Description
There are two ways in which the required information may be obtained Census method and sampling method. The PPT explains that in detail.
Presented by
rachi garg Mba 1st semester
Presented to:Mr. jasveer s. sura
Population — the whole
a collection of persons, objects, or items under study The entire group of individuals in a statistical study we want information about.
Census — gathering data from the entire population Sample — a portion of the whole
a subset of the population a part of the population from which we actually collect information, used to draw conclusions about the whole (statistical inference)
? The
need for adequate and reliable data is ever increasing for taking wise decisions in different fields of human activity and business. There are two ways in which the required information may be obtained: ? 1.Census method. ? 2 sampling method
The process of selecting a sample from a population is known as sampling. In sampling, a representative sample or portion of element of a population is selected and then analyzed. Based on sample result, statistical inference are made about population characteristics. The basic object of its study is to draw inference about the population.
?
? ?
?
?
Lesser time Lesser cost More reliable results The destructive nature of certain tests Help to know the characteristics of the population.
? Require
the services of experts. ? It may be complicated that it require more time,labour and money than a complete count. ? Sample survey must be carefully planned and executed. ? It is insufficient if the information is required for each and every unit in the domain of study.
1.Principle of statistical regularity (1) sample size should be large (2) sample must be drawn randomely 2. Principle of inertia of large number
?
? ?
Increase the sample size. Interviewer are given proper training. The questionnaire is administered carefully.
Probability sampling.
1. Restricted 2. unrestricted
Non probability sampling.
1. Judgment sampling. 2. Quota sampling 3. Convenience sampling
In it , each n every item of universe have equally likely chances 2 be included in sampling. Its of two types:A. Restricted :-its further of 3 types: 1) Stratified. 2) Systematic. 3) Cluster.
A.
B.
C.
Stratified:-Here the investigator puts sum restrictions b4 drawing sample by dividing the whole population in sub units which r known as strata . For e.g .male,female. Systematic :-Here the investigator firstly select a unit at random n than units at equal space are included in sample. Here K=N\n ,whr, N=total population. As 7,14,21,28. Cluster:-the random selection is made of primarily,intermediate,final units frm a given population or strata. Here can b many stages in which sampling is carried out.
?
In it v can select any unit in order to create the sample. No restrictions are imposed by the investigator. He can select whatever unit or item he wants 2 select.
Several non random or non probability methods 4 selecting samples from a population are as follows:A. Judgment method. B. Quota method. C. Convenience method.
Judgment method:-In it, the choice of
sample items depends exclusively on the judgment of investigator. In other words, the investigator exercise its own judgment in d choice n include those items which he thinks d typical ones of universe with regards 2 the characteristics under investigation. Quota method:-it’s the method when investigator fixes quota for collecting samples according 2 sum specified features as so many of this income level, so many of this status etc.
?
Convenience method:-in this procedure ,units to be included in sample r selected at the convenience of investigator rather than by any prespecified or known probability of being selected. These r easy 4 collecting data on a particular issues. Its also called chunk method.
?
? ?
?
The error arising due to drawing inferences about the population on the basis of few observations(sample) is termed as sampling error. It may arise due to:Faulty process of selection. Faulty work during the collection of information. Faulty method of analysis.
? Non-sampling
errors can occur at every stage of planning and execution of the census. such error can arise due to a number of cause of causes such as defective method of data collection and tabulation, faulty definition, incomplete coverage of the population or sample. It may also arise due to following factor:? Omission or duplication of units. ? Lack of trained and experienced investigator ? Inaccurate or inappropriate method of interview, observation. ? Inadequate scrutiny of the basic data.
doc_996595478.ppt
There are two ways in which the required information may be obtained Census method and sampling method. The PPT explains that in detail.
Presented by
rachi garg Mba 1st semesterPresented to:Mr. jasveer s. sura
Population — the whole
a collection of persons, objects, or items under study The entire group of individuals in a statistical study we want information about.
Census — gathering data from the entire population Sample — a portion of the whole
a subset of the population a part of the population from which we actually collect information, used to draw conclusions about the whole (statistical inference)
? The
need for adequate and reliable data is ever increasing for taking wise decisions in different fields of human activity and business. There are two ways in which the required information may be obtained: ? 1.Census method. ? 2 sampling method
The process of selecting a sample from a population is known as sampling. In sampling, a representative sample or portion of element of a population is selected and then analyzed. Based on sample result, statistical inference are made about population characteristics. The basic object of its study is to draw inference about the population.
?
? ?
?
?
Lesser time Lesser cost More reliable results The destructive nature of certain tests Help to know the characteristics of the population.
? Require
the services of experts. ? It may be complicated that it require more time,labour and money than a complete count. ? Sample survey must be carefully planned and executed. ? It is insufficient if the information is required for each and every unit in the domain of study.
1.Principle of statistical regularity (1) sample size should be large (2) sample must be drawn randomely 2. Principle of inertia of large number
?
? ?
Increase the sample size. Interviewer are given proper training. The questionnaire is administered carefully.
Probability sampling.
1. Restricted 2. unrestricted
Non probability sampling.
1. Judgment sampling. 2. Quota sampling 3. Convenience sampling
In it , each n every item of universe have equally likely chances 2 be included in sampling. Its of two types:A. Restricted :-its further of 3 types: 1) Stratified. 2) Systematic. 3) Cluster.
A.
B.
C.
Stratified:-Here the investigator puts sum restrictions b4 drawing sample by dividing the whole population in sub units which r known as strata . For e.g .male,female. Systematic :-Here the investigator firstly select a unit at random n than units at equal space are included in sample. Here K=N\n ,whr, N=total population. As 7,14,21,28. Cluster:-the random selection is made of primarily,intermediate,final units frm a given population or strata. Here can b many stages in which sampling is carried out.
?
In it v can select any unit in order to create the sample. No restrictions are imposed by the investigator. He can select whatever unit or item he wants 2 select.
Several non random or non probability methods 4 selecting samples from a population are as follows:A. Judgment method. B. Quota method. C. Convenience method.
Judgment method:-In it, the choice of
sample items depends exclusively on the judgment of investigator. In other words, the investigator exercise its own judgment in d choice n include those items which he thinks d typical ones of universe with regards 2 the characteristics under investigation. Quota method:-it’s the method when investigator fixes quota for collecting samples according 2 sum specified features as so many of this income level, so many of this status etc.
?
Convenience method:-in this procedure ,units to be included in sample r selected at the convenience of investigator rather than by any prespecified or known probability of being selected. These r easy 4 collecting data on a particular issues. Its also called chunk method.
?
? ?
?
The error arising due to drawing inferences about the population on the basis of few observations(sample) is termed as sampling error. It may arise due to:Faulty process of selection. Faulty work during the collection of information. Faulty method of analysis.
? Non-sampling
errors can occur at every stage of planning and execution of the census. such error can arise due to a number of cause of causes such as defective method of data collection and tabulation, faulty definition, incomplete coverage of the population or sample. It may also arise due to following factor:? Omission or duplication of units. ? Lack of trained and experienced investigator ? Inaccurate or inappropriate method of interview, observation. ? Inadequate scrutiny of the basic data.
doc_996595478.ppt