Description
The word brand is comprehensive, it encompasses other narrower terms. A brand is a name and a mark intended to identify the product of one seller or groups of sellers and differentiating the product from competing products.
BRANDING
The word brand is comprehensive, it encompasses other narrower terms. A brand is a name and a mark intended to identify the product of one seller or groups of sellers and differentiating the product from competing products. A brand name consists of words, letters and numbers that can be vocalized. And a brand mark is the part of brand that appears in the form of symbol, design or distinctive color. A brand mark is recognized by sight but cannot be expressed. When a person pronounces the brand name. Trademark is a brand that has been adopted by a seller and given legal protection. One method of classifying brand is on the basis of who owns them. Thus we have producer’s brands and middle men’s brand and later being owned by retailer or whole sellers. Reason for branding and non-branding: In the past, producers and intermediaries sold their goods out of barrels, cases without any superior identification. And buyers depend upon seller’s integrity. The earliest signs of branding were the “medieval guilds” efforts require crafts people to product themselves and consumer against inferior quality. But today branding is such a strong force that hardly anything goes unbranded. So called commodities do not have to remain commodities. e.g., salt is packaged in distinctive container, oranges are stamped with growers cane and fresh food products such as chicken, turkey are increasingly being sold under strongly advertised brand name. Branding Strategies: -
Both producer and middlemen faces strategic decisions regarding branding of their goods and services. (A). Producer’s Strategies: Producer’s most deciding whether to brand their products and whether to sell any or all of their output under middlemen’s brands. (1). marketing entire output under producer’s own brands: Companies that rely strictly on their own brands usually are very large, wellfinanced and well-managed. The examples are I.B.M that has broad product lines, well established distribution system and large shares of market. Branding of fabricating parts and materials Some producers use a strategy of branding fabricating parts and materials. With this strategy, the seller seeks to develop a market preference for its branded parts or materials. The strategy is most likely to be effective when particular type of fabricating parts or materials have two characteristics. (1) The product is also consumer good that is brought for replacement. (2) The item is a key part of finished products, a microprocessor within a personal computer, for example Intel developed the slogan,” Intel inside” to strengthen its product’s position. The campaign become so successful that some computer makers, including IBM feared that brand of personal computer would become less important than the brand of microprocessor contained in machine.
(3) Marketing under middlemen’s brand: A wide spread strategy among manufacture is to sell part or all of their output to middlemen for branding by these customers. Firms such as Borolen and Keebler have their own well-known brands and they also produce goods for branding by middlemen. This approach allows a manufacturer to “hedge its bets” A company employing this strategy hopes that its own brands will appeal to some loyal customers; where as middlemen’s brands are of interest to other. One drawback of that strategy is that the manufacturer may lose some customers for its own brands. (B). Middlemen’s Strategies: There are also some middlemen strategies. Carry only producer’s brands Most retailers and whole sellers follow this policy, because they do not resources to promote a brand and maintain its quality. Carry both producers and middlemen’s brand Many large retailers and some large wholesaler stock popular producers brands and also have their own labels. Middlemen may own brands, in place of or in addition to producer’s brands, because it increases their control over their target markets. Further more, middlemen usually can sell their brands at prices be low those of producer’s brands and still earn higher gross margins. Carry Generic products: Generic products are simply labeled according to the contents such as peanut butter,
cottage cheese. Strategies common to producers & middlemen: Producers and middlemen alike must choose strategies with respect to branding their product mixes, branding for market with other companies. Branding within a product mix: At least three different strategies are used by firms that sell more than one product A separate name for each product: This strategy is employed by Lever Brothers and proctors and Gamble. The company name combined with a product name. Examples include Johnson’s Pledge and Johsons Glo-coat. The company name alone: Today few companies rely exclusively on this policy. Branding for market saturation With frequency, firms are employing a multi brand strategy to increase their total sales in a market. They have more than one brand of essentially some product. Co branding: Most often, two companies or two divisions within the same company agree to place both of their respective brands on a particular product or enterprise. The agreement termed as co branding or dual branding. Co branding has potential benefits and drawbacks. Co-branding can be provide added revenues for one or both of the participating firms, such as fee paid to Sunkist Growers by Generals Mills in order to use Sunkist name as packages of Betty Crocker lemon bar mix.
The biggest potential drawbacks to co-branding are possible over-exposure of a brand of name.
doc_661014193.doc
The word brand is comprehensive, it encompasses other narrower terms. A brand is a name and a mark intended to identify the product of one seller or groups of sellers and differentiating the product from competing products.
BRANDING
The word brand is comprehensive, it encompasses other narrower terms. A brand is a name and a mark intended to identify the product of one seller or groups of sellers and differentiating the product from competing products. A brand name consists of words, letters and numbers that can be vocalized. And a brand mark is the part of brand that appears in the form of symbol, design or distinctive color. A brand mark is recognized by sight but cannot be expressed. When a person pronounces the brand name. Trademark is a brand that has been adopted by a seller and given legal protection. One method of classifying brand is on the basis of who owns them. Thus we have producer’s brands and middle men’s brand and later being owned by retailer or whole sellers. Reason for branding and non-branding: In the past, producers and intermediaries sold their goods out of barrels, cases without any superior identification. And buyers depend upon seller’s integrity. The earliest signs of branding were the “medieval guilds” efforts require crafts people to product themselves and consumer against inferior quality. But today branding is such a strong force that hardly anything goes unbranded. So called commodities do not have to remain commodities. e.g., salt is packaged in distinctive container, oranges are stamped with growers cane and fresh food products such as chicken, turkey are increasingly being sold under strongly advertised brand name. Branding Strategies: -
Both producer and middlemen faces strategic decisions regarding branding of their goods and services. (A). Producer’s Strategies: Producer’s most deciding whether to brand their products and whether to sell any or all of their output under middlemen’s brands. (1). marketing entire output under producer’s own brands: Companies that rely strictly on their own brands usually are very large, wellfinanced and well-managed. The examples are I.B.M that has broad product lines, well established distribution system and large shares of market. Branding of fabricating parts and materials Some producers use a strategy of branding fabricating parts and materials. With this strategy, the seller seeks to develop a market preference for its branded parts or materials. The strategy is most likely to be effective when particular type of fabricating parts or materials have two characteristics. (1) The product is also consumer good that is brought for replacement. (2) The item is a key part of finished products, a microprocessor within a personal computer, for example Intel developed the slogan,” Intel inside” to strengthen its product’s position. The campaign become so successful that some computer makers, including IBM feared that brand of personal computer would become less important than the brand of microprocessor contained in machine.
(3) Marketing under middlemen’s brand: A wide spread strategy among manufacture is to sell part or all of their output to middlemen for branding by these customers. Firms such as Borolen and Keebler have their own well-known brands and they also produce goods for branding by middlemen. This approach allows a manufacturer to “hedge its bets” A company employing this strategy hopes that its own brands will appeal to some loyal customers; where as middlemen’s brands are of interest to other. One drawback of that strategy is that the manufacturer may lose some customers for its own brands. (B). Middlemen’s Strategies: There are also some middlemen strategies. Carry only producer’s brands Most retailers and whole sellers follow this policy, because they do not resources to promote a brand and maintain its quality. Carry both producers and middlemen’s brand Many large retailers and some large wholesaler stock popular producers brands and also have their own labels. Middlemen may own brands, in place of or in addition to producer’s brands, because it increases their control over their target markets. Further more, middlemen usually can sell their brands at prices be low those of producer’s brands and still earn higher gross margins. Carry Generic products: Generic products are simply labeled according to the contents such as peanut butter,
cottage cheese. Strategies common to producers & middlemen: Producers and middlemen alike must choose strategies with respect to branding their product mixes, branding for market with other companies. Branding within a product mix: At least three different strategies are used by firms that sell more than one product A separate name for each product: This strategy is employed by Lever Brothers and proctors and Gamble. The company name combined with a product name. Examples include Johnson’s Pledge and Johsons Glo-coat. The company name alone: Today few companies rely exclusively on this policy. Branding for market saturation With frequency, firms are employing a multi brand strategy to increase their total sales in a market. They have more than one brand of essentially some product. Co branding: Most often, two companies or two divisions within the same company agree to place both of their respective brands on a particular product or enterprise. The agreement termed as co branding or dual branding. Co branding has potential benefits and drawbacks. Co-branding can be provide added revenues for one or both of the participating firms, such as fee paid to Sunkist Growers by Generals Mills in order to use Sunkist name as packages of Betty Crocker lemon bar mix.
The biggest potential drawbacks to co-branding are possible over-exposure of a brand of name.
doc_661014193.doc