Description
This is a presentation explaining about Total Quality TQM talks about cost, operating, implementation, Stratification, Check sheet, Scatter Diagram, Histogram, Ishikwa Diagram / cause and effect diagram, Pareto Diagram and Control Charts (X and R charts).
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
CONCEPTS & METHODOLOGY
8 BUILDING BLOCKS OF TQM
? Act always in line with Customer needs
? Develop an internal Customer-Supplier
? ? ? ? ? ?
relationship Measure „ value added „ Customer feature Do it right the first time. Work in “ 7 zero “ banner. Focus on prevention. Involve all participants in the enterprise. Satisfy all parties at the same time.
PREVENTION BASED SYSTEM
? Compulsory for TQM
? Mistake once committed not to be repeated
again. ? Formulate prevention based system as per PD-C-A cycle or ISO 9000:2000 Qualty management system. ? Find out root cause of mistake and take corrective and preventive measures.
Recognition and Reward system
? Reward the performers.
? Identify, train and educate non-performers.
? Reward contributing person as per Kaizen /
QC practices
Cost of Qualty
? Impact of cost of Qualty or cost of poor Qualty ? ? ? ?
(COPQ) on profitability of organization. Cost of Qualty is measure of the level to Qualty to be maintained by the Orgn. Cost of poor Qualty is a measure of all wastages. Initially external failure and rejection is high. With maturity of Qualty system, failure & cost becomes minimum.
TQM STEPS IN A WORLD CLASS ORGANIZATION
? Set Mission ? Identify Customer ? Identify Customer Needs ? Define critical processes and measures ? Set Organizational vision.
? Develop Strategic Plan (8-10 years)
? Develop Annual Plan for breakthrough. ? Revise Roles and Responsibilities.
? Form „ Qualty circle „ to set Change Strategy.
? Quaterly/Annually Review
PHILOSOPHY QUALTY CIRCLE
? Respect Human Dignity
? Use brain power of Employees
? Motivate Employees at grass root level.
BENEFITS OF QUALTY CIRCLE
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Develops mutual trust and co-operation between Management and Workers. Involves Workers in decision making process in their work. Improves Productivity. Distribute benefits between Management, Labour and Customers. Changes total attitude to a constant, self renovating force of business enterprise. Develops knowledge management culture. Improves Qualty of products and services. Increases sales and reduces the cost of production. Focuses on higher safety and reduce changes of accident. Ensures better house-keeping Increase profitability and reduces waste Needs better motivation and involvement of Employees Needs to enrich Qualty of work life Creates atmosphere of positive and proactive workforce with harmony and mutual trust. Creates better human relation, effective teak-work and participative culture. Promotes job knowledge and greater sense of belonging.
STRUCTURE OF QUALTY CIRCLE
? Headed by Top Management who forms Steering
Committee ? All Heads of function are members; chaired by the Chief Executive ? Typical structure is as follows;
? ? ? ? ? ?
Top management Steering committee Facilitator Leader and Deputy Leader Members Non – Members
? Co-ordinating agency will be from all the above. ? Non members are invited as Consultant to solve
work-related problems of Qualty Circle Group.
OPERATING OF QUALTY CIRCLE
? Problem identification.
? Problem selection by members.
? Problem analysis & discussion of alternatives. ? Data from Specialists if needed. ? Arrive at best solution. ? Presentation to Management. ? Review of recommendation & approval by
Management. ? Implementation.
IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALTY CIRCLE
? Step by step implementation. ? Form structure of „Qualty Circle „. ? Each Group may be of about 10 workmen/staff from
same area. ? Departmental supervisor is the leader. ? Get help from a Facilitator. ? Non members are specialists who solve technical problem on request. ? Coordinating Agency to send reports periodically to Steering Committee.
IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALTY CIRCLE ( Contd )
? Explain Philosophy of Qualty Circle and teach
problem solving techniques like “Pareto Analysis “ to QC members. ? QC Team identifier priority problems & takes up for analysis in weekly meetings. ? Collect Data. Take help from Specialists. ? Present best solution with cost benefit analysis to Management for approval. ? Implement the solution and make this a part of working system.
?
SEVEN TOOLS OF TQC/QUALTY CIRCLE
? Stratification.
? Check sheet.
? Scatter Diagram. ? Histogram. ? Ishikwa Diagram / cause and effect diagram. ? Pareto Diagram. ? Control Charts (X and R charts).
STRATIFICATION
? Tool for recording & presentation of data.
?
? ? ? ?
Helps easy analyses of data & observations. Segregates group of observations into several subgroups. Decide criteria for selection of DATA. Nature of Problem decides formation of Strata. Analyse the Strata to get solution.
CHECK SHEET
? Method of data collection & presentation.
? Same check sheet to collect comparable data.
? Check sheet to be closed type; ticking in boxes
as far as possible. ? Statistically sample quantum of information required. ? Identify & eliminate biased data.
SCATTER DIAGRAM
? Drawn to a scale for collection of data & plotted
on a graph. ? Finds out relation between hypothesis & result. ? Two correlated data plotted on a graphical scale; one on X & another on Y axis. ? Respective points indicate relationship between dependent & independent variable.
?
HISTOGRAM
? Visual presentation.
? Spread on distribution of data to monitor a
? ? ? ?
process. Helps to verify meeting Customer?s requirement consistently. Data are classified into groups or classes. Helps ascertain „ range „ and „ distribution „. Causes of defects on X axis and frequency on Y axis.
ISHIKWA DIAGRAM/CAUSE EFFECT DIAGRAM
? ? ? ? ?
?
? ?
?
?
Problem solving technique. Named after legendary Japanese Management GWM, Ishikwa Also known as “Fish Bone Diagram”. Analyses characteristics of a Process and causative factors for the same. Also analyses causes of deviation from specification & remedies for the same. Causes classified under 5 categories ie. men, machine, method, material and environment. For each clause, subclause, are defined and written on diagram. Cross functional team from Production, Marketing, Qualty, Engg., R & D, Materials etc. analyse causes of the problem. Brain storming session with concerned team identifies root cause of the problem. Group evolves corrective & preventive action which are implemented for correction & preventing recurrence.
PARETO DIAGRAM
? 20% of world population holds 80% wealth. ? 20% of land area provides 80% of food grain. ? 20% of employees in orgn. responsible for 80% of ? ?
?
?
Sales. 80-20 Rule to prioritize problems to be taken up first. Problems plotted according to priority using bar graph format with 100% indicating total amount of value cost. Actual & cumulative frequencies are plotted on left & right sides on the diagram. 20% of non conformities have 80% of frequency of occurrences.
CONTROL CHARTS
? X charts ( X is average of each sub-group ).
? Mean Value X is mean of entire population
samples ? R charts ( R is average of Ranges ) ? R = X max - Xmin
doc_603639265.pptx
This is a presentation explaining about Total Quality TQM talks about cost, operating, implementation, Stratification, Check sheet, Scatter Diagram, Histogram, Ishikwa Diagram / cause and effect diagram, Pareto Diagram and Control Charts (X and R charts).
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
CONCEPTS & METHODOLOGY
8 BUILDING BLOCKS OF TQM
? Act always in line with Customer needs
? Develop an internal Customer-Supplier
? ? ? ? ? ?
relationship Measure „ value added „ Customer feature Do it right the first time. Work in “ 7 zero “ banner. Focus on prevention. Involve all participants in the enterprise. Satisfy all parties at the same time.
PREVENTION BASED SYSTEM
? Compulsory for TQM
? Mistake once committed not to be repeated
again. ? Formulate prevention based system as per PD-C-A cycle or ISO 9000:2000 Qualty management system. ? Find out root cause of mistake and take corrective and preventive measures.
Recognition and Reward system
? Reward the performers.
? Identify, train and educate non-performers.
? Reward contributing person as per Kaizen /
QC practices
Cost of Qualty
? Impact of cost of Qualty or cost of poor Qualty ? ? ? ?
(COPQ) on profitability of organization. Cost of Qualty is measure of the level to Qualty to be maintained by the Orgn. Cost of poor Qualty is a measure of all wastages. Initially external failure and rejection is high. With maturity of Qualty system, failure & cost becomes minimum.
TQM STEPS IN A WORLD CLASS ORGANIZATION
? Set Mission ? Identify Customer ? Identify Customer Needs ? Define critical processes and measures ? Set Organizational vision.
? Develop Strategic Plan (8-10 years)
? Develop Annual Plan for breakthrough. ? Revise Roles and Responsibilities.
? Form „ Qualty circle „ to set Change Strategy.
? Quaterly/Annually Review
PHILOSOPHY QUALTY CIRCLE
? Respect Human Dignity
? Use brain power of Employees
? Motivate Employees at grass root level.
BENEFITS OF QUALTY CIRCLE
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Develops mutual trust and co-operation between Management and Workers. Involves Workers in decision making process in their work. Improves Productivity. Distribute benefits between Management, Labour and Customers. Changes total attitude to a constant, self renovating force of business enterprise. Develops knowledge management culture. Improves Qualty of products and services. Increases sales and reduces the cost of production. Focuses on higher safety and reduce changes of accident. Ensures better house-keeping Increase profitability and reduces waste Needs better motivation and involvement of Employees Needs to enrich Qualty of work life Creates atmosphere of positive and proactive workforce with harmony and mutual trust. Creates better human relation, effective teak-work and participative culture. Promotes job knowledge and greater sense of belonging.
STRUCTURE OF QUALTY CIRCLE
? Headed by Top Management who forms Steering
Committee ? All Heads of function are members; chaired by the Chief Executive ? Typical structure is as follows;
? ? ? ? ? ?
Top management Steering committee Facilitator Leader and Deputy Leader Members Non – Members
? Co-ordinating agency will be from all the above. ? Non members are invited as Consultant to solve
work-related problems of Qualty Circle Group.
OPERATING OF QUALTY CIRCLE
? Problem identification.
? Problem selection by members.
? Problem analysis & discussion of alternatives. ? Data from Specialists if needed. ? Arrive at best solution. ? Presentation to Management. ? Review of recommendation & approval by
Management. ? Implementation.
IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALTY CIRCLE
? Step by step implementation. ? Form structure of „Qualty Circle „. ? Each Group may be of about 10 workmen/staff from
same area. ? Departmental supervisor is the leader. ? Get help from a Facilitator. ? Non members are specialists who solve technical problem on request. ? Coordinating Agency to send reports periodically to Steering Committee.
IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALTY CIRCLE ( Contd )
? Explain Philosophy of Qualty Circle and teach
problem solving techniques like “Pareto Analysis “ to QC members. ? QC Team identifier priority problems & takes up for analysis in weekly meetings. ? Collect Data. Take help from Specialists. ? Present best solution with cost benefit analysis to Management for approval. ? Implement the solution and make this a part of working system.
?
SEVEN TOOLS OF TQC/QUALTY CIRCLE
? Stratification.
? Check sheet.
? Scatter Diagram. ? Histogram. ? Ishikwa Diagram / cause and effect diagram. ? Pareto Diagram. ? Control Charts (X and R charts).
STRATIFICATION
? Tool for recording & presentation of data.
?
? ? ? ?
Helps easy analyses of data & observations. Segregates group of observations into several subgroups. Decide criteria for selection of DATA. Nature of Problem decides formation of Strata. Analyse the Strata to get solution.
CHECK SHEET
? Method of data collection & presentation.
? Same check sheet to collect comparable data.
? Check sheet to be closed type; ticking in boxes
as far as possible. ? Statistically sample quantum of information required. ? Identify & eliminate biased data.
SCATTER DIAGRAM
? Drawn to a scale for collection of data & plotted
on a graph. ? Finds out relation between hypothesis & result. ? Two correlated data plotted on a graphical scale; one on X & another on Y axis. ? Respective points indicate relationship between dependent & independent variable.
?
HISTOGRAM
? Visual presentation.
? Spread on distribution of data to monitor a
? ? ? ?
process. Helps to verify meeting Customer?s requirement consistently. Data are classified into groups or classes. Helps ascertain „ range „ and „ distribution „. Causes of defects on X axis and frequency on Y axis.
ISHIKWA DIAGRAM/CAUSE EFFECT DIAGRAM
? ? ? ? ?
?
? ?
?
?
Problem solving technique. Named after legendary Japanese Management GWM, Ishikwa Also known as “Fish Bone Diagram”. Analyses characteristics of a Process and causative factors for the same. Also analyses causes of deviation from specification & remedies for the same. Causes classified under 5 categories ie. men, machine, method, material and environment. For each clause, subclause, are defined and written on diagram. Cross functional team from Production, Marketing, Qualty, Engg., R & D, Materials etc. analyse causes of the problem. Brain storming session with concerned team identifies root cause of the problem. Group evolves corrective & preventive action which are implemented for correction & preventing recurrence.
PARETO DIAGRAM
? 20% of world population holds 80% wealth. ? 20% of land area provides 80% of food grain. ? 20% of employees in orgn. responsible for 80% of ? ?
?
?
Sales. 80-20 Rule to prioritize problems to be taken up first. Problems plotted according to priority using bar graph format with 100% indicating total amount of value cost. Actual & cumulative frequencies are plotted on left & right sides on the diagram. 20% of non conformities have 80% of frequency of occurrences.
CONTROL CHARTS
? X charts ( X is average of each sub-group ).
? Mean Value X is mean of entire population
samples ? R charts ( R is average of Ranges ) ? R = X max - Xmin
doc_603639265.pptx