Description
mba dessertation
A study on the effects of microfinance on Women Empowerment
A Synopsis Submitted to
DEVI AHILYA VISHWAVIDYALAYA, INDORE For the Partial Fulfillment of Award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration
Supervisor PRASHANT KUMAR SIDDHEY
Asstt. Professor, MBA Department
Submitted by ANKITA UPADHYAY
Student, MBA 3rd Semester
Shri VaishnavSM Institute of Technology & Science.
DECLARATION
I am ANKITA UPADHYAY student of Shri Vaishnav School of Business Management, Shri VaishnavSM Institute of Technology & Science (SVITS), Indore (M.P.). I have prepared synopsis for “Major Research Project” on the topic “A study on the effects of microfinance on
Women Empowerment”.
I hereby declare that the work is authentic.
ANKITA UPADHYAY MBA (Full Time) 3rd semester
CERTIFICATE
This is certified that Mr. ANKITA UPADHYAY is a student of MBA (Full Time) 3rd semester of Shri Vaishnav School of Business Management, Shri VaishnavSM Institute of Technology & Science (SVITS), Indore (M.P.). She has prepared her synopsis for Major Research Project on the topic “A study on the effects of microfinance on Women Empowerment”.
The synopsis was prepared under my supervision for the partial fulfillment of the award of degree of Master of Business Administration.
PRASHANT KUMAR SIDDHEY
Asstt. Professor, MBA Department
1. INTRODUCTION:
In spite of prevalence of the term empowerment, many people are confused as to what the empowerment of women implies in social, economic and political terms. Knowledge regarding the empowerment strategies such as integrated rural development, women development, community participation and awareness building is even less clear. The attention given to women?s empowerment is usually based on the premises that it is a role of microfinance status. Working women contribute to national income of the country and maintain a sustainable livelihood of the families and communities, throughout the world. As they face many sociocultural attitude, legal barriers, lack of education and personal difficulties. Traditionally, women have been marginalized. They are rarely financially independent and often they are more vulnerable members of society. About70% of world?s poor, are women. Yet they have no access to credit and other financial services. Therefore, microfinance often target women. Microfinance is a critical tool to empower women from poor household. So, particularly women can get benefit from microfinance institutions as many microfinance institutions target only women, to empower them.
1.1 Women Empowerment:
Empowerment of women means to let women survive and let them live a life with dignity, humanity, respect, self esteem and self reliance. Kabeer (1999) stresses that women?s empowerment is the process to acquire the ability from which those who have been denied the ability to make the strategic life choices. Her emphasis that ability to exercise choice incorporates three interrelated dimensions: Resources, Agency and Achievements. According to UNIFEM, “to generate choices, gaining the ability and exercise bargaining power”,“ developing a sense of self worth, to secure desired changes, belief in one?s ability and the right to control one?s life” are important elements of women empowerment. Women will be empowered when they will have full control over their own life.
1.2 Microfinance in Women Empowerment:
Microfinance is a type of banking service which provides access to financial and non financial services to low income or unemployed people. Microfinance is a power full tool to self empower the poor people especially women at world level and especially in developing countries. Microfinance activities can give them a means to climb out of poverty. From early 1970's women movement in number of countries increasing to alleviate poverty through microfinance programs. The problem of women less access to credit was given a particular concentration at First International Women Conference in Mexico in 1975. The evolution of microfinance is from Bangladesh since late 1970s and a very successful project. Microfinance services lead to women empowerment by positively influencing women?s decision making power at household level and their overall socioeconomic status. By the end of 2000, microfinance services had reached over 79 million of the poorest of the world. As such microfinance has the potential to make a significant contribution to gender equality and promote sustainable livelihood and better working condition for women. (ILO Geneva) It has been well documented that an increase in women resources or better approach for credit facilities results in increased well being of the family especially children.
Microfinance plays a great role in the lives of millions of poor people particularly women. Most areas of city, where microfinance loan is disbursed, dearth of women decision making at domestic level exist in both rural and urban areas of city. Microfinance as a whole is a new concept for improvement of women empowerment.
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
These literatures include books written on the subject by experts and also journals, manuals, etc. In fact, there are very few literatures entrepreneurial development of women. available, regarding socio-economic, political and
Asim (2008) evaluates the impact of micro credit program on indicators of women empowerment in urban slums of Lahore district, Pakistan. The author has chosen specialized institutions with women focusing models. So, the most appropriate institutions according to author are Kashaf foundation and Community Support Concern (CSC). Three potential sources of selection biases measured the impact of program. Firstly, program participants different from their control comparators. Second is that the treatment group might differ from control group in the distribution of unobserved characteristics. Third bias can rise if participants have positive externalities on those who have later joined program. The author construct preference based indicators including child related and health related decisions and economic decisions, social mobility decisions, resource allocated decisions and autonomy based indicators including household purchase and child related decisions. To explore the link between women empowerment and micro credit participants, the author used three different estimates; simple parametric framework of conditional mean independence, randomization of treatment and bivariate probit model. The results show that micro credit intervention has no impact on child related health, economic and social mobility decisions. On average, women in treatment group were no more independent or autonomous than the control group in small household purchases. Participation in micro credit program is found to be insignificant in explaining all the outcome indicators of empowerment for sampled household.
Chaudary and Nosheen (2009) women empowerment is one of important issue of present day development policies in developing countries. Since empowerment is multidimensional concept, it is determined by many socio economic factors and cultural norms. The author attempts to explore the determinants of women empowerment using regression analysis. The data were collected from district of southern Punjab, especially from rural urban and tribal areas. The status of women is much more vulnerable in rural and tribal areas and they have very limited access to
all basic facilities. The sample selected for survey by using stratified random sampling and all respondents belonging to the age group of 14-65 years. For women empowerment easurement four indices are developed in making a cumulative index. The results show that age, married women and women having Islamic view have statistically positive impact on women empowerment.
Rehman and Khan (2007) presents that microfinance is the provision of collateral free loans to poor people especially in rural areas that are repayable in frequent and easy installments. These are effective mechanisms for poverty reduction, to improve health, education, legal rights, sanitation and other living standards. Microfinance programs target women, most vulnerable part of society who lives within household with no assets. By providing them opportunity for self employment, these programs have significantly improved women security, autonomy, self confidence and status within the household which in turn improves women empowerment. This thesis based on client's perspective, special focus on Bangladesh. This research is based on positivists and interprets visits. The main goal is to find out not only the mechanism of microfinance in Bangladesh but also to find out that how microfinance helps to poor people to improve their living standard.
Hunt and Kasynathan (2002) describes that microfinance programs for women have positive impact on economic growth by improving women income generating activities. The data used was collected from three NGO?s in Bangladesh and one state from India. Most of women receiving credit have no control over their loans due to low access to markets. The author finds that the impact of Micro credit on female male education, marriage practice, mobility, violence against women and self respect. Moreover, microfinance which is designed for the poorest, actually not reached to the poorest people. So donors and NGO?s must concentrate on the access of credit to the poorest people.
Malhotra and et al, (2002) worked on conceptualization and operationalization of term empowerment rather than to review its indicators. They highlighted economic, social, familial/interpersonal, legal, political and psychological dimensions of empowerment. Empowering themselves is not only responsibility of individual women. Government and other
institutions should promote policies that ensure gender equity through political and legal reforms. Rangarajan (2006) in his topic „Microfinance and its future directions? in the introductory part of the book, outline the evolution of SHG through microfinance evolve through in three stages. First, to meet survival requirement need, in the second stage is to meet the subsistence level through investing in tradition activities and in the final stage by setting up of enterprises for sustainable income generation. Christen (2006) in his paper “Microfinance and Sustainable International Experience and lesson for Indore”, he articulates the changing general perception of bankers, that SHGs are profitable clients or bank. Mayoux?s study (1998) on Participatory Learning for Finance Programs proposes a participatory Women?s approach Empowerment for integrating in Micro
women?s
empowerment concerns into ongoing programs learning, which itself would be a contribution to empowerment. Micro finance programs for women are currently promoted not only as a strategy for poverty alleviation but also for women?s empowerment.
Buckley (1997) micro-enterprises in the informal sector in Kenya, Malawi Ghana. It seeks to provoke critical reflection on the uncritical enthusiasm that lies behind much Proselytizing of microfinance for informal sector microenterprise. It questions whether the extensive
donor interest in microenterprise finance really addresses the problems of micro entrepreneurs.
Srivastava and Singh (2010) in their article stated that the micro finance has contributed to its success is its Credit-plus approach – where the focus has not only been on providing adequate and timely credit to low income groups, but to integrate it with other developmental activities. He says it is important to understand that the concept of microfinance is not new. The precedence for microfinance lies in the numerous traditional and informal systems of credit. in his paper “microfinance and sustainable international experience
Robert peck christen 2006
and lesson for India” he articulate the changing general perception of bankers that SHGs are profitable clients are banks.
In the above context, various are the viewpoints given by researchers in the field of Microfinance. Here, in the present Study the focus is on villages of Indore, to know the awareness of microfinance among poor peoples and how the people of Indore get the benefit of Microfinance.
3. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY:
Indore?s rural poor are over whelming dependent on agriculture as their primary source of income. The majority is marginal or small farmers, and the poorest households are landless. The financial needs of Indore?s rural poor reflect the volatile, uncertain and irregular income streams and expenditure patterns of these households. Many Banks providing Micro financing aimed at empowering women so that they can be able to create their own business. Microfinance industry not only helps them pull themselves out of poverty, but it also promotes gender equity throughout out the world. Microfinance loans helps to create sustain impact by educating recipients on how to create their own business and how to properly manage and grow their money. Microfinance allows the poor to gate the loans they need to save invest and create a sustainable life style of financial Independence and growth these loans are used productively by the poor to create there owns business. This study is aimed to find-out how micro financing empowering women, the factors responsible for the growth and effectiveness of microfinance on village People .The study will also focus on the determinants of women empowerment too.
4. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:
The objectives of the study are as follows: 4.1 To measure effectiveness of microfinance on village People of Indore district. 4.2 To study how micro financing empowering women. 4.3 To explore various determinants of women empowerment.
5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
5.1 Type of the Study: It is an exploratory study based on primary data and secondary data both. 5.2 Universe of study: Women of villages under Indore District. Data Collection: Research is based on primary data. Secondary data is also used. Primary data has been collected by interacting with various people, through structured Questionnaire. The secondary data has been collected through various journals, magazines, website.etc.
Analysis of the Data: The analysis of data will be done on percentage basis. Graphic representation of the data will be done through Pie Charts, graphs.
Sample size: The sample size is of 100 People of village in Indore district.
Sample Method: Primary data will be collected from self empower women and self help groups
Selection of Study Area: The research will be conducted on People of village. The sample size used here is 100 people of villages in Indore district, who belongs to different Villages of Indore. The study will be conducted by considering 5 villages of Indore namely Rau, Chitawad, devguradiya, Mangalaya and Lasudiya mori etc. regarding Microfinance services used in villages of Indore.
Statistical tools used: Z- test, cross tabulation, Chi-square test and percentage analysis will be used to analyze and interpret the data.
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY The study will conduct in villages of Indore city those are located nearby. Sample size should not large than 100 sample size. The study will be focus on village women of rural areas. Data should be collected by primary data collection methods.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
RESEARCHES ? Rangarajan C. (2006) in his topic „Microfinance and its future directions?. ? Christen Robert Peck (2006) in his paper “Microfinance and Sustainable International Experience and lesson for Indore”, ? Banu, D., Farashuddin F, Hossian A. and Akter S. 1998. Empowerment of women: The impact of BRAC?s rural development programme. Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka. ? Batliwala, Srilatha. 1994. The Meaning of Women?s Empowerment: New Concepts from Action. In Gita Sen, Adrienne Germain, and Lincoln C. Chen. Population Policies Reconsidered: Health, Empowerment and Rights. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ? Mayoux?s Lanmdau study (1998) on Participatory Learning for Women?s Empowerment in Micro Finance Programs (IDS Bulletin, Vol. 29 No.4, 1998) ? Hashemi S. M., Schuler S. R., & Riley A. P. 1996. Rural credit programs and women's empowerment in Bangladesh. World Development, 24(4). ? Elahi K.Q. and Danopoulos C.P (2004). "Microfinance and third world development: A critical analysis." Journal of Political & Military Sociology 32(1): 61-77. ? Archana, S (2002) Types of SHGs and Their Work. Social Welfare Issue, February: 16. ? Jerinabi U. (2006) Micro Credit Management by Women?s Self Help Groups. Discovery Publishing House: New Delhi ? Kabeer N. 1998. Can't buy me love? Re-evaluating gender, credit and empowerment in rural Bangladesh. IDS Discussion Paper No. 363. Institute of Development Studies, Sussex. ? Kabeer N. 1999. Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections on the Measurement of Women?s Empowerment. Development and Change Vol.30, Institute of Social Studies, Oxford, UK.
? Edelsonbos J. and Van Burren A (2005) the Learning Evaluation: a Theoretical and Empirical Exploration. Evaluation review ? Fisher T and Shiram M.S (2002) Micro-Credit: Putting Development Back into MicroFinance. New Delhi, Vistaar Publications. ? Harper M. (2002) Grameen Bank Groups and Self-Help Groups; what are the
BOOKS ? Kumar Ranjit (2008), Research Methodology; A Step By Step Guide for Beginners, Pearson publication. ? Microfinance perspectives and operation (2003), Indian institute of banking and finance, Macmillan publication.
WEBSITES ? ? ? ? ? ?http://indiamicrofinance.com,
www.care.org www.empowerpoor.org
www.gdrc.org www.sa-dhan.org www.microfinancegateway.org
doc_378848259.docx
mba dessertation
A study on the effects of microfinance on Women Empowerment
A Synopsis Submitted to
DEVI AHILYA VISHWAVIDYALAYA, INDORE For the Partial Fulfillment of Award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration
Supervisor PRASHANT KUMAR SIDDHEY
Asstt. Professor, MBA Department
Submitted by ANKITA UPADHYAY
Student, MBA 3rd Semester
Shri VaishnavSM Institute of Technology & Science.
DECLARATION
I am ANKITA UPADHYAY student of Shri Vaishnav School of Business Management, Shri VaishnavSM Institute of Technology & Science (SVITS), Indore (M.P.). I have prepared synopsis for “Major Research Project” on the topic “A study on the effects of microfinance on
Women Empowerment”.
I hereby declare that the work is authentic.
ANKITA UPADHYAY MBA (Full Time) 3rd semester
CERTIFICATE
This is certified that Mr. ANKITA UPADHYAY is a student of MBA (Full Time) 3rd semester of Shri Vaishnav School of Business Management, Shri VaishnavSM Institute of Technology & Science (SVITS), Indore (M.P.). She has prepared her synopsis for Major Research Project on the topic “A study on the effects of microfinance on Women Empowerment”.
The synopsis was prepared under my supervision for the partial fulfillment of the award of degree of Master of Business Administration.
PRASHANT KUMAR SIDDHEY
Asstt. Professor, MBA Department
1. INTRODUCTION:
In spite of prevalence of the term empowerment, many people are confused as to what the empowerment of women implies in social, economic and political terms. Knowledge regarding the empowerment strategies such as integrated rural development, women development, community participation and awareness building is even less clear. The attention given to women?s empowerment is usually based on the premises that it is a role of microfinance status. Working women contribute to national income of the country and maintain a sustainable livelihood of the families and communities, throughout the world. As they face many sociocultural attitude, legal barriers, lack of education and personal difficulties. Traditionally, women have been marginalized. They are rarely financially independent and often they are more vulnerable members of society. About70% of world?s poor, are women. Yet they have no access to credit and other financial services. Therefore, microfinance often target women. Microfinance is a critical tool to empower women from poor household. So, particularly women can get benefit from microfinance institutions as many microfinance institutions target only women, to empower them.
1.1 Women Empowerment:
Empowerment of women means to let women survive and let them live a life with dignity, humanity, respect, self esteem and self reliance. Kabeer (1999) stresses that women?s empowerment is the process to acquire the ability from which those who have been denied the ability to make the strategic life choices. Her emphasis that ability to exercise choice incorporates three interrelated dimensions: Resources, Agency and Achievements. According to UNIFEM, “to generate choices, gaining the ability and exercise bargaining power”,“ developing a sense of self worth, to secure desired changes, belief in one?s ability and the right to control one?s life” are important elements of women empowerment. Women will be empowered when they will have full control over their own life.
1.2 Microfinance in Women Empowerment:
Microfinance is a type of banking service which provides access to financial and non financial services to low income or unemployed people. Microfinance is a power full tool to self empower the poor people especially women at world level and especially in developing countries. Microfinance activities can give them a means to climb out of poverty. From early 1970's women movement in number of countries increasing to alleviate poverty through microfinance programs. The problem of women less access to credit was given a particular concentration at First International Women Conference in Mexico in 1975. The evolution of microfinance is from Bangladesh since late 1970s and a very successful project. Microfinance services lead to women empowerment by positively influencing women?s decision making power at household level and their overall socioeconomic status. By the end of 2000, microfinance services had reached over 79 million of the poorest of the world. As such microfinance has the potential to make a significant contribution to gender equality and promote sustainable livelihood and better working condition for women. (ILO Geneva) It has been well documented that an increase in women resources or better approach for credit facilities results in increased well being of the family especially children.
Microfinance plays a great role in the lives of millions of poor people particularly women. Most areas of city, where microfinance loan is disbursed, dearth of women decision making at domestic level exist in both rural and urban areas of city. Microfinance as a whole is a new concept for improvement of women empowerment.
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
These literatures include books written on the subject by experts and also journals, manuals, etc. In fact, there are very few literatures entrepreneurial development of women. available, regarding socio-economic, political and
Asim (2008) evaluates the impact of micro credit program on indicators of women empowerment in urban slums of Lahore district, Pakistan. The author has chosen specialized institutions with women focusing models. So, the most appropriate institutions according to author are Kashaf foundation and Community Support Concern (CSC). Three potential sources of selection biases measured the impact of program. Firstly, program participants different from their control comparators. Second is that the treatment group might differ from control group in the distribution of unobserved characteristics. Third bias can rise if participants have positive externalities on those who have later joined program. The author construct preference based indicators including child related and health related decisions and economic decisions, social mobility decisions, resource allocated decisions and autonomy based indicators including household purchase and child related decisions. To explore the link between women empowerment and micro credit participants, the author used three different estimates; simple parametric framework of conditional mean independence, randomization of treatment and bivariate probit model. The results show that micro credit intervention has no impact on child related health, economic and social mobility decisions. On average, women in treatment group were no more independent or autonomous than the control group in small household purchases. Participation in micro credit program is found to be insignificant in explaining all the outcome indicators of empowerment for sampled household.
Chaudary and Nosheen (2009) women empowerment is one of important issue of present day development policies in developing countries. Since empowerment is multidimensional concept, it is determined by many socio economic factors and cultural norms. The author attempts to explore the determinants of women empowerment using regression analysis. The data were collected from district of southern Punjab, especially from rural urban and tribal areas. The status of women is much more vulnerable in rural and tribal areas and they have very limited access to
all basic facilities. The sample selected for survey by using stratified random sampling and all respondents belonging to the age group of 14-65 years. For women empowerment easurement four indices are developed in making a cumulative index. The results show that age, married women and women having Islamic view have statistically positive impact on women empowerment.
Rehman and Khan (2007) presents that microfinance is the provision of collateral free loans to poor people especially in rural areas that are repayable in frequent and easy installments. These are effective mechanisms for poverty reduction, to improve health, education, legal rights, sanitation and other living standards. Microfinance programs target women, most vulnerable part of society who lives within household with no assets. By providing them opportunity for self employment, these programs have significantly improved women security, autonomy, self confidence and status within the household which in turn improves women empowerment. This thesis based on client's perspective, special focus on Bangladesh. This research is based on positivists and interprets visits. The main goal is to find out not only the mechanism of microfinance in Bangladesh but also to find out that how microfinance helps to poor people to improve their living standard.
Hunt and Kasynathan (2002) describes that microfinance programs for women have positive impact on economic growth by improving women income generating activities. The data used was collected from three NGO?s in Bangladesh and one state from India. Most of women receiving credit have no control over their loans due to low access to markets. The author finds that the impact of Micro credit on female male education, marriage practice, mobility, violence against women and self respect. Moreover, microfinance which is designed for the poorest, actually not reached to the poorest people. So donors and NGO?s must concentrate on the access of credit to the poorest people.
Malhotra and et al, (2002) worked on conceptualization and operationalization of term empowerment rather than to review its indicators. They highlighted economic, social, familial/interpersonal, legal, political and psychological dimensions of empowerment. Empowering themselves is not only responsibility of individual women. Government and other
institutions should promote policies that ensure gender equity through political and legal reforms. Rangarajan (2006) in his topic „Microfinance and its future directions? in the introductory part of the book, outline the evolution of SHG through microfinance evolve through in three stages. First, to meet survival requirement need, in the second stage is to meet the subsistence level through investing in tradition activities and in the final stage by setting up of enterprises for sustainable income generation. Christen (2006) in his paper “Microfinance and Sustainable International Experience and lesson for Indore”, he articulates the changing general perception of bankers, that SHGs are profitable clients or bank. Mayoux?s study (1998) on Participatory Learning for Finance Programs proposes a participatory Women?s approach Empowerment for integrating in Micro
women?s
empowerment concerns into ongoing programs learning, which itself would be a contribution to empowerment. Micro finance programs for women are currently promoted not only as a strategy for poverty alleviation but also for women?s empowerment.
Buckley (1997) micro-enterprises in the informal sector in Kenya, Malawi Ghana. It seeks to provoke critical reflection on the uncritical enthusiasm that lies behind much Proselytizing of microfinance for informal sector microenterprise. It questions whether the extensive
donor interest in microenterprise finance really addresses the problems of micro entrepreneurs.
Srivastava and Singh (2010) in their article stated that the micro finance has contributed to its success is its Credit-plus approach – where the focus has not only been on providing adequate and timely credit to low income groups, but to integrate it with other developmental activities. He says it is important to understand that the concept of microfinance is not new. The precedence for microfinance lies in the numerous traditional and informal systems of credit. in his paper “microfinance and sustainable international experience
Robert peck christen 2006
and lesson for India” he articulate the changing general perception of bankers that SHGs are profitable clients are banks.
In the above context, various are the viewpoints given by researchers in the field of Microfinance. Here, in the present Study the focus is on villages of Indore, to know the awareness of microfinance among poor peoples and how the people of Indore get the benefit of Microfinance.
3. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY:
Indore?s rural poor are over whelming dependent on agriculture as their primary source of income. The majority is marginal or small farmers, and the poorest households are landless. The financial needs of Indore?s rural poor reflect the volatile, uncertain and irregular income streams and expenditure patterns of these households. Many Banks providing Micro financing aimed at empowering women so that they can be able to create their own business. Microfinance industry not only helps them pull themselves out of poverty, but it also promotes gender equity throughout out the world. Microfinance loans helps to create sustain impact by educating recipients on how to create their own business and how to properly manage and grow their money. Microfinance allows the poor to gate the loans they need to save invest and create a sustainable life style of financial Independence and growth these loans are used productively by the poor to create there owns business. This study is aimed to find-out how micro financing empowering women, the factors responsible for the growth and effectiveness of microfinance on village People .The study will also focus on the determinants of women empowerment too.
4. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:
The objectives of the study are as follows: 4.1 To measure effectiveness of microfinance on village People of Indore district. 4.2 To study how micro financing empowering women. 4.3 To explore various determinants of women empowerment.
5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
5.1 Type of the Study: It is an exploratory study based on primary data and secondary data both. 5.2 Universe of study: Women of villages under Indore District. Data Collection: Research is based on primary data. Secondary data is also used. Primary data has been collected by interacting with various people, through structured Questionnaire. The secondary data has been collected through various journals, magazines, website.etc.
Analysis of the Data: The analysis of data will be done on percentage basis. Graphic representation of the data will be done through Pie Charts, graphs.
Sample size: The sample size is of 100 People of village in Indore district.
Sample Method: Primary data will be collected from self empower women and self help groups
Selection of Study Area: The research will be conducted on People of village. The sample size used here is 100 people of villages in Indore district, who belongs to different Villages of Indore. The study will be conducted by considering 5 villages of Indore namely Rau, Chitawad, devguradiya, Mangalaya and Lasudiya mori etc. regarding Microfinance services used in villages of Indore.
Statistical tools used: Z- test, cross tabulation, Chi-square test and percentage analysis will be used to analyze and interpret the data.
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY The study will conduct in villages of Indore city those are located nearby. Sample size should not large than 100 sample size. The study will be focus on village women of rural areas. Data should be collected by primary data collection methods.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
RESEARCHES ? Rangarajan C. (2006) in his topic „Microfinance and its future directions?. ? Christen Robert Peck (2006) in his paper “Microfinance and Sustainable International Experience and lesson for Indore”, ? Banu, D., Farashuddin F, Hossian A. and Akter S. 1998. Empowerment of women: The impact of BRAC?s rural development programme. Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka. ? Batliwala, Srilatha. 1994. The Meaning of Women?s Empowerment: New Concepts from Action. In Gita Sen, Adrienne Germain, and Lincoln C. Chen. Population Policies Reconsidered: Health, Empowerment and Rights. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ? Mayoux?s Lanmdau study (1998) on Participatory Learning for Women?s Empowerment in Micro Finance Programs (IDS Bulletin, Vol. 29 No.4, 1998) ? Hashemi S. M., Schuler S. R., & Riley A. P. 1996. Rural credit programs and women's empowerment in Bangladesh. World Development, 24(4). ? Elahi K.Q. and Danopoulos C.P (2004). "Microfinance and third world development: A critical analysis." Journal of Political & Military Sociology 32(1): 61-77. ? Archana, S (2002) Types of SHGs and Their Work. Social Welfare Issue, February: 16. ? Jerinabi U. (2006) Micro Credit Management by Women?s Self Help Groups. Discovery Publishing House: New Delhi ? Kabeer N. 1998. Can't buy me love? Re-evaluating gender, credit and empowerment in rural Bangladesh. IDS Discussion Paper No. 363. Institute of Development Studies, Sussex. ? Kabeer N. 1999. Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections on the Measurement of Women?s Empowerment. Development and Change Vol.30, Institute of Social Studies, Oxford, UK.
? Edelsonbos J. and Van Burren A (2005) the Learning Evaluation: a Theoretical and Empirical Exploration. Evaluation review ? Fisher T and Shiram M.S (2002) Micro-Credit: Putting Development Back into MicroFinance. New Delhi, Vistaar Publications. ? Harper M. (2002) Grameen Bank Groups and Self-Help Groups; what are the
BOOKS ? Kumar Ranjit (2008), Research Methodology; A Step By Step Guide for Beginners, Pearson publication. ? Microfinance perspectives and operation (2003), Indian institute of banking and finance, Macmillan publication.
WEBSITES ? ? ? ? ? ?http://indiamicrofinance.com,
www.care.org www.empowerpoor.org
www.gdrc.org www.sa-dhan.org www.microfinancegateway.org
doc_378848259.docx