PARENT).
?
?
?
?
A TRANSACTON IS THE ACT OF COMMUNICATION OR INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO PEOPLE.
?
SINCE EACH INDIVIDUAL INVOLVED IN THE TRANSACTION HAS THREE EGOSTATES & AS SUCH ALL TRANSACTIONS ARE POSSIBLE BETWEEN THE ABOVE EGO-STATES.
?
FOR EXAMPLE, A ‘’ SENDS A MESSAGE TO B’’, & THEN B’ RESPONDS & IT IS RECEIVED BY A’, THIS IS CALLED A TRANSACTION. THE FOLOWING ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSACTIONS. COMPLEMENTARY OR PARALLEL TRANSACTIONS. CROSSED TRANSACTIONS . ULTERIOR TRANSACTIONS
?
?
? ?
?
?
COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTIONS: WHEREIN THE RESPONSES ARE FROM THE SAME EGO- STATES AS THE ONE WHICH RECEIVED THE MESSAGE.
?
SUCH TRANSACTIONS ARE USUALLY VERY SATISFYING TO THE INDIVIDUAL CONCERNED.
?
?
EXAMPLE: ONE: BOSS: OUR VALUES ARE GETTING ERODED.
?
SUBORDINATE: I AGREE WITH YOU SIR, WE ARE DETERIORATING EVERY DAY. TWO: CUSTOMER: WHAT IS PRICE OF THE WATCH? SALESMAN: Rs. 400/ ONLY. THREE: BOSS: YOU ARE LATE AGAIN. SUB: I AM SORRY, SIR.
? ?
? ?
? ?
P
P
P
P
A
C
BOSS
A
C
SUBORDINATE
A
C
CUSTOMER
A
C
SALES MAN
P
P
P
P
A
C
SUBORDINATE
A
C
BOSS
A
C
BOSS
A
C
SUBORDINATE
?
ARE SUCH KIND OF TRANSACIONS. WHEREIN THE RESPONSE MAY NOT FROM THE EGO- STATE, WHICH WAS RECEIVED AS THE MESSAGE THE UNDERNOTED EXAMPLES INDICATES THE STATUS OF CROSSED TRANSCTIONS UNDER DIFFERENT SET OF CONDITIONS.
?
?
?
?
EXAMPLES.1 BOSS: IS THE REPORT READY? SUBORDINATE: DO YOU THINK I HAVE NO OTHER TO DO?
? ?
?
EXAMPLEUB 2: SUBORDINATE : I WANT TO DISCUSS THE RESOURCES THAT ARE NEEDED TO COMPLETE THE ASSIGNMENT. BOSS: YOU ARE ALWAYS COMPLAINING.
P
P
P
P
A
C
BOSS
A
C
SUBORDINATE
A
C
SUBORDINATE
A
C
BOSS
P
P
P
P
A
C
BOSS
A
C
SUBORDINATE
A
C
SALES PERSON
A
C
CUSTOMER
?
NORMALLY, THE MESSAGES SENT ARE NOT SIMPLE THE MESSAGES MAY BE OVERT( OPEN & EXPRESSEDGE), BUT IT MAY CONTAIN A COVERT MESSAGE( A HIDDEN ONE). SUCH TRANSACTIONS ARE CALLED ULTERIOR TRANSACTIONS, BEING EXPRESSED IN THE NEXT SLIDES.
?
?
?
?
?
?
EXAMPLES 1: BOSS: WHAT IS DATE TODAY? SUBORDINATE: SIR, I SHALL DEFINITELY SEND THE REPORT TOMORROW EXAMPLE 2: SALESPERSON: THIS SHIRT IS RATHER EXPENSIVE, ESPECIALLY TAILORED FOR EXCLUSIVE TASTE. CUSTOMER: I SHALL BUY IT.
? ?
?
?
?
LIFE- POSITION COMPRISES CERTAIN CONVICTIONS ABOUT THE WORSTH OF SELF & OTHERS. AS SOON AS THE CHILD IS READY FOR SCHOOL, IT ARRIVES AT THESE CONVICTIONS
?
THE CHILDS CONVICTIONS MAY BE EITHER AS I AM O.K. OR I AM NOT O.K.
?
SIMILARILY, IT MAY LOOK AT OTHERS & THINK: ‘’ YOU ARE OK OR ‘’ YOU ARE NOT O.K
?
?
AS SUCH, WE MAY HAVE FOUR LIFE- POSITIONS
ONE:’ I ‘M OK, YOU’RE OK. ( HEALTHY POSIION) TWO: ‘ I’ M OK, YOU’RE NOT OK.( PARANOID POSITION).
?
?
?
THREE: ‘ I’ M NOT O.K, YOU’RE OK.(DEPRESSIVE POSITION) FOUR: ‘I M NOT OK, YOU’RE NOT OK.(SCHIZOID POSITION) OR FUTILITY POSITION. THESE LIFE POSITIONS CAN BE USED TO UNDERSTAND ONE’S OWN STYLE OF WORKING WITH OTHERS FOUR TRANSACTIONAL STYLE’S CAN BE DEPICTED.
?
?
?
I AM NOT OK
I AM OK
YOU ARE NOT OK
AVOIDANT/ AVERSE
BOSSING.
YOU ARE OK
DIFFIDENT
COMPETENT/ CONFIDENT/ CREATIVE.
?
THE CONCEPT OF GAMES ANALYSIS LIES WITH A SERIES OF ULTERIOR TRANSACTIONS WITH A GIMMICK, LEADING TO A WELL- DEFINED PAY-OFFS.
?
A GIMMICK IS A ‘ SNARE’OR A CONCEALED MOTIVATON.
BERNE(1972), INTRODUCED A FORMULA TO EXPLAIN THE SIX- PHASES OF GAME C + G= R -> S -> P.
?
?
?
ACCORDING TO ABOVE FORMULA:
CON PLUS GIMMICK = RESPONSE .RESPONSE---? SWITCH---? CROSSUP-? PAY-OFFS.
? ? ?
EXAMPLE: THE INITIATOR OF THE GAME BEGINS BY ISSUING HIM/HER CON. THIS IS AN ULTERIOR INVITATION TO THE OTHER PERSON TO JOIN HIM/HER IN PLAYING THE GAME HE SECOND PERSON THEN REVEALS HIS GIMMICK, A WEAKNESS OR NEED, WHICH MAKES HIM RESPOND TO THE CON.
?
?
?
FOLLOWING THIS RESPONSE, THE FIRST PLAYER SUDDENLY SHIFTS HIS/ HER GROUND, MAKING THE SWITCH. BOTH PLAYERS MAY FEEL A MOMENT OF CONFUSION Ie THE CROSSUP(‘ X’). IMMEDIATELY THEY BOTH COLLECT A PAY-OFFS OF BAD FEELINGS. THIS COULD BE FURT HER EXPLAINED AS UNDER.
?
?
?
?
PATIENT ASKED? ‘’ DO YOU I’ WILL GET BETTER, DOCTOR? SENTIMENTAL THERAPI ST REPLIED, ‘’OF- COURSE YOU WILL.
?
AT THIS, THE PATIENT REVEALS HER ULTERIOR MOTIVE.
INTEAD OF SAYING THANK YOU SIR, SHE PULLS THE SWITCH WITH, WHAT MAKES YOU THINK YOU KNOW EVERYTHINK?
?
THE REPLY OF PATIENT CROSSED THE THERAPIST & BECAME OUT OF BALANCE FOR A MOMENT & THE GAME ENDED. THE THERAPIST WAS FRUSTRATED & THOSE WERE THE PAY- OFFS. INFACT, THE CON WAS THE ORIGINAL QUESTION & GIMMICK WAS THE THERAPIST’S SENTIMENTALITY. THIS PULLS THE SWITCH, CAUSING CROSSUP , LEADING TO A COLLECTED PAY-OFFS.
?
?
?
?
THE FOUR LIFE- POSITIONS ARE COMBINED WITH THE THREE EGOSTATES.
?
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUALS DEPENDS ON THE BASIC LIFE POSITIONS EXERCISED BY HIM/HER.
THIS COULD BE REFLECTED AS UNDER:
?
LIFE POSITION
EGO -STATES
PARENT: TRADITION PRESCRIPTIVE. REGULATING AL. PATRONISING. NURTUING. OV. TASKERINDULG OBESSIVE. ADULT: ENT. COMPLAINING. ADAPTIVE. CYNICAL. AGGRESSIVE. ADAPIVE. SULKING. BOHEMIAN. WITHDRA CHILD: WN. REACTIVE. HUMEROU CREATIVE. S. NORMATIVE. SUPPORTIVE. PROBLEMSOLVING. RESILIENT. CONFRONTI NG. INNOVATIVE. INDIFFERENT . INGRATIATI NG. OVERWHELM ING. DEPENDENT. INTROPUNITI VE. SATIRICAL.
?
1. TRADITIONAL( REGULAING PARENT): THE ROLE OF THE REGULATING PARENT IS TO ESTABLISH NORMS & REGULATIONS OF BEHAVIOUR, DISAPPROVE OF ANY DEVIATION FROM THE NORMS & ENSURE THAT IT IS BEING FOLLOWED.
?
THE CONCERNED MANAGER WILL HAVE NO FAITH IN HIMSELF OR HIS SUBORDINATES.
?
2. OVERINDULGENT( NURTURING PARENT). SUCH PARENTS ARE INTERESTED IN PROTECTING & PROVIDING SUPPORT TO OTHERS. MAY SHOW MORE CONSIDERATION TOWARDS OTHERS.
?
?
?
3. CYNICAL( ADULT): IT REFERS TO LACK OF FAITH & CONCERN WITH WORK, PRODUCING A CYNICAL ATTIUDE.
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4. SULKING( ADAPTIVE CHILD): THE ADAPTIVE CHILD ACCEPTS THE NORMS OF OTHERS & ENJOYS APPROVAL & CONFIRMITY. SUCH PERSONS NORMALLY DOES NOT SHARE HIS/HER FEELINGS WITH OTHERS & PROCEED TO SULK. IE, KEEPING DISSATISFACTION PRIVATE. THIS IS A DYFUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION, GROWING OUT OF A NEED FOR SAFETY.
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5. WITHDRAWN( REACTIVE CHILD): A CHILD FEELING ANGRY TENDS TO SHOW ANGER BY WITHDRAWAL BEHAVIOUR. 6. HUMEROUS( CREATIVE CHILD): IT MAY RESULT IN ILL- TIMED HUMOUR, WHICH IS USED OCCASIONALLY TO ENLIVEN DIFFICULT SITUATIONS.
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THIS IS REFLECTED IN AN ATTITUDE OF SUPERIORITY. THE VARIOUS STYLES ARE INDICATED BELOW: 1. PRESCRIPTIVE( REGULATING CHILD): OVERCRITICAL IN FOLLOWING THE INSTRUCTIONS. 2. PATRONISING. ( NURTRING PARENT): THE CONCERNED MANAGER PROVIDES SUPPORTS THE SUBORDINATE, AS THE LATTER IS NOT CAPABLE OF TAKING CARE HIMSELF/HERSELF.
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?
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3. TASK- OBESSESED( ADULT): THE INDIVIDUAL TAKES RESPONSIBILITY FOR COMPLETING THE TASKS HIMSELF & INREFECTED IN COMPLAINING BEHAVIOUR. INVOLVES OTHERS IN SECONDARY ROLES ONLY 4. COMPLAINING( ADAPTIVE CHILD): THIS IS REFLECTED IN COMPLAINING BEHAVIOUR. EXAMPLE: SLOW GROWTH RATE OF INDUSTRIES, DUE TO EXTERNAL FACTORS.
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5. AGGRESSIVE( REACTIVE CHILD): PERSON CONCERNED WOULD SHOW AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR, MAKING HEAVY DEMANDS, GOING BACK TO THE SAME ISSUES & NEVER ALLOWING THESE TO BE SETTLED 6. BOHEMIAN( CREATIVE-CHILD): SUCH A PERSON DOES NOT SEEM TO SUSTAIN A SINGLE IDEA & IS OBESSED WITH FINDING SOME IDEAS ALL THE TIME.
?
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PEOPLE UNDER THIS CATEGORY, ARE USUALLY CREATIVE, CONFIDENT & COMPETENT. THEY HAVE RESPECT FOR THEMSELVES AS WELL FOR OTHERS. THEY EXHIBIT THE FOLLOWING SIX STYLES UNDER THIS POSITION:
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?
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1. NORMATIVE( REGULATING PARENT): THE MANAGER CONCERNED USUALLY INVOLVES SUBORDINATES IN EVOLVING NORMS & HOW SUCH NORMS WOULD BE FOLLOWED.
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2. SUPPORTIVE( NURTURING PARENT): A PERSON WITH THIS STYLE PROVIDES THE NECESSARY SUPPORT NEEDED BY OTHERS WITH WHOM HE OR SHE INTERACTS. 3. PROBLEM- SOLVING( ADULT): THIS IS TASK-OBESSED STYLE, WHEREIN EXCESSIVE CONCERN FOR TASK ACHIEVEMENT & ITS SOLUTIONS ARE SOUGHT.
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4. RESILIENT(ADAPTIVE CHILD): THIS STYLE IS CHARACTERISD BY FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION. THE PERSON ASSESSES THE SITUATION & ADAPTS TO SUIT IT, . SHOWING BEHAVIOUR. 5. CONFRONTING(REACTIVE CHILD): AGGRESSIVENESS IS CHARACTERISTIC OF THIS STYLE. THE DIFFERNCE BETWEEN PSEUDOCONFRONTATION & REAL CONFRONTATION BE MADE.
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?
?
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6. INNOVATIVE( CREATIVE CHILD): A PERSON WITH THIS STYLE IS NOT SATISFIED WITH THE AVAILABLE SOLUIONS, BUT SEARHES FOR NEW WAYS OF SOLVING A PROBLEM OR METHODS TO BE USED.
?
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INTERESTED IN STABLISING SUCH INNOVATIONS, BEFORE GOING TO THE NEXT ONES.
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THE GENERAL STYLE IN THIS CATEGORY IS TO DEPRECIATE ONESELFH, AS THE PERSON DOESNOT HAVE MUCH TRUST IN HIS/HER ABILITIES. THE FOLLOWING SIX SYLES ARE VISUALISED: 1. INDIFFERENT(REGULATING PARENT): THE PERSON CONCERNED DOESNOT CARE TO SEE HOW WELL THE NORMS ARE UNDERSTOOD.
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?
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2. INGRATIATING(NURTURING PARENT): THE MANAGER MAY DO CERTAIN THINGS TO KEEP HIS/HER SUBORDINATE IN GOOD HUMOUR, TO FACILITATE EFFECTIVE WORK BY THEM EXAMPLE: VISITING HOMES.
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?
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3. OVERWHELMED(ADULT): SUCH A PERSON IS ALWAYS CONCERNED THE TASK & CONTANTANTLY FEELS TO BE OVERWORKED & OVERBURDENED. 4. DEPENDENT(ADAPTIVE CHILD): THE NEED FOR SAFETY MAY BE REFECTED IN OVERDEPENDENCE ON OTHERS. A TRAINER WITH THE STYLE FOLLOWS THE NORMS STRICTLY& IN CASE ANY CHANGE IS SOUGHT, APROVAL OF HEAD OF INSTITUTION IS REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN. CONSULTANTS ARE USUALLY GUIDED BY THE WISHES. CLIENT’S
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?
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5. INTROPUNITIVE(REACTIVE CHILD): SUCH A PERSON IS ANGRY WITH HIMSELF OR HERSELF FOR NOT DOING CERTAIN THINGS & BLAMES HIS/HER OWN LACK OF ABILITY, SKILLS OR INEFFECTIVENESS. THEY SUFFER FROM SELF-PITY.
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6. SATIRICAL(CREATIVE CHILD):
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THE PERSON SHOWS HIS CRITICAL ATTITUDE, BUT ESCAPES USING CONFRONTATION BY USING SATIRE.
doc_430004985.ppt
Highlighting about theory of personality and human development by Eric Berne.
ONE OF THE POPULAR THEORIES OF PERSONALITY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT COULD BE EXPRESSED THROUGH T.A., ORIGINATED BY ERIC BERNE.( 1961)
?
BERNE, USED A SIMPLE DAY-TO- DAY LANGUAGE TO EXPLAIN THE DYANAMICS OF PERSONALITY & ITS APPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT. THE FOLLOWING ARE THE COMPONENTS OF HIS THEORY. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS: REFERS TO THE MAIN STRUCTURE OF A PERSONALITY IN TERMS OF THREE EGO - STATES.
?
?
?
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS: EXPLAINS THE DYNAMICS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN TERMS OF TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN EGO - STATES OF A & B. LIFE- POSITION ANALYSIS: INDICATING THE FOUR POSITIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ADOPTING IN THEIR TRANSACTION WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLD.
?
?
GAMES ANALYSIS: FOCUSES ON ULTERIOR TRANSACTION LEADING TO A PAY-OFF.
?
SCRIPT ANALYSIS: DEALS WITH THE SPECIFIC LIFE DREAMS THAT PEOPLE COMPULSORILY PLAY OUT.
?
BERNE( 1966), DEFINED AN EGO STATE AS A CONSISTENT PATTERN OF FEELING & EXPERIENCE DIRECTLY RELATED TO A CONSISTENT PATTERN OF BEHAVIOUR. THE THREE EGO STATES ARE INDICATMED AS( PARENT, ADULT & CHILD).
?
?
THE PARENT EGO STATE IS A SET OF FEELINGS, ATTITUDE & BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS, WHICH RESEMBLE THOSE OF THE PARENTAL FIGURES. ADULT EGO- STATES IS AN AUTONOMOUS SET OF FEELINGS, ATTITUDE & BEHAVIOUR PATERNS, WHICH ARE ADAPTED TO THE CURRENT REALITY. CHILD EGO - STATE , RELIES ON THE INDIVIDUALS CHILDHOOD BEHAVIOUR.
?
?
?
THERE ARE FUNCTIONS.
TWO MAIN PARENTAL
?
?
NURTURING OR CONTROLLING. SANCTIONS. ( APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL)
?
THE FOCUS OF THE PARENT IS ON VALUES & NORMS.
?
ALL THE EGO STATES ARE IMPORTANT FOR A PERSON, IF ANY ONE OF THEM IS WEAK , WE CAN THEM AS UNDERDEVELOPED.
?
NUMERICALLY, THE THREE EGO- STATES SHOULD BE 33% EACH.
NORMS FOR UNDERDEVELOPED HAVE BEEN WORKED OUT, & SUGGESTED THAT IT SHOULD LESS THAN 20%.
?
?
THE FOCUS AREA OF ADULT EGO STATE IS ON COLLECTON OF INFORMATION & PROCESSING IN THE PRESENT. IT RESPONDS TO REALITY.
?
?
THE ADULT WORKS LIKE A COMPUTER , WITHOUT ANY VALUES OR EMOTIONS.
?
THE CHILD EGO - STATE HAS SEVERAL ASPECTS.: ONE: NATURAL CHILD( CURIOUS, FUNLOVING) TWO: REBILLIOUS CHILD. (REVOLTING AGAINST AUTHORITY) ADAPTED CHILD.( UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PARENT).
?
?
?
?
A TRANSACTON IS THE ACT OF COMMUNICATION OR INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO PEOPLE.
?
SINCE EACH INDIVIDUAL INVOLVED IN THE TRANSACTION HAS THREE EGOSTATES & AS SUCH ALL TRANSACTIONS ARE POSSIBLE BETWEEN THE ABOVE EGO-STATES.
?
FOR EXAMPLE, A ‘’ SENDS A MESSAGE TO B’’, & THEN B’ RESPONDS & IT IS RECEIVED BY A’, THIS IS CALLED A TRANSACTION. THE FOLOWING ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSACTIONS. COMPLEMENTARY OR PARALLEL TRANSACTIONS. CROSSED TRANSACTIONS . ULTERIOR TRANSACTIONS
?
?
? ?
?
?
COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTIONS: WHEREIN THE RESPONSES ARE FROM THE SAME EGO- STATES AS THE ONE WHICH RECEIVED THE MESSAGE.
?
SUCH TRANSACTIONS ARE USUALLY VERY SATISFYING TO THE INDIVIDUAL CONCERNED.
?
?
EXAMPLE: ONE: BOSS: OUR VALUES ARE GETTING ERODED.
?
SUBORDINATE: I AGREE WITH YOU SIR, WE ARE DETERIORATING EVERY DAY. TWO: CUSTOMER: WHAT IS PRICE OF THE WATCH? SALESMAN: Rs. 400/ ONLY. THREE: BOSS: YOU ARE LATE AGAIN. SUB: I AM SORRY, SIR.
? ?
? ?
? ?
P
P
P
P
A
C
BOSS
A
C
SUBORDINATE
A
C
CUSTOMER
A
C
SALES MAN
P
P
P
P
A
C
SUBORDINATE
A
C
BOSS
A
C
BOSS
A
C
SUBORDINATE
?
ARE SUCH KIND OF TRANSACIONS. WHEREIN THE RESPONSE MAY NOT FROM THE EGO- STATE, WHICH WAS RECEIVED AS THE MESSAGE THE UNDERNOTED EXAMPLES INDICATES THE STATUS OF CROSSED TRANSCTIONS UNDER DIFFERENT SET OF CONDITIONS.
?
?
?
?
EXAMPLES.1 BOSS: IS THE REPORT READY? SUBORDINATE: DO YOU THINK I HAVE NO OTHER TO DO?
? ?
?
EXAMPLEUB 2: SUBORDINATE : I WANT TO DISCUSS THE RESOURCES THAT ARE NEEDED TO COMPLETE THE ASSIGNMENT. BOSS: YOU ARE ALWAYS COMPLAINING.
P
P
P
P
A
C
BOSS
A
C
SUBORDINATE
A
C
SUBORDINATE
A
C
BOSS
P
P
P
P
A
C
BOSS
A
C
SUBORDINATE
A
C
SALES PERSON
A
C
CUSTOMER
?
NORMALLY, THE MESSAGES SENT ARE NOT SIMPLE THE MESSAGES MAY BE OVERT( OPEN & EXPRESSEDGE), BUT IT MAY CONTAIN A COVERT MESSAGE( A HIDDEN ONE). SUCH TRANSACTIONS ARE CALLED ULTERIOR TRANSACTIONS, BEING EXPRESSED IN THE NEXT SLIDES.
?
?
?
?
?
?
EXAMPLES 1: BOSS: WHAT IS DATE TODAY? SUBORDINATE: SIR, I SHALL DEFINITELY SEND THE REPORT TOMORROW EXAMPLE 2: SALESPERSON: THIS SHIRT IS RATHER EXPENSIVE, ESPECIALLY TAILORED FOR EXCLUSIVE TASTE. CUSTOMER: I SHALL BUY IT.
? ?
?
?
?
LIFE- POSITION COMPRISES CERTAIN CONVICTIONS ABOUT THE WORSTH OF SELF & OTHERS. AS SOON AS THE CHILD IS READY FOR SCHOOL, IT ARRIVES AT THESE CONVICTIONS
?
THE CHILDS CONVICTIONS MAY BE EITHER AS I AM O.K. OR I AM NOT O.K.
?
SIMILARILY, IT MAY LOOK AT OTHERS & THINK: ‘’ YOU ARE OK OR ‘’ YOU ARE NOT O.K
?
?
AS SUCH, WE MAY HAVE FOUR LIFE- POSITIONS
ONE:’ I ‘M OK, YOU’RE OK. ( HEALTHY POSIION) TWO: ‘ I’ M OK, YOU’RE NOT OK.( PARANOID POSITION).
?
?
?
THREE: ‘ I’ M NOT O.K, YOU’RE OK.(DEPRESSIVE POSITION) FOUR: ‘I M NOT OK, YOU’RE NOT OK.(SCHIZOID POSITION) OR FUTILITY POSITION. THESE LIFE POSITIONS CAN BE USED TO UNDERSTAND ONE’S OWN STYLE OF WORKING WITH OTHERS FOUR TRANSACTIONAL STYLE’S CAN BE DEPICTED.
?
?
?
I AM NOT OK
I AM OK
YOU ARE NOT OK
AVOIDANT/ AVERSE
BOSSING.
YOU ARE OK
DIFFIDENT
COMPETENT/ CONFIDENT/ CREATIVE.
?
THE CONCEPT OF GAMES ANALYSIS LIES WITH A SERIES OF ULTERIOR TRANSACTIONS WITH A GIMMICK, LEADING TO A WELL- DEFINED PAY-OFFS.
?
A GIMMICK IS A ‘ SNARE’OR A CONCEALED MOTIVATON.
BERNE(1972), INTRODUCED A FORMULA TO EXPLAIN THE SIX- PHASES OF GAME C + G= R -> S -> P.
?
?
?
ACCORDING TO ABOVE FORMULA:
CON PLUS GIMMICK = RESPONSE .RESPONSE---? SWITCH---? CROSSUP-? PAY-OFFS.
? ? ?
EXAMPLE: THE INITIATOR OF THE GAME BEGINS BY ISSUING HIM/HER CON. THIS IS AN ULTERIOR INVITATION TO THE OTHER PERSON TO JOIN HIM/HER IN PLAYING THE GAME HE SECOND PERSON THEN REVEALS HIS GIMMICK, A WEAKNESS OR NEED, WHICH MAKES HIM RESPOND TO THE CON.
?
?
?
FOLLOWING THIS RESPONSE, THE FIRST PLAYER SUDDENLY SHIFTS HIS/ HER GROUND, MAKING THE SWITCH. BOTH PLAYERS MAY FEEL A MOMENT OF CONFUSION Ie THE CROSSUP(‘ X’). IMMEDIATELY THEY BOTH COLLECT A PAY-OFFS OF BAD FEELINGS. THIS COULD BE FURT HER EXPLAINED AS UNDER.
?
?
?
?
PATIENT ASKED? ‘’ DO YOU I’ WILL GET BETTER, DOCTOR? SENTIMENTAL THERAPI ST REPLIED, ‘’OF- COURSE YOU WILL.
?
AT THIS, THE PATIENT REVEALS HER ULTERIOR MOTIVE.
INTEAD OF SAYING THANK YOU SIR, SHE PULLS THE SWITCH WITH, WHAT MAKES YOU THINK YOU KNOW EVERYTHINK?
?
THE REPLY OF PATIENT CROSSED THE THERAPIST & BECAME OUT OF BALANCE FOR A MOMENT & THE GAME ENDED. THE THERAPIST WAS FRUSTRATED & THOSE WERE THE PAY- OFFS. INFACT, THE CON WAS THE ORIGINAL QUESTION & GIMMICK WAS THE THERAPIST’S SENTIMENTALITY. THIS PULLS THE SWITCH, CAUSING CROSSUP , LEADING TO A COLLECTED PAY-OFFS.
?
?
?
?
THE FOUR LIFE- POSITIONS ARE COMBINED WITH THE THREE EGOSTATES.
?
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUALS DEPENDS ON THE BASIC LIFE POSITIONS EXERCISED BY HIM/HER.
THIS COULD BE REFLECTED AS UNDER:
?
LIFE POSITION
EGO -STATES
PARENT: TRADITION PRESCRIPTIVE. REGULATING AL. PATRONISING. NURTUING. OV. TASKERINDULG OBESSIVE. ADULT: ENT. COMPLAINING. ADAPTIVE. CYNICAL. AGGRESSIVE. ADAPIVE. SULKING. BOHEMIAN. WITHDRA CHILD: WN. REACTIVE. HUMEROU CREATIVE. S. NORMATIVE. SUPPORTIVE. PROBLEMSOLVING. RESILIENT. CONFRONTI NG. INNOVATIVE. INDIFFERENT . INGRATIATI NG. OVERWHELM ING. DEPENDENT. INTROPUNITI VE. SATIRICAL.
?
1. TRADITIONAL( REGULAING PARENT): THE ROLE OF THE REGULATING PARENT IS TO ESTABLISH NORMS & REGULATIONS OF BEHAVIOUR, DISAPPROVE OF ANY DEVIATION FROM THE NORMS & ENSURE THAT IT IS BEING FOLLOWED.
?
THE CONCERNED MANAGER WILL HAVE NO FAITH IN HIMSELF OR HIS SUBORDINATES.
?
2. OVERINDULGENT( NURTURING PARENT). SUCH PARENTS ARE INTERESTED IN PROTECTING & PROVIDING SUPPORT TO OTHERS. MAY SHOW MORE CONSIDERATION TOWARDS OTHERS.
?
?
?
3. CYNICAL( ADULT): IT REFERS TO LACK OF FAITH & CONCERN WITH WORK, PRODUCING A CYNICAL ATTIUDE.
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4. SULKING( ADAPTIVE CHILD): THE ADAPTIVE CHILD ACCEPTS THE NORMS OF OTHERS & ENJOYS APPROVAL & CONFIRMITY. SUCH PERSONS NORMALLY DOES NOT SHARE HIS/HER FEELINGS WITH OTHERS & PROCEED TO SULK. IE, KEEPING DISSATISFACTION PRIVATE. THIS IS A DYFUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION, GROWING OUT OF A NEED FOR SAFETY.
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5. WITHDRAWN( REACTIVE CHILD): A CHILD FEELING ANGRY TENDS TO SHOW ANGER BY WITHDRAWAL BEHAVIOUR. 6. HUMEROUS( CREATIVE CHILD): IT MAY RESULT IN ILL- TIMED HUMOUR, WHICH IS USED OCCASIONALLY TO ENLIVEN DIFFICULT SITUATIONS.
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THIS IS REFLECTED IN AN ATTITUDE OF SUPERIORITY. THE VARIOUS STYLES ARE INDICATED BELOW: 1. PRESCRIPTIVE( REGULATING CHILD): OVERCRITICAL IN FOLLOWING THE INSTRUCTIONS. 2. PATRONISING. ( NURTRING PARENT): THE CONCERNED MANAGER PROVIDES SUPPORTS THE SUBORDINATE, AS THE LATTER IS NOT CAPABLE OF TAKING CARE HIMSELF/HERSELF.
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3. TASK- OBESSESED( ADULT): THE INDIVIDUAL TAKES RESPONSIBILITY FOR COMPLETING THE TASKS HIMSELF & INREFECTED IN COMPLAINING BEHAVIOUR. INVOLVES OTHERS IN SECONDARY ROLES ONLY 4. COMPLAINING( ADAPTIVE CHILD): THIS IS REFLECTED IN COMPLAINING BEHAVIOUR. EXAMPLE: SLOW GROWTH RATE OF INDUSTRIES, DUE TO EXTERNAL FACTORS.
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5. AGGRESSIVE( REACTIVE CHILD): PERSON CONCERNED WOULD SHOW AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR, MAKING HEAVY DEMANDS, GOING BACK TO THE SAME ISSUES & NEVER ALLOWING THESE TO BE SETTLED 6. BOHEMIAN( CREATIVE-CHILD): SUCH A PERSON DOES NOT SEEM TO SUSTAIN A SINGLE IDEA & IS OBESSED WITH FINDING SOME IDEAS ALL THE TIME.
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PEOPLE UNDER THIS CATEGORY, ARE USUALLY CREATIVE, CONFIDENT & COMPETENT. THEY HAVE RESPECT FOR THEMSELVES AS WELL FOR OTHERS. THEY EXHIBIT THE FOLLOWING SIX STYLES UNDER THIS POSITION:
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1. NORMATIVE( REGULATING PARENT): THE MANAGER CONCERNED USUALLY INVOLVES SUBORDINATES IN EVOLVING NORMS & HOW SUCH NORMS WOULD BE FOLLOWED.
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2. SUPPORTIVE( NURTURING PARENT): A PERSON WITH THIS STYLE PROVIDES THE NECESSARY SUPPORT NEEDED BY OTHERS WITH WHOM HE OR SHE INTERACTS. 3. PROBLEM- SOLVING( ADULT): THIS IS TASK-OBESSED STYLE, WHEREIN EXCESSIVE CONCERN FOR TASK ACHIEVEMENT & ITS SOLUTIONS ARE SOUGHT.
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4. RESILIENT(ADAPTIVE CHILD): THIS STYLE IS CHARACTERISD BY FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION. THE PERSON ASSESSES THE SITUATION & ADAPTS TO SUIT IT, . SHOWING BEHAVIOUR. 5. CONFRONTING(REACTIVE CHILD): AGGRESSIVENESS IS CHARACTERISTIC OF THIS STYLE. THE DIFFERNCE BETWEEN PSEUDOCONFRONTATION & REAL CONFRONTATION BE MADE.
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6. INNOVATIVE( CREATIVE CHILD): A PERSON WITH THIS STYLE IS NOT SATISFIED WITH THE AVAILABLE SOLUIONS, BUT SEARHES FOR NEW WAYS OF SOLVING A PROBLEM OR METHODS TO BE USED.
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INTERESTED IN STABLISING SUCH INNOVATIONS, BEFORE GOING TO THE NEXT ONES.
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THE GENERAL STYLE IN THIS CATEGORY IS TO DEPRECIATE ONESELFH, AS THE PERSON DOESNOT HAVE MUCH TRUST IN HIS/HER ABILITIES. THE FOLLOWING SIX SYLES ARE VISUALISED: 1. INDIFFERENT(REGULATING PARENT): THE PERSON CONCERNED DOESNOT CARE TO SEE HOW WELL THE NORMS ARE UNDERSTOOD.
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2. INGRATIATING(NURTURING PARENT): THE MANAGER MAY DO CERTAIN THINGS TO KEEP HIS/HER SUBORDINATE IN GOOD HUMOUR, TO FACILITATE EFFECTIVE WORK BY THEM EXAMPLE: VISITING HOMES.
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3. OVERWHELMED(ADULT): SUCH A PERSON IS ALWAYS CONCERNED THE TASK & CONTANTANTLY FEELS TO BE OVERWORKED & OVERBURDENED. 4. DEPENDENT(ADAPTIVE CHILD): THE NEED FOR SAFETY MAY BE REFECTED IN OVERDEPENDENCE ON OTHERS. A TRAINER WITH THE STYLE FOLLOWS THE NORMS STRICTLY& IN CASE ANY CHANGE IS SOUGHT, APROVAL OF HEAD OF INSTITUTION IS REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN. CONSULTANTS ARE USUALLY GUIDED BY THE WISHES. CLIENT’S
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5. INTROPUNITIVE(REACTIVE CHILD): SUCH A PERSON IS ANGRY WITH HIMSELF OR HERSELF FOR NOT DOING CERTAIN THINGS & BLAMES HIS/HER OWN LACK OF ABILITY, SKILLS OR INEFFECTIVENESS. THEY SUFFER FROM SELF-PITY.
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6. SATIRICAL(CREATIVE CHILD):
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THE PERSON SHOWS HIS CRITICAL ATTITUDE, BUT ESCAPES USING CONFRONTATION BY USING SATIRE.
doc_430004985.ppt