The Security and Democratic challenges in Asia-Pacific

The Security and Democratic challenges in Asia-Pacific

By: Amit Bhushan Date: 21st Jan 2017

The bleak signals emerging from the Numero Uno political power with confused to gloomy forecast by ‘political analysts’ pointing towards a security gloom in Asia, which require security balance from external sources for its health. The reason being that democracies in the region have long ignored democratic values while choosing interests of the sovereign governments. In a ‘functional democracy’, there are several competing political forces pursuing different interests. Such forces invariable take positions which would benefit or strengthen select some external forces while in their natural quest for political upmanship. However while they exercise international diplomacy, such political forces need to rise above their individual interests and ensure that democratic pursuits elsewhere are also thriving. Then only a balance of interest can be ensured.

If for some reason such a principle is ignored then external forces would be out there to exploit the situation. The reason for political dilemma in Asia Pacific is much the same. The political powers in government have ignored support for democratic pursuits in international arena while in their gusto to develop upon political partnerships to serve their domestic ends. This made them dependent on the external forces to maintain security as well as political balance for the region. Such powers were quite indulgent earlier, but now have a rising cost. So the political analyst are worried. It is interesting that we just have discussions regards the security re-balance only while no one seems to be thinking about a political re-balance, viz. how can governments in the region be pursuing more democracy within the region. The nations can have security related red-lines, however red-lines related to political upmanship can only be demanded by dictatorships (of course some democratic leaders are also often seen asking for the same with little reprimand from media and analyst for the same). Supporting such dictatorships without thinking about consequences could not have continued unabated, and such a question have come to haunt the political leaders in the region.

It is interesting that the talk about the limitation of role of a country in providing perceived security for the region is seen to be destabilizing. This is because some other power is automatically assumed to be positioned to usurp such a situation to its advantage. The reason is lack of competing democratic political forces and influence of these nations either individually or collectively on them. Again while we have nations toying in or re-calibrating security related options like ‘One China policy’, there has been little demand to recognize multiple political parties in other countries who may be pursuing competing and varied interests. This is while some nations are clear at freedom to exercise choice about which leaders they may be more comfortable or cozy with. And they can limit the influence of other nations simply by not recognizing competing political interests in their home country. This might be a failure of political diplomacy which has worked to the advantage of non-democracies rather. What might be needed is that the nations are made to think about such policies and related options as well. The diplomatic gatherings discussing limited security scenarios while ignoring political scenarios might be serving narrow interests rather than looking scenarios and options in wholesome manner. The nations want some others to assert for them without themselves being assertive about a domestically cherished value which is democracy, and this seem to be having a cost now. Let’s watch the ‘Game’ evolve further…..
 

The Security and Democratic Challenges in the Asia-Pacific Region​

The Asia-Pacific region, a vast and diverse geographical area encompassing East Asia, Southeast Asia, Oceania, and parts of the Americas, is home to some of the world's most dynamic economies and a significant portion of the global population. However, this region is not without its challenges, particularly in the realms of security and democracy. These issues are multifaceted and deeply interconnected, influencing the stability and prosperity of the region in profound ways.

Security Challenges​

  1. Territorial Disputes and Military Tensions
    • South China Sea: One of the most contentious issues in the region is the territorial disputes in the South China Sea. Multiple countries, including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and Taiwan, claim various islands and maritime zones. China's assertive behavior, including the construction of artificial islands and the militarization of disputed areas, has raised tensions and prompted regional powers like the United States and Japan to increase their presence in the area.
    • Korean Peninsula: The ongoing conflict between North Korea and South Korea, with the former's pursuit of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles, remains a significant security concern. The unpredictability of North Korea's actions and the potential for a miscalculation leading to conflict are major risks.
    • Taiwan Strait: The relationship between China and Taiwan is another flashpoint. China considers Taiwan a part of its territory and has not ruled out the use of force to achieve reunification. The United States' commitment to Taiwan's defense further complicates the situation, leading to periodic tensions and diplomatic standoffs.
  2. Cybersecurity Threats
    • As the region becomes more digitally integrated, the threat of cyber attacks has increased. State-sponsored cyber espionage, intellectual property theft, and disruptions to critical infrastructure are significant concerns. Countries like China and North Korea are often cited as major sources of cyber threats, while others, such as Japan and South Korea, are frequent targets.
  3. Terrorism and Insurgency
    • While the threat of terrorism has global dimensions, the Asia-Pacific region is not immune. Groups like the Abu Sayyaf in the Philippines and Jemaah Islamiyah in Indonesia have conducted attacks in the past. Additionally, the region is grappling with the return of foreign fighters from conflict zones like Syria and Iraq, posing new security risks.
  4. Natural Disasters and Climate Change
    • The Asia-Pacific is particularly vulnerable to natural disasters such as typhoons, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Climate change exacerbates these risks, leading to more frequent and severe events. The region's densely populated coastal areas and economic dependence on agriculture make it susceptible to significant disruption and loss.

Democratic Challenges​

  1. Authoritarianism and Political Repression
    • Several countries in the region, including China, Vietnam, and Cambodia, have authoritarian governments that restrict political freedoms and suppress dissent. The lack of democratic institutions and the concentration of power in the hands of a few leaders pose significant challenges to the development of open and inclusive societies.
    • In Myanmar, the 2021 military coup has led to widespread human rights abuses and a rollback of democratic gains. The international community has condemned the coup, but regional responses have been mixed, with some ASEAN members more hesitant to apply pressure.
  2. Erosion of Democratic Norms
    • Even in countries with established democratic systems, there are growing concerns about the erosion of democratic norms. In Thailand, for example, the military has a significant influence on politics, and recent constitutional changes have limited the power of elected officials. Similarly, the Philippines under President Rodrigo Duterte has seen a rise in extrajudicial killings and a crackdown on the media and civil society.
  3. Economic Inequality and Social Unrest
    • Economic disparities within and between countries in the region can fuel social unrest and political instability. Inequality can lead to disenfranchisement and resentment, which may be exploited by authoritarian leaders or extremist groups. The rapid economic growth in countries like China and Vietnam has not been evenly distributed, leading to significant social tensions.
  4. Media Freedom and Censorship
    • The control of media and information is a critical issue in the region. Countries like China and Vietnam have stringent censorship laws, limiting the flow of information and stifling free speech. Even in democracies like Singapore, media freedom is restricted, and the government exercises significant control over the narrative.

Interconnectedness of Security and Democratic Challenges​

The security and democratic challenges in the Asia-Pacific are intricately linked. Authoritarian regimes often use security concerns as a pretext to justify repressive measures, while democratic backsliding can lead to increased instability and conflict. For example, the lack of political freedoms in Myanmar has contributed to the rise of ethnic conflicts and the internal displacement of large populations. Similarly, economic inequality and social unrest can be exploited by external powers to foment division and instability.

Regional Responses and International Cooperation​

  • ASEAN and Regional Organizations: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plays a crucial role in regional diplomacy and conflict resolution. However, its principle of non-interference often limits its ability to address internal political issues in member states. Other regional organizations, such as the East Asia Summit and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), also have a role to play in promoting security and economic cooperation.
  • United States and Japan: The United States and Japan are key players in the region's security architecture. Their alliances and military presence serve as a counterbalance to China's growing influence. However, these relationships also need to be balanced with respect for the sovereignty and internal affairs of regional states.
  • International Community: The international community, including the European Union and Australia, can support democratic institutions and human rights through diplomatic engagement, economic assistance, and technical cooperation. Multilateral efforts to address climate change and natural disasters are also crucial for the region's long-term stability.

Conclusion​

The Asia-Pacific region faces significant security and democratic challenges that require comprehensive and multifaceted solutions. Addressing these issues will involve a combination of regional cooperation, international support, and domestic reforms. By working together, countries in the region can build a more secure and democratic future, ensuring long-term stability and prosperity. The path forward is fraught with complexities, but the stakes are high, and the need for action is urgent.
 
The Security and Democratic challenges in Asia-Pacific

By: Amit Bhushan Date: 21st Jan 2017

The bleak signals emerging from the Numero Uno political power with confused to gloomy forecast by ‘political analysts’ pointing towards a security gloom in Asia, which require security balance from external sources for its health. The reason being that democracies in the region have long ignored democratic values while choosing interests of the sovereign governments. In a ‘functional democracy’, there are several competing political forces pursuing different interests. Such forces invariable take positions which would benefit or strengthen select some external forces while in their natural quest for political upmanship. However while they exercise international diplomacy, such political forces need to rise above their individual interests and ensure that democratic pursuits elsewhere are also thriving. Then only a balance of interest can be ensured.

If for some reason such a principle is ignored then external forces would be out there to exploit the situation. The reason for political dilemma in Asia Pacific is much the same. The political powers in government have ignored support for democratic pursuits in international arena while in their gusto to develop upon political partnerships to serve their domestic ends. This made them dependent on the external forces to maintain security as well as political balance for the region. Such powers were quite indulgent earlier, but now have a rising cost. So the political analyst are worried. It is interesting that we just have discussions regards the security re-balance only while no one seems to be thinking about a political re-balance, viz. how can governments in the region be pursuing more democracy within the region. The nations can have security related red-lines, however red-lines related to political upmanship can only be demanded by dictatorships (of course some democratic leaders are also often seen asking for the same with little reprimand from media and analyst for the same). Supporting such dictatorships without thinking about consequences could not have continued unabated, and such a question have come to haunt the political leaders in the region.

It is interesting that the talk about the limitation of role of a country in providing perceived security for the region is seen to be destabilizing. This is because some other power is automatically assumed to be positioned to usurp such a situation to its advantage. The reason is lack of competing democratic political forces and influence of these nations either individually or collectively on them. Again while we have nations toying in or re-calibrating security related options like ‘One China policy’, there has been little demand to recognize multiple political parties in other countries who may be pursuing competing and varied interests. This is while some nations are clear at freedom to exercise choice about which leaders they may be more comfortable or cozy with. And they can limit the influence of other nations simply by not recognizing competing political interests in their home country. This might be a failure of political diplomacy which has worked to the advantage of non-democracies rather. What might be needed is that the nations are made to think about such policies and related options as well. The diplomatic gatherings discussing limited security scenarios while ignoring political scenarios might be serving narrow interests rather than looking scenarios and options in wholesome manner. The nations want some others to assert for them without themselves being assertive about a domestically cherished value which is democracy, and this seem to be having a cost now. Let’s watch the ‘Game’ evolve further…..
This article offers an exceptional deep dive into the complexities of political policy. The writer's writing style is both analytical and accessible, making intricate policy discussions understandable and engaging for a broad audience. Their ability to translate dense political mechanics into relatable prose is a significant asset, demonstrating a profound understanding paired with strong communication skills. The structure is meticulously organized, systematically breaking down the policy in question and exploring its various facets with a methodical yet engaging approach. This allows readers to grasp the nuances and implications thoroughly. Furthermore, the outstanding clarity of the policy analysis is a defining feature. The arguments are presented with such precision, and the potential outcomes so plainly articulated, that the article becomes an invaluable guide for anyone seeking to understand the real-world impact of political decisions.
 
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