Project Reports on Feasibility on Blood bank

Description
A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation or collection, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusion.

INTRODUCTION
? ? ? What blood bank is History at a glance Reasons for selecting the project/scope

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WHAT IS BLOOD BANK?
A blood bank is a cache of blood or blood components, brought about because of blood donation. They are stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusions.

According to section 122 EA of Indian Pharmacopoeia „Blood Bank? means a place or organization or unit or institution or other arrangements made by such organization, unit or institution for carrying out all or any of the operations for collection, aphaeresis, storage, processing and distribution of blood drawn from donors and/or for preparation, storage and distribution of blood components. „Blood Component? means a drug prepared, obtained, derived or separated from a unit of blood drawn from a donor. „Blood product? means a drug manufactured or obtained from pooled plasma or blood by fractionation, drawn from donors.

According to section 27-E of licensing authority Of India „Blood Bank? means a place or organizational unit or an institution, or other arrangement made by such organizational unit or institution for carrying out all or any of the operations of manufacture of human blood components or blood products or whole human blood for its collection, storage, processing, and distribution from selected human donors.

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HISTORY OF BLOOD BANK

It was in 1915 an institution was started by Richard Lewison of Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, initiating the use of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. This actually led to the development and establishment of blood banks. This discovery transformed the blood transfusion procedure from direct (vein-to-vein) to indirect. In the same year, Richard Weil demonstrated the feasibility of refrigerated storage of anticoagulated blood. The introduction of a citrate-glucose solution by Francis Peyton Rous and JR Turner two years later permitted storage of blood in containers for several days. This path breaking actually led to the opening of the first "blood depot" established in Britain during the World War I. Oswald Hope Robertson, a medical researcher and U.S. Army officer during that time who established the depots, is now recognized as the creator of the first blood bank. By the mid-1930s, the former Soviet Union had set up least 60 large blood centres and more than 500 subsidiaries. They stored "canned" blood and shipped it to all corners of the country. America came to know about this Soviet experience where in 1937 one Bernard Fantus, director of therapeutics at the Cook County Hospital in Chicago, inspired by the Soviets established the first hospital blood bank. The establishment of a hospital laboratory that preserved and stored blood led Fantus to originate the term "blood bank”. Within a few years, hospital and blood banks were established across America. An important breakthrough came in 1939-40 when Karl Landsteiner, Alex Wiener, Philip Levine, and R.E. Stetson discovered the Rh blood group system. It was found to be the cause of the majority of transfusion reactions up to that time. In 1942-43, J.F. Loutit and Patrick L. Mollison introduced acid citrate dextrose (ACD) solution, which reduces the volume of anticoagulant. This permitted greater volumes of transfusions and created longer storage life. It was Carl Walter and W.P. Murphy, Jr., who introduced the plastic bag for blood collection in 1950. It replaced breakable glass bottles allowing for the evolution of a collection system capable of safe and easy preparation of multiple blood components. Introduce in 1979, it was meant to extend the shelf life of stored blood. It was an anticoagulant preservative, CPDA-1. It increased the blood supply and facilitated resource sharing among blood banks. Freezing of Red Blood

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Cells is done by combining them with a solution of glycerol to prevent ice crystal formation. In addition, as such frozen Red Blood Cells have a stated shelf life of ten years. The down side of frozen blood cells is that the process is expensive and timeconsuming. Very few blood banks maintain such stocks.

In the course of 75 years, blood bank has developed from a bench in a corner of clinical pathology into a speciality of transfusion medicine. Beautiful, well designed buildings with glow sign and sophisticated plant, equipment, instruments, furniture and fixtures manned by trained doctors, technologists, nurses, supported by modern computer and information technology can not ensure the desired service in time of need of any ailing or dying patient unless blood is readily available.

Replacement of ancient glass, bottles by modern poly-bags, introduction of gamma ray sterilised disposable transfusion sets extended shelf life of blood; use of blood components and plasma products, technology of pheresis and modern laboratory technologies have changed the quality of blood banking and blood transfusion services. However, one thing that has not changed since the dawn of first blood transfusion of modern era is the need of human volunteers to donate blood.

Modern medical science is very much dependent on blood transfusion service. Without blood, there can be no blood transfusion service. Without human blood donors, there can be no blood for transfusions. Without a regular flow of real voluntary blood donor who has no axe to grind, to keep blood bank shelves full, delivery of good quality blood in right quantity at right time can never be ensured.

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REASONS FOR SELECTING THE PROJECT/SCOPE:

Main reasons, led us to select this project, are as follows:

Small scale blood banks in terms of operation, poor infrastructure, economically unstable and lack of hygiene in Ahmedabad. Actual shortage of blood and dependence on replacement donors. No awareness and use of blood components. Lack of specialised and modern blood banks. No concept of Societal Marketing. Mistrust and corruption related image. Lack of Management systems and expertise. Quality of testing questionable.

Based on the above gaps, the objective of REVIVAL Blood Centre is set with the mission to set up a blood bank for the city of Ahmedabad & its vicinity, which will meet the requirement of safe blood components of assured quality, at all the times, to every needy patient.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING
?

PEST analysis P - Political E - Economical S - Social T - Technical SWOT analysis S - Strength W - Weakness O - Opportunity T - Threats

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PEST Analysis

A scan of external environment in which the firm operates can be expressed in terms of the following factors:

Political Economical Social Technological The acronym PEST (or sometimes arranged as „step?) is used to describe a framework for the analysis of these macro environmental factors.

Political Environment:
General political atmosphere, particularly political stability is very important for the successful and smooth operation of the business. It covers those factors which restrain or facilitate the business through the government action. It may include political atmosphere, political parties, government administration, political stability etc.

Our trust will also be influenced by the political changes. A change in the administration at the centre may also lead to changes in the liberalisation policy for blood banks such as subsidies in terms of money or in kind. It may cause to change our policy also. Even personal thinking of a particular political regional leader may affect adversely or favourably to our organisation.

Economic Environment:
Economic environment may not significantly affect our organisation because ours is more of social kind of organisation. Though the rise in the prices of operating equipments may cause increase in operating and processing cost.

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Social Environment:
Social factors include demographic and cultural aspects of the external macro environment. These factors affect the customers? needs and the size of the potential market. We have also taken into consideration factors like population growth, age distribution and change in awareness.

Technological Environment:
One of the most important aspects of shaping people?s lives is technology. The organisation which moves with latest technology can excel their growth. Every new technology is a force for „creative destruction?. Moreover the innovating process always leads to an increase in the investment. Technological inventions are introduced for higher productivity, lower cost, and more revenue. Technology refers to sum total of the knowledge providing ways to do things. Organisation must give constant consideration to the manner in which innovation may affect their product and internal operating efficiency.

In blood bank organisation technological inventions of newer machineries are of quite importance. Technology has evolved this industry. Machineries like blood collection monitor, blood bank scale, different types of refrigerators and freezers, electronic donor couch have enhanced the effectiveness and efficiency of blood banks and these machineries have also increased comfort level for blood donors. So more and more people resort to latest technology driven blood banks.

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SWOT Analysis

? Strength:

-

People would like to donate blood because of the following reasons.

Altruism Service to the community Sense of social duty Gaining experience Personal Obligation Personal Appeal Social Pressure Group Pressure For helping friends or relatives. For blood donor credit card For recognition and awards Checking up health Reciprocity to pay back the social debt For knowing your blood group. Seeing others donating blood Celebrities appealing to donate blood

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? Weakness: All over the world blood, donors belong to a minority community. India is no exception. People generally avoid donating the blood because of following reasons.

There are several myths, misconceptions, and fear complex around blood donation. People are generally not self-motivated to donate blood. Objection from the elders. Ignorance and illiteracy. Blood is sold at a high premium Someone else will donate all the blood that is needed. It hurts. I do not have time. Blood banks ask embarrassing questions. I might get infected from donating. I take medication, so I cannot donate. I am too old. I am too young. It will make me weak

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? Opportunities:
Following are the opportunities available to the blood bank to grow up and to expand its scope.

Demand and supply gap. People are becoming more conscious for social welfare. Large amount of people ageing18 to 60. who are eligible for donating the Blood (source UNO)

? Threats:
Following are the threats that can hinder the progress of blood bank. Many scientists are working in direction of artificial blood. If this miracle happens in near future, it can flat off the need of blood bank. Growing number of people having sexual disease, addiction of drugs, alcohol, and smoking.

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PROJECT AT A GLANCE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Name Nature of the Industry Location Constitution Date of incorporation

The Revival blood bank Health and medical Shah-i-baug Trust 1st April 2008

Blood bank as a service

Collection

of

blood,

process

of

componentisation, providing whole blood as well as components. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Total cost of Project Means of finance Break Even Point Installed capacity Pay back period Net Profit ratio(5th year) Cash Profit ratio(5th year) Current ratio(5th year) Return on capital employed Interest coverage ratio Debt service coverage ratio Loans and promoters? contribution

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Evaluation of Alternatives
Direct Alternatives Direct alternatives to our blood bank would be the other blood banks in the city like – Prathma, which is well known for its componentisation process, Indian Red Cross that has very wide network across the globe. And other small-scale blood banks, which operate at, lower capacity.

Indirect Alternatives

We do not have indirect alternatives because no other drug can replace blood.

Feasibility Study

A good feasibility study is more than just a set of financial projections. Done properly, it becomes the market-driven strategic plan that is the road map for all subsequent decisions. A good study addresses the question of what is most feasible and what should be to assure maximum success.

Steps of Feasibility Study:

1. Market Survey: It helped us to have the survey of consumers; the most important survey gave us an idea of the preference of the consumers and the nature of demand.

2. Professors: All the faculty members helped us at every junction of this journey.

3. Organisations:

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By visiting blood banks like Prathma, Indian Red Cross etc. we got first hand information regarding all aspects of the organisation right from collection of blood to providing the blood. 4. Banks: Information regarding loans was sourced from consulting various banks. The Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) The State Bank of India (SBI) The Ahmedabad Mercantile Co-operative Bank Ltd.

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NAME: Revival Blood Bank

LOGO:

TAGLINE: One world...one colour …many lives… Why the Name „Revival Blood Bank??

„Revival? literally means „to give the life back?. The meaning itself indicates why we have chosen this name. By running a blood bank our main motto is to provide quality blood as well as blood components that can bring back the life of patients. One can be a lifesaver without knowing swimming. Our sincere efforts can help survive those people who are suffering from lethal diseases like blood cancer, haemorrhage, anaemia, and leucocytopenia.

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MARKETING FEASIBILITY
? ? ?
?

7 Ps of Marketing Market Research Problem Statement Findings and Conclusion

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MARKETING FEASIBILITY

According to Leslie Rodger “marketing is the primary management function which organizes and directs the aggregate of business activities involved in converting customer?s purchasing power into effective demand for a specific product or service and in moving the product and services to the final customer or user. So as to achieve the company – set other objectives. Marketing as a concept has changed through 20th century. The whole idea of marketing has changed now; it is believed that “the best way to get and keep customer is to constantly figure out how to give them more for less.” Now-a-days blood is becoming most useful life saving drug because of awareness of people about blood donation. We can save more and more people by providing safe blood through encouraging more and more people for blood donation and removing their wrong beliefs about it. As a result of this, the demand of blood bank has been pushed up.

Our marketing feasibility report deals with the service.

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7 P?s OF MARKETING

Awareness regarding blood and blood components has made each blood bank to develop a marketing strategy that differentiates it from its competitors simultaneously considering the corporate goals. This marketing strategy includes different elements. The marketing mix is a set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market.

Service marketing mix consists of following 7Ps of marketing.

Product Price Place Promotion People Physical evidence Process

The so-called marketing mix is a framework that acts as a guideline for marketers to implement a marketing concept. It consists of a set of major decision areas that a company needs to manage in order to satisfy consumer?s needs.

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PRODUCT

PROCESS

PRICE

PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

THE MARKETING MIX
PLACE

PEOPLE

PROMOTION

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1. Product:
Product means a good commodity, which carries a satisfaction with itself that a consumer is willing to accept.

A good service offers a bundle of tangible and intangible attributes to satisfy consumers however in service there is no or only a little tangible element because of which they are Considered as benefits, which are offered to the target market.

Here we classify our product as blood bank service. ? Product levels There are five different product levels, each of which represents a customer?s value hierarchy. These product levels can be understood as follows:

Core benefit: Core benefit is a fundamental service or benefits that a costumer is really buying. The core benefit of the blood bank is to provide a life saving drug (blood).

Basic product: Basic product is one of the alternatives to satisfy the core needs. It includes the basic as well as functional attributes of a service. The basic product of the blood bank is to provide blood . Expected product: Expected product is a set of attributes and conditions that buyers normally expect when they purchase a product. Here the patient normally expects from blood bank to provide a safe and quality blood and the blood components.

Augmented product: Augmented product consists of those services that meet the customer?s desires beyond expectations. In order to attract more and more donors’ blood bank can provide a quality certificate.

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Potential product: Potential product is the maximum possible level up to which a marketer can provide in a future. Producers at this stage invest extensively in research work and find niches to satisfy the customer?s hidden desires. The potential product for a blood bank refers to provide capsules or pills in place of blood components. ? Product classification:

Product can be classified into three categories according to their durability and tangibility.

Durables Non durables Services

A blood bank is a service consisting of the tangible evidence like blood bank building.

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2. Price:
The second P of marketing mix is price. Price means amount of money charged for a product or services or the sum of values that consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or services. Price has operated as major influencing factor of the buyer?s choice even. This behaviour prevails in not only underdeveloped or developing countries but also in developed countries.

Pricing is a complex problem and no readymade formula to be suggested so the firm has to consider five major factors in setting its pricing policy.

Selecting the pricing objectives Determining the demand Estimating cost Competitor?s cost Selecting the pricing methods

In case of service, prices can vary according to the service levels. As far as REVIVAL blood bank is concern we are following „going rate pricing method? because we have set our price by taking into consideration our competitors? price and at the introduction stage this method can prove to be very powerful as we are the new entrance in the market and the survival is more important.

REVIVAL Charges Rs.

Rs. 600 Rs. For red cells Rs. 400 Rs. For platelets Rs. 550 Rs. For plasma

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3. Place
Place means the company activities that make the different products or services available to the target customers.

In short, we can say that place is not where your business is located but where your customers are. Thus, the seller needs to select appropriate place in such a way that the place fulfils the criteria of easy access for the perspective and present customers.

REVIVAL is located at:

18,Girdharnagar society Shah-I-baug, Ahmedabad-380004.

We have selected this site because of following reasons: This place is nearer to Asia?s largest hospital i.e. civil hospital and another well Known hospitals i.e. Rajasthan hospital. It is a big and well-occupied residential area. From this location there is no blood bank until 5 to 6 kilometres. ? Distribution Channel:

It refers to how an organization will distribute the product or service offering to the end users. Efficient and effective distribution is important if the organization wants to meet its marketing objectives. As the main motive of the blood bank is “to save life”, the blood bank must distribute the product to the user at right place at the right time.

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There are two types of distribution channel.

Direct distribution

Blood bank

Customers (those patients who needs blood And its components)

Indirect distribution:

Manufacturing unit [blood bank]

Agent [hospitals]

Customers [those patients who need blood]

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4. People
It is rightly said, “Employees represent the organization to the customers, and a service company can be only as good as its people”.

People are important in service marketing because;

People deliver the services i.e. employees People get the satisfaction i.e. customers Service becomes successful by the people. Company earns goodwill and image. Employees represent the organizations to the customers in service Marketing.

If these employees are not given training, how to go about face to face customers contact, the entire marketing effort may prove futile. ? Factor Motivating Employees

Ambience of the place Pay package Non cash benefit Allowances Leaves Work culture Position Company policies

A blood bank provides service and employees provide it so it is difficult to separate the employees and organisation.

Investing in recruitment and training of the employees means investing in service quality. So in order to constantly improve the quality and image of blood bank,

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„REVIVAL? follows the following policies for the welfare of its employees.

Awards and Rewards: e.g., employee of the month: so every month an employee who has collected maximum number of blood units gets the cash vouchers Picnic: On Dial and during summer holidays we all do enjoy picnic. Wishes and gifts on special occasions: On occasions like birthdays or marriages, we wish our colleague and celebrate each special occasion with exuberance. Bonus and Allowances

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5. Physical Evidence
Physical evidence means the environment that is delivered and any tangible goods that facilitate the performance and communication of the service.

Based on the perceptions on tangible clues the customer makes the purchase decision. Hence physical evidence like I-card, counselling book, furniture etc. are equally important for a blood bank as it is a service provider.

Diaries, calendars, note pads, stationary etc are the peripheral evidences in case of a blood bank where as a blood bank building, garden etc. are the evidences.

The three main influential factors of the physical environment are ambience, design and the behaviour. Physical environment

Ambience Light Colours Air Fragrance Background

Design Colour of wall Shape Furniture Floor

Behaviour Manner Fluency Problemsolving skill

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6. Process
Process means the procedures, mechanism, and flow of activities by which a service is acquired. Process decisions radically affect how a service is delivered to customers. In order to provide the best services to its donors and patients, „REVIVAL? has broken its services up in several logical steps, and standardized them through constant and updated training programme provided to its employees.

The following points are taken into consideration while designing the process flow chart.

Professional approach to the day-to-day administrations and operations. Following well defined code of conduct by all employees. Ensuring security and safety of employees as well as donors. Maintaining hygienic and clean conditions. Implementing international standard for quality management. Technology up gradation

Relevance of process management:

To avoid error To increase the quality of service To increase the standardization

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PROCESS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY BLOOD DONORS
Flow chart of Donor

Intending donor

Reception

Filing in Registration card

Reception

Registration

Haemoglobin Estimation

Medical Check up

Medical Questionnaire

Blood Donation & rest in Bed

Refreshment & rest

Recognition of donor by badge &

Hearty send off

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PROCESS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY BLOOD BANK :

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Criteria for Blood Donation
Conditions for donation of blood: ? General -No person shall donate blood and no blood bank shall draw blood from a person, more than once in three months. The donor shall be in good health, mentally alert and physically fit and shall not be inmates of jail, persons having multiple sex partners and drug-addicts. The donors shall fulfil the following requirements, namely:-

The donor shall be in the age group of 18 to 60 years. The donor shall not be less than 45 kilograms; Temperature and Pulse of the donor shall be normal; The systolic and diastolic blood pressures are within normal limits without medication; Haemoglobin which shall not be less than 12.5 grams; The donor shall be free from acute respiratory diseases; The donor shall be free from any skin diseases at the site of phlebotomy; The donor shall be free from any disease transmissible by blood transfusion, insofar as can be determined by history and examination indicated above; The arms and forearms of the donor shall be free from skin punctures or scars indicative of professional blood donors or addiction of self injected narcotics ? Additional qualifications of a donor-No person shall donate blood, and no blood bank shall draw blood from a donor, in the conditions mentioned in column (1) of the Table given below before the expiry of the period of deferment mentioned in the column (2) of the said Table.

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Table: Deferment of blood donation

CONDITIONS Abortions History of Blood transfusion Surgery Typhoid History of Malaria and Duly treated Tattoo Breast feeding

PERIOD OF DEFERMENT 6 months 6 months 12 months 12 months after recovery 3 months (endemic) 3 years (non endemic area) 6 months

Immunization (Cholera, Typhoid, Diphtheria, 12 months after delivery Tetanus, Plague, Gamma globulin) Rabies vaccination History of Hepatitis in Family or close 1 year after vaccination contact Immunoglobulin 12 months 12 months.

No person shall donate blood and no brood bank shall draw blood from a person, suffering from any of the diseases mentioned below, namely.-

Cancer Heart disease Abnormal bleeding tendencies Unexplained weight loss Diabetes-controlled on Insulin Hepatitis infection Signs and symptoms, suggestive of AIDS Liver disease Polycythemia Vera Asthma Schizopod Endocrine disorders

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Testing of Whole Blood:

It shall be responsibility of the licensee to ensure that the whole blood collected, processed and supplied conforms to the standards laid down in the Indian Pharmacopoeia and other tests published, if any, by the Government.

Freedom from HIV antibodies (AIDS) Tests -Every licensee shall get samples of every blood unit tested, before use, for freedom from HIV I and HIV II antibodies either from laboratories specified for the purpose by the Central Government or in his own laboratory. The results of such testing shall be recorded on the label of the container.

Each blood unit shall also be tested for freedom from Hepatitis B surface antigen, and Hepatitis C Virus antibody VDRL and malarial parasite and results of such testing shall be recorded on the label of the container.

NOTE: Blood samples of donors in pilot tube and the blood samples of the recipient shall be preserved for 7 days after issue. The blood intended for transfusion shall not be frozen at any stage. Blood containers shall not come directly in contact with ice at any stage.

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Records:

The records which the licensee is required to maintain shall include inter alias the following particulars, namely:-

Blood donor record: It shall indicate serial number, date of bleeding, name, address and signature of donor with other particulars of age, weight, haemoglobin, blood grouping, blood pressure, medical examination, bag number and patient's detail for whom donated in case of replacement donation, category of donation (voluntary/replacement) and deferral records and signature of Medical Officer In-charge.

Master records for blood and its components: It shall indicate bag serial number, date of collection, date of expiry, quantity in ml. ABO/Rh Group, results for testing of HIV I and HIV II antibodies, Malaria, V.D.R.L., Hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis C virus antibody and irregular antibodies (if any), name and address of the donor with particulars, utilisation issue number, components prepared or discarded and signature of the Medical Officer In charge.

Issue register: It shall indicate serial number, date and time of issue, bag serial number, ABO/Rh Group, total quantity in ml, name and address of the recipient, group of recipient, unit/institution, details of cross-matching report, and indication for transfusion.

Records of components supplied: quantity supplied; compatibility report, details of recipient and signature of issuing person.

Records of A.C.D./C.P.D/CPD-A/SAGM bags giving details of manufacturer, batch number, date of supply, and results of testing.

Register for diagnostic kits and reagents used: name of the kits/reagents, details of batch number, date of expiry and date of use.

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Blood bank must issue the cross matching report of the blood to the patient together with the blood unit.

Transfusion adverse reaction records.

Records of purchase, use and stock in hand of disposable needles, syringes, blood bags, shall be maintained.

NOTE: The above said records shall be kept by the licensee for a period of five years.

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Labels:

The labels on every bag containing blood and/or component shall contain the following particulars, namely:

The proper name of the product in a prominent place and in bold letters on the bag. Name and address of the blood bank Licence number Serial number The date on which the blood is drawn and the date of expiry as prescribed under Schedule P to these rules A coloured label shall be put on every bag containing blood. The following colour scheme for the said labels shall be used for different groups of blood:

Blood Group O A B AB

Colour of the label Blue Yellow Pink White

The results of the tests for Hepatitis B surface antigen, and Hepatitis C virus antibody, syphilis, freedom from HIV I and HIV II antibodies and malarial parasite. The Rh group. Total volume of blood, the preparation of blood, nature and percentage of anticoagulant. Keep continuously temperature at 2 degree centigrade to 6 degree centigrade for whole human blood and/or components as contained under III of Part XII B. Disposable transfusion sets with filter shall be used in administration equipment.

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Appropriate compatible cross matched blood without a typical antibody in recipient shall be used. The contents of the bag shall not be used if there is any visible evidence of deterioration 1ike haemolysis, clotting or discoloration. The label shall indicate the appropriate donor classification like "Voluntary Donor" or "Replacement Donor" in no less prominence than the proper name.

NOTES: In the case of blood components, particulars of the blood from which such components have been prepared shall be given against item numbers (5), (7), (8), (9) and (14).

The blood and/or its components shall be distributed on the prescription of a Registered Medical Practitioner. ? Waste management

It is necessary to disposed of blood, which is collected by a patients who are suffering from major diseases. And all that wastage is collected by A.M.C. and that is to be disposed off by them. And all that wastage they will dispose off and collected @ 12 Rs. Per K.G.

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7. Promotion
Promotion is a term taken from Latin word „promovere? that means moving from one to one and to another.

In marketing, promotion means all those tools through which marketer communicates its products to the consumer. It also includes different means that he uses to increase the service of its product. Effective promotion can be done with the following five tools.

Following are the PROMOTION TOOLS: Advertisement Public relation Direct marketing

ADVERTISEMENT:A – Active watch D – Develop relation V – Velocity E – Estimate R – Responsible T – Timely Mission

Money

Message

Media

Measurement

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? Mission:-

It consists of marketing objective. Our objective is, To create awareness regarding donating blood and its components. To get people confident regarding our organisation and our activity. To aware more and more people to donate blood voluntarily. To make people understand that our main aim is to serve the people and not to earn profit. ? Money:-

Although advertising is treated as current expenses, part of it really an investment that builds up on intangible assets called brand equity.

Therefore, it is necessary to prepare an advertising budget. There are four specific factors consider while setting the advertising budget:

Position of organisation in market:

As ours is a new organisation we have to spend a large amount on advertising to create awareness and to gain voluntary blood donors.

As in current market, there is large gape between demand and supply so we have to spend more to create awareness.

Market share and consumer base:

As we have to build market share to serve more we have to spend large amounts on advertisement. ? Message: The messages? impact depends not only on what is said, but also often more important on how it is said. So the message generation plays an important role in the 39

organisation?s image or reputation. Ours message is “Share blood… Share life…” ? Media:

Advertising media is the means through which advertisers communicate their message to target people with a view to influencing them in terms of advertising objectives.

Our advertising media consists of the following types.

MEDIA NEWS PAPER(GUJARAT SAMACHAR) HORDINGS IN DIFFERENT AREAS BROUCHERS AND PAMPHLETS RADIO AND T.V ADDS IN EMERGENCY

RATE 1250 RS. PER SQUARE C.M. 20000 RS PER MONTH

FREQUENCY 4 TIMES IN AYEAR ADD OF 10X10

TOTAL COST

50000 RS.PER YEAR

5 HORDINDS IN A YEAR

100000 RS PER YEAR

---------

----------

50000 RS PER YEAR

----------

----------

100000 RS PER YEAR

We are incurring handsome amount on ads because we are a non-profit oriented organization so we have to get donations through ads and use other

media to convince people. Also we are not entertaining replacement blood donation so we have to motivate people to do voluntary blood donation. To aware people about our work and growth of society and health of society through us.

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? Measurement

With the use of media and message we would reach to all class of people and to encourage them to donate blood and share life with sharing blood with others. And also with the help of all that we can reach to the big corporate houses and other high class people to donate in blood bank in monetary terms also so that we can extend our helping hand.

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FOLLOWING TYPES OF HOARDINGS AND ADS WILL BE DISPLAYED:

REVIVAL BLOOD BANK

www.REVIVAL.org

SOMEONE DOESN’T NEED YOUR SYMPATHY BUT BLOOD

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MARKET RESEARCH

Market research includes the following steps. ? Define the problem and research objectives:

Market research is undertaken to achieve particular objectives. The objectives should be for by acquiring the necessary information. Our main objective in our research is to find the scope and feasibility of blood bank. In this objective, the following sub objectives have been met.

To get information regarding the number of blood bank exist in Gujarat/Ahmedabad. To find out the potential market of blood bank in Ahmedabad. To find out the process of establishing new blood bank in Ahmedabad. To know about acceptable price, quality, and satisfaction level with blood bank. To know the preference of the people regarding their choice for different blood banks. To find out awareness level of the people regarding blood bank and blood componentization. To get information about people?s blood donation habit in terms frequency and reasons for donating and not donating blood. ? Develop the Research Plan:

The next step of a marketing research is to develop a systematic plan regarding decision factors like sources of data, data collection method, sampling plans and contact method. ? Sources of data: 43

The data sources can be primary and secondary data. Primary data: primary data are the raw data and structure of variables that have been specifically collected for a current information research problem. Our research for primary source consist of: Company?s own records: - we have visited the blood banks like Indian Red Cross, Prathma, and Green Cross etc. People: - people generally constitute the source of information in respect of most researchers. We have surveyed 1000 people of Ahmedabad for this purpose.

Secondary data: - The information collected from external sources is known as secondary data. There are innumerable sources from which we have collected secondary data like government institutions, news papers magazines reports articles and books of WHO, NACO, association of voluntary blood donors, library, internet etc.

? Data collection Method:

Research approaches:We used the “survey approach” through questionnaire and “behavioral data” by analyzing consumer behavior and through asking them.

Research instrument: The major research instrument that we used was questionnaire of consumers.

Sampling plan: The marketing research must design sampling plan, which consist of three. Components such as:

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Sample unit:

This represents the target population for the survey. For this research, we approach people of different areas of Ahmedabad city. The sampling unit for this survey is social unit that covers one person per family. In this research we approach all categories of persons according to gender, age, and weight, which are the most, important factors determining the healthy blood donors.

Sample size:

The survey covers1000 respondents spread across Ahmedabad city. The sample is the representative of only urban areas of Ahmedabad, males and females who have attained majority. Out of 1000 respondents, they were bifurcated among different gender, age, weight, etc. the idea behind such sampling design was to make the sample more representative of the whole population.

Sampling procedure:

Non-probability sample: Though this method does not allow sampling error to be measured, this method is very useful in many circumstances when cost or time involved in probability sampling is too high.

Convenience sample: The researcher selects the most accessible population members. In our project, we undertook convenience sample survey.

Contact method: There are various ways like mail, telephone, and personal interviews & on line interviews to contact the people. We went to each and every respondent personally and extracted the information through questionnaires.

45

? Collect the information:

The data collection phase of marketing research is generally the most expensive process. In case of survey, we have faced some problems such as

While collecting the information, we had some difficulties in extracting information from some people.

The response of some people was biased and unreliable. We observed that the other blood banks were not ready to reveal their financial positions.

Though collecting the information is mostly prone to error, we have tried our best to cover all possible aspect so that our research can give us correct idea of current scenario. ? Analysis of the information:

The data collected in the previous stages have to be arranged properly and precisely. They have to be carefully processed and edited to make a comparative study.

For analysis, we have distributed the various questions in tabulated from and we have presented it in different charts.

46

FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

47

Findings of donors as per age

Findings of donors as per age
350 300 318

No.of respondents

250 200 150 100 50 0 18-30 Age 30-45 42 187 166

213

74

45 and more

Donate

Not donate

INTERPRETATION:

From above chart, it is clear that awareness regarding donating blood for age group of 18 to 30 is considerably low as compare to other age groups. Nearly 60% of the total persons from same age group do not donate blood.

However, awareness regarding donating blood is found highest for the age group of 30 to 45. Nearly 80% people of the same age group are found donating blood regularly.

And finally older people (aging more than 45) are also paying attention towards their social responsibility. Nearly 70% people from the same age group donate blood regularly.

48

Reasons for donating blood

Reasons for donating blood
16% 2% 19%

38% 6%
Replacement donor Walk-in donor For friend/relatives For a social cause

19%

Blood camps During emergency

INTERPRETATION:

There should be no specific reason for such social cause like donating blood and the same is found out from survey that the most influencing factor for people to donate blood is that “ it is social cause “. Each, blood camps, friend or relative?s need and emergency are accountable for donating blood for nearly 20% of the surveyed people.

With a glad, it is found out that percentage of replacement donor is as low as 2% so chances of unhealthy blood is very less. However, walk-in-donors were also found very less which is the matter of worry.

49

Frequency of blood donation

frequency of donation
28% 38%

12% 22% once in year once in six months every 3-4 months rarely

INTERPRETATION:

Majority portion of people are found donating blood on the yearly basis. Nearly 40% of the people surveyed are used to donate blood once in a year.

Very huge amount of people are found irregular (nearly 30%) and they donate blood rarely and very few people donate blood regularly on three to four months? intervals.

50

The most convenient and preferable place for the donor.

Most convenient & referable place

19% 33%

27% 21%

Mobile van

Blood bank

Hospitals

Outdoor Camps

INTERPRETATION:

Blood donation camps are proved to be the most convenient and preferable place for most of the blood donors.

Besides that Blood Banks are also preferable place for donors.

It seems like mobile van concept is not that much comfortable for the donors. So nearly 20% of the total rate it as convenient place.

51

Different parameter which are taken into consideration for the selection of a Blood Bank.

Reliable Procedure
200 180 160

177

187

No. of Respondents

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

62 42

59 39

1

2

3

4

5

6

Rank of preference

Morden technology
160 140
No. of Respondents
134 97 84 72

142

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2
37

3

4

5

6

Rank of preference

52

Reference from doctor/friends
180 160 157 146

No. of respondents

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 61 82 58 62

1

2

3

4

5

6

rank of preference

Brand Name
250 212 200

No. of respondents

150 112 100 88 68 49 50 37

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rank of preference

53

Location of Blood Bank
250 198 200

No of respondents

150 112 100 60 48 50 92 56

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rank of preference

Specific policy for donors
180 160 140 146 155

No.of respondents

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rank of preference 35 97 72 61

54

INTERPRETATION:

Brand name is the most important parameter that people take care about while selecting a Blood Bank. Nearly 40% of the people marked it 1st while responding.

Location of the Blood Bank is second most affecting factor while choosing a Blood Bank.

People generally pay very less attention towards the modern technology. Very less persons ranked it among top 3.

55

Different parameters in terms of your satisfaction level with the same

convenience of location
200 180 160 172 147

No. of respondents

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 91 82 74

Highly satisfied

satisfied

neutral

dissatisfied

Highly dissatisfied

Level of satisfaction

Availability of blood during requrment
200 180 160 172

No. of respondents

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Highly satisfied satisfied neutral dissatisfied 70 82 108

134

Highly dissatisfied

Level of satisfaction

56

Hygiene & Latest technology
200 180 160 187

No. of respondents

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 109 102 93 75

Highly satisfied

satisfied

neutral

dissatisfied

Highly dissatisfied

Level of satisfaction

Staff responsiveness
250 197 200

No. of respondents

150

127 93 67

100

82

50

0 Highly satisfied satisfied neutral dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied

Level of satisfaction

57

INTERPRETATION:

It is clear that most of the people are highly satisfied with the location and decently satisfied with hygiene and latest technologies.

But it is matter of concern that people feel neutral for staff responsiveness. So it is area to be worked upon for Blood Banks.

People show their high dissatisfaction for the point of availability of blood when needed.

58

Different thoughts on charges of blood bank

Charge for blood

22% 34%

44%

Free cost

Only operating cost

At premium

INTERPRETATION:

As it is social responsive work most of the people opined that blood/blood components should be charged only at their operating cost?

There are also considerably high number of people who opined that blood/blood components should be given free of cost.

Very few people suggested giving blood/blood components at premium price.

59

LEGAL FEASIBILITY

? ? ? ? ?

Legal Requirements Licensing Procedure Drug Rules Legal Requirements and Documentation Trust Deed

60

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

Human blood is covered under the definition of „Drug? under Sec. 3 (b) of Drugs & Cosmetics Act. Hence, it is imperative that Blood Banks need to be regulated under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act and rules there under.

Blood Transfusion Service is a vital part of the National Health Service and there is no substitute for Human Blood and its components. Increasing advancement in the field of Transfusion Technology has necessitated enforcing stricter control over the quality of Blood and its products. In most of the developed countries, the blood banking system has advanced in all facets of donor management, storage of blood, grouping and cross matching, testing of transmissible diseases, rationale use of blood and distribution. The Govt. has the full responsibility for the blood programme even though, in some countries, the management of blood transfusion services are delegated fully or partly to an appropriate non-governmental organization (NGOs) working on a non-profit basis. When a NGO is assigned this responsibility, the Govt. should formally recognize it and give a clear mandate formulating the national blood policy, it is important to consider policy decisions enforcing appropriate regulations or necessary functions of health service to ensure high quality service and safe blood.

In order to improve the standards of Blood and its components, the Central Govt. through Drugs Controller General of India, has formulated a comprehensive legislation to ensure better quality control system on collection, storage, testing and distribution of blood and its components. Central Govt. amended from time to time the existing requirements of Blood Banks in the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules there under to meet the latest standards. Consequent to a public litigation case recently, Supreme Court of India directed Central Govt. to enact a comprehensive legislation on Blood Banks in collection, storage, testing and distribution of blood and its components. In this context, the office of Drugs Controller General of India made draft rules to further amend the existing law in the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules there under to meet the direction of Honourable Supreme Court in order to improve the blood banking system in the country.

61

? National Blood Policy

Government of India published in the year 2002 the National Blood Policy. The objective of the policy is to provide safe, adequate quantity of blood, blood components and products. The main aim of the policy is to procure non remunerated regular blood donors by the blood banks. The policy also addresses various issues with regard to technical personnel, research, and development and to eliminate profiteering by the blood banks by selling blood. The policy also envisages that fresh licences to stand alone blood banks in private sector shall not be granted and renewal of such blood banks shall be subjected to thorough scrutiny.

62

LICENSING PROCEDURE

According to section 122-F, Form of application for licence for operation of Blood Bank, application for the grant and/or renewal of licence for the operation of Blood Bank shall be made to the Licensing Authority appointed under Part VII in Form 27-C or Form 27-E as the case may be and shall be accompanied by licence fees of Rs. 6000/- and an inspection fees of Rs.1500/- for every inspection thereof or for the purpose of renewal of licence.

Provided that if the applicant applies for renewal of licence after the expiry but within six months of such expiry the fee payable for the renewal of the licence shall be Rs.6000/- and inspection fees of Rs.1500/- plus an additional fees at the rate of rupees one thousand per month or a part thereof in additional to the inspection fee.

A fee of Rs.1000/- shall be paid for a duplicate copy of licence issued under this rule, if the original is defaced, damaged or lost. Application by licensee to manufacture additional drugs listed in the application shall be accompanied by a fee of rupees three hundred for each drug listed in the application.

63

DRUG RULES
Relevant portions of drug and cosmetics rules (1999) for blood donors? motivators are reproduced:

This amended drugs and cosmetics rules are applicable for blood banks and blood donations effective in the country from April 5, 1999.

Some definitions: “Donor” means a person who voluntarily donates blood after he has been declared fit after a medical examinations, for donating blood, on fulfilling the criteria given here in after, without accepting in return any consideration in cash or kind from any source but does not include a professional or paid donor.

Explanations:

For the purpose of this clause, benefits or incentives like pins, plaques, badges, medals, commendation certificates, time off from work, membership of blood assurance programme, gifts of little intrinsic or monetary value shall not be construed as considerations. “Professional donor” means a person who donates blood for a valuable consideration, in cash or kind, from any source, on behalf of the recipient-patient and includes a paid donor or a commercial donor. “Replacement donor” means a donor who is a family friend or a relative of the patient recipient.

64

License: Each blood bank must have licence from central licence approving. Authority of Ministry Health and Family Welfare on the basis of recommendation of director, drug control of the state.

Conditions of licence:

Licensee shall neither collect blood from any professional donor or paid donor nor shall he prepare blood components from the blood collected from such a donor. The licence and any certificate of renewal in force shall be displayed on the approved premises and the original shall be produced at the request of an inspector appointed under the drugs and cosmetics act, 1940. The licensee shall inform the licensing Authority and central licence Approving Authority in writing in the event of any change in constitution of the firm takes place the current licence shall be deemed to be valid for maximum period of three months from the date on which the change has taken place unless in the meantime, a fresh licence has been taken from the licensing Authority Or Central Licence Approving Authority in the name of the firm with the changed constitution.

A.

General:

Location and Surrounding: The blood bank shall be located at a place which shall be away from open sewage, drain, public lavatory or similar unhygienic surroundings.

Building: The building used for operation of blood bank shall be constructed in such a way so as to permit the operation of blood bank and preparation of blood components under hygienic conditions and shall avoid entry of insects, rodents and flies. It shall be well lighted, ventilated and screened, when necessary.

65

Health, clothing and sanitation of staff: The employees shall be free from contagious or infectious diseases. They shall be provided with clean overalls, head-gears, head-gears, foot-gears and gloves, wherever required.

Accommodation for a Blood Bank:

A blood bank shall have an area of 100 square meters for its operation and an additional area of 50 square meters for preparation of blood components. It shall be consisting of a room each for:

Registration and medical examination room. Blood collection room. Blood components preparation room Laboratory for blood group serology. Laboratory for blood transmissible diseases like Hepatitis , Syphilis , Malaria , HIV antibodies Sterilization-cum-washing Refreshment cum rest room Store cum records.

66

Blood Donations Camps

A blood donation camp may be organised by: ? A licensed designed regional blood transfusion centre or ? A licensed government blood bank ? The Indian Red Cross society

For holding a blood donation camp the following requirements shall be fulfilled Premises, Personnel etc.

Premises under the blood donation camp shall have sufficient area and location shall be hygienic so as to allow proper operation, maintenance and cleaning.

All information regarding the personnel working, equipment used and facilities available at such a camp shall be well documented and made available for inspection if required and ensuring-

Continues and uninterrupted electrical supply for equipment used in the camp. Adequate lighting for all required activities Hand washing facilities for staff Reliable communication system to the central office of the controller / organiser of the camp. Furniture and equipment arranged within the available place Refreshment facilities for donors and staff Facilities for medical examination for the donors Proper disposal of waste.

67

Personnel for outdoor blood donation camp:

To collect blood from 50 to 70 donors in about 3 hours or from 100 to 120 donors in 5 hours the following requirements shall be completed with:

one medical officer and two nurses or phlebotomist for 6-8 donor tables two medico social workers three blood bank technicians two attendants Vehicle having capacity to seat 8-10 persons with provision for carriage of donation goods including facilities to conduct a blood donation camp.

68

LEGAL REQUIREMENT AND DOCUMENTATION

? FORM 28-C (RULE NO. 122-G)

Licence to operate a blood bank for collection, storage and processing of whole blood and/or its componentisation for sale and distribution. ? FORM 26-G:

Certificate of renewal of licence to operate a blood bank for processing of whole blood and for preparation for sale or distribution of its components. ? FOR INCOME TAX BENEFIT U/S 80 G OF INCOME TAX ACT 1961: For getting certificate of u/s 80 G we have submitted following certificates: Application in form no 10G Trust deed with registration certificate Name and address of trustees Copy of certificate u/s12AA. ? We have registered our trust as “REVIVAL BLOOD BANK” as a charitable trust to deputy charity commissioner.

69

TRUST DEED

This Indenture of Trust is made and declared at AHMEDABAD on 01-04-2008 by:-

TRUSTEE?S NAMES DARSHAK BHIMANI VIMAL CHANDARANA VAISHALI CHAUDHARI PRATIK RANA AANAL SHAH HARDIK SHAH NAMAN SHAH NAMRATA SHAH HETA TALSANIA NIYATI THAKKAR

Fund (Rs.) 15,00,000 15,00,000 15,00,000 15,00,000 15,00,000 15,00,000 15,00,000 15,00,000 15,00,000 15,00,000

All of above are Indian inhabitants hereinafter called “The Trustees”. And whereas the aforesaid trustees are the members of „REVIVAL CHARITABLE TRUST?.

And whereas REVIVAL CHARITABLE TRUST, AHMEDABAD vide its general body meetings? resolutions dated 1st April 2008 resolve that trust for public charitable and philanthropic objects be created to smoothen and accelerate the service activities of the organisation.

And whereas by the said resolution a fund of Rs.10000001 is settled for the purpose of the trust and to constitute „trust fund? for the formation and declaration of the trust.

70

And whereas the said resolution the organisation has resolved that the trustees should be the 1st trustees to this present. The trustees have consented to be the trustees of the trust. Now therefore this indenture of trust witnesses as follows:

ARTICLE (1) DECLARATION

That we aforesaid trustees of the trust do here by solemnly declare that the trust is constituted of the amount of Rs. 15000001/- and we the aforesaid trustees as authorised by resolution of REVIVAL CHARITABLE TRUST do here by transfer, convey and grant up to the trust, the aforesaid amount to have and hold the same in trust for the objects and purposes of the trust as enumerated hereunder.

NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE TRUST:The trust shall be named and entitled as „REVIVAL CHARITABLE TRUST?. And the trustees collectively shall be known as the Board of trustees.

Address of trust: 18, Girdharnagar Society Shah-i-baug, Ahmedabad -380004 Area of work: Ahmedabad town and sub urban area.

Voluntary blood bank: Construction, establishment, management, maintenance and

preservation of voluntary blood bank. To arrange blood grouping and voluntary blood donation camps. To create awareness about blood bank, blood componentisation, blood grouping, voluntary blood donation and its utility.

71

N0 1

TRUSTEE?S NAME DARSHAK BHIMANI

ADDRESS Shahpur Ahmedabad

SIGNATURE

2

VIMAL CHANDARANA

Ambawadi Ahmedabad

3

VAISHALI CHAUDHARI

Navrangpura Ahmedabad

4

PRATIK RANA

Sola Ahmedabad

5

AANAL SHAH

Paldi Ahmedabad

6

HARDIK SHAH

Khanpur Ahmedabad

7

NAMAN SHAH

Kalupur Ahmedabad

8

NAMRATA SHAH

Kalupur Ahmedabad

9

HETA TALSANIA

Shah-i-baug Ahmedabad

10

NIYATI THAKKAR

Paldi Ahmedabad

72

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
? ? ? ? What is Technical Feasibility Different Major Machineries Requirements of Utilities Location Analysis

73

WHAT IS TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY?

Technical feasibility study of any project is generally based on the nature and the size of the project. This phase of feasibility study includes – requirement of plant, machinery and equipments, utilities, miscellaneous fixed assets, preliminary site, building and interior design work etc. A large capital is required to provide service at the time of inception of a blood bank.

74

DIFFERENT MAJOR MACHINERIES

? Blood collection monitor:

Price per Unit: 120000 Rs. Features: Volume can be set in 1-ml. increments. Provision of pausing collection and change. Programmed volume during pause. Micro-controller based program. Volume can be set from 1 ml - 600 ml. Display of weight and volume.

75

? Blood bag tube sealer:

Price per unit: 120000 rs.

Features:

Blood Bag Tube Sealer is a compact equipment to seal the Blood Bag pilot tube by radio frequency sealing system. Sealing can be achieved in less than 1.5 seconds per tube by simple operation. Sealed tube can be easily separated by pulling the sealing section by both sides.

76

? Blood bank scale:

Price per unit: 40000 rs.

Features: LCD display, displays the weight and volume with an accuracy of 1 gm/ml. Easy conversion of weight to volume Compact model. ABS moulded body. Displays volume and weight of blood components.

77

? Plasma thawing machine:

Price per unit: 125000rs.

Features:

Audiovisual alarm if temperature deviates from preset temperature. Display of Set value & Process value. Smooth acrylic tray for accommodating Plasma Bags. Integrated pump for internal circulation maintains precise.

Temperature uniformity throughout the liquid medium. Rounded corners for better water circulation and uniformity. Foamed - in place PUF insulation improves temperature stability and energy efficiency. 316 stainless steel constructions resist chemicals.

78

? Vertical plasma freezer:

Price per unit: 230000 rs.

Features:

Microcontroller based Plasma Freezers are designed for quick freezing and storing of plasma and related blood components at desired low temperature up to -35 ºC. The System includes temperature controller with digital temperature display, Temperature recorder, Temperature alarm system with adjustable high / low alarm limits, includes audiovisual alarm on temperature deviation.

79

? Platelet incubator:

Price per unit: 130000 rs.

Features: Micro-controller Controls the internal temperature variation within ±0.5°C. Unique air flow system ensures even temperature distribution. Audio visual alarm when the temperature deviates from the preset temperature

80

? Blood Bank Refrigerated Centrifuge:

Price per unit: 1500000 rs.

Features:

With pre-cooling facility, Isolated cooling control allowing continuous cooling when the centrifuge is switched off by the timer, Maintenance free brushless induction motor drive, Electronic lid lock with facility to open in case of power failure.

81

Cost of different major machinery and usage

NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

NAME Blood Bank refrigerator Platelet Incubator Platelet Agitator Blood Collection monitor Tube Sealer Blood bank scale Refrigerated centrifuge Vertical plasma freezer Donor's couch Plasma thawing bath Auto clave ELISA

Qty. 10 2 1 8 4 1 1 2 4 3 3 1

Price per unit 120000 130000 100000 120000 120000 40000 1500000 230000 40000 125000 70000 350000

TOTAL 1200000 260000 100000 960000 480000 40000 1500000 460000 160000 375000 210000 350000

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REQUIREMENT OF UTILITIES

? Water :

The water usage is comparatively medium. The maximum usage will be restricted to drinking and washing purpose only, but then also we have provided for a bore well, keeping in mind the future aspects. ? Electricity:

In order to operate the electrified machineries and utilities we are fully dependent on the power provided by the Torrent limited. To get the connection at Revival we have deposited a sum of Rs. 50000 to the company. All machineries and utilities would be consuming around 30000 units per year. Charges applicable per unit of power consumption would be Rs 5/unit. ? Communication:

Telephone and fax:

To communicate with the regular blood donors and associated hospitals we would have taken a telephone connection from BSNL and have paid Rs 15000 as deposit.

Intercom system:

For any organization internal communication is equally important as the external is. We would have provided intercom facility to the receptionist, director, all doctors, and all departmental heads, in lab and to the security guard. The cost for getting in connected with the base is Rs. 10000.

83

Miscellaneous fixed assets:

We would have bought assembled computers having the best hardware configuration from the best suppliers. They include printers also. These computers would have been installed with the latest version of all the relevant software needed by the firm.

We have two projectors to have presentation regarding our policy and growth to the donors who donates blood and for those also who help us in monitory terms.

We have two water coolers fitted with reverse osmosis system from Aqua guard Private Limited, each costing Rs. 20000

We have eight fire fighting cylinders installed at our premises in order to have protection against fire, each costing around Rs 5400.

84

LOCATION ANALYSIS

Introduction:

The location of the plant is very important aspect in economic analysis of any project as it plays vital role in a continuing life of the organization to have future advantages. Location of plant or organization means a specific site is the region where the organization is to be started. For the selecting location all the pertinent factors influencing the location have to be considered and weighted out very carefully.

Criteria to be set for deciding a particular location are as follows:

Main reason to select the particular location at Shah-i-baug is, there are two Asia?s well known hospitals 1) civil hospital 2) Rajasthan hospital. There are many private hospitals nearer to our premises. There is no other blood bank in that area so we face less competition. We can have so much potential blood donors because our blood bank is situated in big residential area.

Manpower:

In Shah-i-baug there are two medical collages as well as many hospitals so we can have enough and potential manpower to have better efficiency.

85

SCHEDULE OF GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Sr. no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Block A B C D E F G H I J K L

Designation Examination Room Blood-collection Room Refreshment Room Waiting Room Doctor's Cabin Store-cum-Record Room Reception Counter Cash Counter Lift Area (2) Stairs (2) Wash Room (2) Lobby & Passage Total Area Of Ground-floor

Area 15'×10' 15'×15' 15'×10' 15'×10' 15'×15' 15'×10' 15'×12' 15'×12' 8'×6' (2) 6'×4'(2) 6'×4'(2)

Total Area (Sq-ft) 150 225 150 150 225 150 180 180 96 48 48 400 2002

86

SCHEDULE OF FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Sr. no.

Block

Designation Blood-component

Area

Total Area (Sq ft)

1

M

preparation Room Sterilization-cum-Washing

15'×18'

270

2

N

Room Lab for Blood-group

15'×18'

270

3

O

Serology Lab for Blood-transmissible

15'×18'

270

4 5 6 7 8 9

P Q R S T U

Diseases Staff-Room Lift area (2)

15'×18' 25'×6' 8'×6' (2) 6'×4' (2) 6'×4' (2)

270 150 96 48 48 400 1822

Stairs (2) Wash Room (2) Lobby & Passage Total Area Of Groundfloor

SCHEDULE

Sr. No.

Block

Designation Door Windows Ventilation

Area 3'×7' 3'×2.5' 1.5'×1.5'

1 D 2 W 3 V

87

HUMAN RESOURCE FEASIBILITY
? ? ? Organization Chart Job Profile Employee Welfare and Retention

88

ORGANISATION CHART

Chief medical officer

Societal Medical director Finance manager Marketing manager H.R. manager

Administrative manager

Doctor

Accountant

Blood bank representative

Donor care manager

Receptionist

Technician

Store keeper

Lab assistant

Supporting staff

Nurse

Helper

89

Job Profile

? Director/Chief Medical Officer:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability Special Ability Work Experience

: Director : M.D. (Pathology) : Stable, Alert, Leadership Skill, Co-operative : Knowledge about componentization : Five years

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises

:

-

: Junior Doctor, Marketing Manager, Finance Manager, H.R. Manager

Functions

: To handle all the important matters related to the Blood Bank. To pay intensive attention to the activities taken place in the Blood Bank To participate actively in formulating the plans and strategies sanction the same. Evaluate the performance of the Blood Bank and take necessary steps accordingly. To maintain harmony in the organisation.

90

? Doctor:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability Special Ability Work Experience

: Doctor : M.B.B.S. : Alert, sharp and co-operative, stable, sense of responsibility : Ability to perform various tasks related to Blood transfusion : 2 years

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: Director : Technical Supervisor : Phlebotomy Secondary check up of donor Supervising during blood transfusion

91

? H.R. Manager:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability Special Ability Work Experience

: Relationship Manager : M.B.A. (H.R.) : Calm in nature, motivating, leadership skills : Pleasant appearance, capable of handling difficult situation. : One year

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: Director : Trainees : Active participation in recruitment process. Framing the policies for donor motivation & retention. Call the donor regularly. Plan the training programme. Attending out door camps and motivate donors.

92

? Societal Marketing Manager:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability Special Ability

: : : :

Societal Marketing Manager M.B.A. (Marketing) Stable, alert, good presence of mind, co-operative Innovative, Knowledge of surrounding market, good command Over language, humble, polite, good conversation skill and good Convincing power

Work Experience :

Preferably one year of experience in good established Organisation in marketing department

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: : :

Director Trainees

To look out at the current market trend and then decide about marketing budget, market segment & marketing strategies. To advertise and decide on the promotion policies To handle all the affairs related to marketing of the blood Bank, its infrastructure, activities and events going on in Organisation. To evaluate all the marketing poise and strategies and select the best alternative which is suitable and advantageous. To motivate the other employees of the blood bank.

93

? Finance Manager:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability

: Finance manage, General Manager : M.B.A. (Finance) : Should be well versed with numbers, should be skilled in the Analysis of the data

Special Ability

: Should be skilled in the application of various tools of financial management

Work Experience

: preferably one year of experience in any organisation

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: Director : Accountant : To determine optimal capital structure and work towards its Attainment. To handle all the financial affairs of the blood bank like to arrange financial for operating and developing organisation. Take care of the finance during blood bank events like Out door camps Make arrangements for working capital for smooth Functioning of various processes. To negotiate the marketing budget and the budget of the Events organised for the blood bank.

.

94

? Administrative head:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability

: Administrative head : M.B.A. : Ability to judge the situation and behave accordingly, ability to Take quick decision

Special Ability Work Experience

: Should be well equipped with technical know-how : Should have worked in any organisation for at least one year.

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: Director, Junior Doctor : Receptionist, Store keeper, other supporting staff : Testing of Blood and cross matching To give instructions to technicians and nurses Link between labs. Assistants and Jr. doctors/Director.

95

? Accountant:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability

: Accountant : M.Com. : Good with numbers, Familiarity with various accounting Standards and concepts

Special Ability

: Good command over various accounting software and Programmes like tally

Work Experience

: Not required

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: Finance Manager, Director : : To record financial transactions diligently. To prepare daily vouchers, Cash book, trial balance and any other statement for recording and analysis for financial position. To remain in touch with finance manager. Keeping record of cheque return.

96

? Technician:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability Special Ability Work Experience

: Technician : M.L.T. : Stable, co-operative : should have technical skill to perform laboratory work : Not required.

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: Technical supervisor : Nurse : Perform laboratory work Labelling and storage of the blood and blood components. Prepare the reports regarding the quality of the blood

97

? Lab Assistant:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability Special Ability Work Experience

: Lab assistant : B.Sc. : Quick decision power and observation skill, concentration : Good knowledge regarding Blood transfusion : Not required

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: Technical supervisor : Nurse : Primary checking of blood Make the reports of blood testing Assist technical supervisor and technicians

98

? Nurse:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability Special Ability

: Nurse : Diploma in nursing : calm and placid personality, humble, sharp : pleasant appearance, well equipped with know-how of lab. work

Work Experience

: Not required

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: Jr. Doctors, technical supervisor : None : Assist Jr. Doctor and technical supervisor Supervise the functioning of machines Donor counselling.

99

? Donor care manager/Blood bank representative:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability Special Ability Work Experience

: Donor care manager : Diploma in public relation : Stable, calm nature : Good communication skill, convincing power : Not required

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: : :

Administration head Donor care executive

Guide the donor care executive Take care of the image of blood bank Follow up the donors.

100

? Receptionist:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability Special Ability Work Experience

: Receptionist : Graduate in any discipline : Good presence of mind and calm personality : good command over languages, good communication skill : Not required

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: Director and all concerned persons : Peons, sweepers : To adjust, appoint timing of various authorities To conduct the visits and appointments To receive the phone calls and transfer it to concerned Departments

101

? Store keeper:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability Special Ability Work Experience

: Store keeper : Graduate : Alert, sharp, quick to response and good observation power : Dynamic and able to take quick decision : Not required

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: Receptionist, Technical supervisor : Peon, Sweeper :

To keep the record of all incoming and outgoing equipment for different activities of the Blood Bank. To arrange equipments in proper manner. To issue equipments as per the order of the supervisor. To protect the equipments against theft.

102

? Peon:

JOB SPECIFICATION

Job Title Education Mental Ability Special Ability Work Experience

: Peon : S.S.C. : Mentally stable and grasp the things quickly : well behaved and should be honest : Not required

JOB DESCRIPTION

Reports to Supervises Functions

: Receptionist and all concerned persons : None : To follow the orders of the seniors. To keep the office and premises clean. To do all the miscellaneous works. To be punctual and particular about the work.

103

EMPLOYEE WELFARE AND RETENTION

Employee welfare and Retention is a very crucial affair for any organisation. Employees are the arms and the legs of an organisation. It is very important to pay close attention towards the problems of the employees working in the organisation. In many countries it is compulsory to form a grievance committee that handles all the matters related to employee welfare.

As ours is a service providing organisation, employees are valuable asset of the organisation. Following policies and steps will be undertaken in REVIVAL BLOOD BANK.

Employee of the month award Casual leave: 7 days per year. Sick leave: 7 days per year Bonus : 1 month salary Birthday leave 200 Rs. vouchers will be gifted per employee on his or her birthday.

We celebrate all festivals in the premises with joy and happiness.

104

FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Cost of Project Means of Finance Assumptions of Financial Account Income Expenditure Account Balance Sheet Cash Flow Statement Ratios Evaluation of Project

105

COST OF PROJECT

COST OF THE PROJECT SR. NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PARTICULARS Land Building Machineries Furniture Miscellaneous Asset cost of equipments Utilities Preliminary expenses Working capital Provision for contingencies Total cost of the project AMOUNT (Rs.) 7000000 12250000 9645000 369500 316500 89000 265000 165000 900000 1500000 32500000

106

Machineries No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Name Blood Bank Refrigerator Platate Incubator Platate Agitator Blood Collection Monitor Tube Sealer Blood Bank Scale Refrigerated Centrifuge Verticle Plasma Freezer Donor'S Couch Plasma Thawing Bath Auto Clave Elisa Ambulance Blood Cell Separator Vehicle Total Qty. 10 2 1 8 4 1 1 2 4 3 3 1 1 1 2 Price per unit 120000 130000 100000 120000 120000 40000 1500000 230000 40000 125000 70000 350000 150000 1500000 950000 Total 1200000 260000 100000 960000 480000 40000 1500000 460000 160000 375000 210000 350000 150000 1500000 1900000 9645000

107

Furniture and fixtures No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Name conference table Table Fans water coolers Air conditioner Tube light Chairs-Executive Chairs- Regular Sofa set Total Qty. 1 10 40 2 10 60 20 30 2 Price per unit 12000 4000 700 20000 15000 250 2500 350 12000 Total 12000 40000 28000 40000 150000 15000 50000 10500 24000 369500

Miscellaneous assets No. 1 2 3 4 5 Name computers with printers Generators Fire fighting equipments Fax machine Projector Total Qty. 8 1 8 2 2 Price per unit 25500 45000 5400 4000 8150 Total 204000 45000 43200 8000 16300 316500

No. 1 2 3 4

Name Borewell Intercom system telephone deposits Torrent deposit

Cost of Utilities Qty. Price Per Unit 1 190000 1 10000 1 Total 50000

Total 190000 10000 15000 50000 265000

108

Preliminary and pre operating expenses No. 1 2 3 4 Name Legal charges Cost of procurig licenses Architect and Engineering Fees Miscellaneous Expenses Total AMOUNT (Rs.) 5000 10000 100000 50000 165000

Cost of equipments No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Name Donor's bed Blanket Stethoscope BP apparatus Weighing device for donor serological graduated pipettes Total Qty. 10 10 10 5 5 10 Price per unit 5000 250 300 500 1200 2500 Total 50000 2500 3000 2500 6000 25000 89000

109

MEANS OF FINANCE

MEANS OF FINANCE SR. NO. 1 2 3 PARTICULARS Trustee?s Fund Long Term Loan From SBI Long Term Loan From IDBI Total cost of the project AMOUNT (Rs.) 1,50,00,000 75,00,000 1,00,00,000 3,25,00,000

ASSUMPTIONS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNT
110

Our Project is based on following assumptions:

Plot is easily available at shah-i-baug. Selling price of RBC is Rs.600/- per bag. Because Red blood cells can be stored only for two days so the cost of it will increase to 600 Rs./ Selling Price of Plasma is Rs.550/- per bag. Because Storage cost for plasma is very high that?s why cost will increase to 550 Rs./ Selling Price of Platelets is Rs.400/- per bag. All sales are cash sales. Purchase price of raw material and components are assumed on the basis of the prevailing current price in the market. Our installed capacity is 30000 blood bags. Our utilised capacity 40%, 50%, 60%, 80% and 90% for first five years respectively. There are 360 working days in a year. Loan is easily available from SBI and IDBI. Interest on termed loan from IDBI is 8% and from SBI is 10% because we working for noble cause. We have calculated depreciation on written down value method basis following norms of companies act. We will give 5% increment to our employees every year. In fourth year we will buy a new mobile van on last date. Depreciation on furniture for the 5th year is assumed 15%. In fourth year we will incurred more advertisement expenses to make people more aware about blood components. On an average 10% of our collection will turn in to wastage. In fourth year our utilization capacity will be increased. In fourth year we will recruit 10 more employees. Raw material is available at a lower rate because of trade discount from suppliers. We will give one month bonus to our employees. Loan will be repaid on the last day of the fifth year

111

Selling price is decided by the prevailing market conditions.

112

113

114

115

? CALCULATION OF DEPRECIATION

BUILDING Particulars Opening Balance Depreciation Closing Balance

Cost=12250000 Year 1

Rate of depreciation 10% Year 3 9922500 992250 8930250 Year 4 8930250 893025 8037225 Year 5 8037225 803722.5 7233503

Year 2 11025000 1102500 9922500

12250000 1225000 11025000

VEHICLES Particulars Opening Balance Addition Depreciation Closing Balance

Cost=1900000 Rate of depreciation 40% Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 1900000 1140000 684000 410400 0 0 0 850000 760000 456000 273600 164160 1140000 684000 410400 1096240

Year 5 1096240 0 438496 657744

MACHINERIES Cost=7745000 Rate of depreciation 15% Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Opening Balance 7745000 6583250 5595763 4756398 Addition 0 0 0 605000 Depreciation 1161750 987488 839364 804209.72 Closing Balance 6583250 5595763 4756398 4557188

Year 5 4557188 0 683578 3873610

FURNITURE Cost=369500 Rate of depreciation Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Opening Balance 369500 332550 299295 Addition 0 0 0 Depreciation 36950 33255 29930 Closing Balance 332550 299295 269366

10% Year 4 269366 0 26937 242429

Year 5 242429 0 36364 206065

COMPUTERS Cost=204000 Rate of depreciation 60% Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Opening Balance 204000 81600 32640 13056 Addition 0 0 0 50000 Depreciation 122400 48960 19584 37834 Closing Balance 81600 32640 13056 25222

Year 5 25222 0 15133 10089

116

MISCELLANUOUS Particulars Opening Balance Addition Depreciation Closing Balance

ASSETS Year 1 112500 0 16875 95625

Cost=112500 Rate of depreciation 15% Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 95625 81281.25 69089 58726 0 0 0 0 14343.75 12192 10363 8809 81281 69089 58726 49917

Particulars Stock of blood componant Stock of Raw Material Total

Stock Year 1 Year 2 570000 900000 330000 300000 900000 1200000

Year 3 1085000 350000 1435000

Year 4 1400000 350000 1750000

Year 5 1750000 350000 2100000

117

118

119

FINANCIAL RATIOS

? RATIO ANALYSIS

(1) Net Profit Ratio = Net Profit x 100 Sales Sales = Total Income (2) Cash Profit Ratio = Net Profit or Loss + Non cash expenses x 100 Sales + Other income Non-cash expenses = Depreciation + Preliminary expenses written off (3) Current Ratio = Current Assets Current Liabilities

Current Assets = Cash and bank + Inventory Current Liabilities = Outstanding Interest on Loan (4) Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio = Sales Fixed Assets

Sales = Total Income Fixed Assets = Land + Building + Equipments + Electrification (5) Total Assets Turnover Ratio = Sales Total Assets

Sales = Total Income Total Assets = Total Assets – Preliminary Expenses (6) Return on Capital Employed = Profit before Interest and Tax x 100 Capital Employed

Profit before Income and Tax = Excess of incomes over expenses + Interest on loan Capital Employed = Promoters Contribution + Loan from IDBI + Loan from SBI

120

+ Capital Membership – Preliminary expenses (7) Interest Coverage Ratio = = Profit before interest and Tax + Depreciation Interest on Debt

Interest on Debt = Interest on Loan + Interest on Capital

121

? EVALUATION OF RATIOS AND ITS INTERPRETATION

SR. NO. 1 A B

PARTICULERS NET PROFIT RATIO EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENSES TOTAL INCOME NET PROFIT RATIO(A/B) CASH PROFIT RATIO CASH PROFIT TOTAL INCOME CASH PROFIT RATIO(A/B) CURRENT RATIO CURRENT ASSETS CURRENT LIABILITIES CURRENT ASSETS RATIO(A/B) FIXED ASSETS TURN OVER RATIO TOTAL INCOME FIXED ASSETS FIXED ASSETS TURNOVER RATIO(A/B)(TIMES) TOTAL ASSETS TURNOVER RATIO TOTAL INCOME TOTAL ASSETS TOTAL ASSETS TURNOVER RATIO(A/B) RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENSES INTEREST OF LOAN INCOME ADD INTEREST ON LOAN CAPITAL EMPLOYED RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED INTEREST COVERAGE RATIO EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENSES INTEREST OF LOAN DEPRECIATION INTEREST INCOME + INTEREST + DEPRECIATION INTEREST COVERAGE RATIO

YEAR 1 -4411475 18140000 -24.319

YEAR 2 -2483457 21405000 -11.6022

YEAR 3 -1893535 23503000 -8.05657

YEAR 4 -545448 31263000 -1.74471

YEAR 5 575416 34455000 1.670051

2 A B

-729000 18140000 -4.01874

215940 21405000 1.00883

327850 23503000 1.394928

1443400 31263000 4.616959

2611900 34455000 7.580612

3 A B

2331500 571500 4.079615

3215440 1239500 2.594143

3294340 1079550 3.051586

3331390 1178200 2.827525

4343290 1078200 4.028279

4 A B

18140000 26496525 0.684618

21405000 23830128 0.898233

23503000 21730773 1.081554

31263000 21279895 1.469133

34455000 19276411 1.787418

5 A B

18140000 28828025 0.629249

21405000 27045568 0.791442

23503000 25025083 0.939178

31263000 24611285 1.270271

34455000 23619701 1.45874

6 A

B

-4411475 1550000 -2861475 28256525 -10.1268

-2483457 1550000 -933457 25806068 -3.6172

-1893535 1550000 -343535 23945533 -1.43465

-545448 1550000 1004552 23433085 4.286896

575416 1550000 2125416 24041501 8.840613

7

-4411475 1550000 3349475 1550000 488000 0.314839

-2483457 1550000 2666397 1550000 1732940 1.118026

-1893535 1550000 2188385 1550000 1844850 1.190226

-545448 1550000 1955848 1550000 2960400 1.909935

575416 1550000 2003484 1550000 4128900 2.663806

122

? NET PROFIT RATIO

PARTICULARS NET PROFIT RATIO

YEAR 1 -24.32

YEAR 2 -11.6

YEAR 3 -8.06

YEAR 4 -1.74

YEAR 5 1.67

Net profit ratio
5.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 -20.00 -24.32 -25.00 YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 -11.60 -1.74 -8.06

1.67

Interpretation: As „Revival? is trust operating for noble cause, in the first four years it is making loss, due to major expenses of depreciation on machineries and other heavy operating expenses. Due to effective social relationship and improvement in our technology collection of blood has also increases near by end of fourth year. The benefit of these factors is reflected in income of fifth year.

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? CASH PROFIT RATIO

PARTICULARS CASH PROFIT RATIO

YEAR 1 -4.02

YEAR 2 1.01

YEAR 3 1.39

YEAR 4 4.62

YEAR 5 7.58

cash profit ratio
7.58 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 -4.02 1.01 1.39 4.62

Interpretation:

As the amount of depreciation is high on newer machineries and income generation is low in the initial operating years the amount of cash profit is lesser. Due to decrease in value of machineries the amount of depreciation also decreases as it is calculated on the written down value method, but income generation gets higher in subsequent years. It reflects in above graph that Cash profit is increasing year by year.

124

? CURRENT RATIO

PARTICULARS CURRENT RATIO

YEAR 1 4.08

YEAR 2 2.59

YEAR 3 3.05

YEAR 4 2.83

YEAR 5 4.03

current ratio

4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

4.08

4.03 3.05 2.59

2.83

YEAR 1

YEAR 2

YEAR 3

YEAR 4

YEAR 5

Interpretation:

Almost all authors noted that 2:1 is the standard current ratio, but this may differ in the service sector, as there are few current liabilities as compared to the manufacturing sector. But after successful operation for one year in market we are able to get raw materials on credit. It reflects in the chart as current asset ratio decreases from second year onwards.

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? FIXED ASSETS TURN OVER RATIO

PARTICULARS FIXED ASSETS TURN OVER RATIO

YEAR 1

YEAR 2

YEAR 3

YEAR 4

YEAR 5

0.68

0.9

1.08

1.47

1.79

fixed asset turn over ratio
1.79 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 0.68 0.9 1.08 1.47

Interpretation:

Cost of project includes almost 80% values of fixed assets. Fixed asset turnover ratio is 0.68 times and goes till 1.79 times within the first five years. The major reason behind this is increase in income generation due to increase in collection of blood bottles and decrease in the value of fixed assets due to depreciation. Fixed asset turnover ratio is better with 0.5 times or more.

126

? RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED

PARTICULARS RETURN EMPLOYED ON CAPITAL

YEAR 1

YEAR 2

YEAR 3

YEAR 4

YEAR 5

-10.13

-3.62

-1.43

4.29

8.84

Return on capital employed ratio
8.84 4.29

10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12

-1.43 -3.62

-10.13 YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5

? Interpretation:

A complete attachment towards project for noble cause and social responsiveness of trustees to make project success, attracts donors and it is the only reason to convert capital employed return from loss to profit within four years even for charitable trust.

127

? INTEREST COVERAGE RATIO

PARTICULARS INTEREST RATIO COVERAGE

YEAR 1

YEAR 2

YEAR 3

YEAR 4

YEAR 5

0.31

1.12

1.19

1.91

2.66

Interest coverage ratio

3 2.5 1.91 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 0.31 1.12 1.19

2.66

YEAR 5

Interpretation:

The increase in the income generation due to increase in the number of donors which plays major role for income generation and covering the interest payable to bank loans. This covers 0.31 times in the 1st years and reaches 2.66 times in the 5th year.

128

EVALUATION OF PROJECT

Demand 100%

Supply 60%

Blood Bank Demand Supply Graph

60%
Demand Supply

100%

(Source : WHO)

As we can see from the above chart there is a vast gap between demand and the supply of the blood. So more and more blood banks are required to meet this gap. Our sincere efforts can bridge the gap. Our motto will be provide quality blood to meet this gap and to serve the society.

129

? PAY BACK PERIOD

Payback Decision Year 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Net Outflows -32500000 -4111475 -2483457 -1893535 -545448 575416 805582 1127815 1578942 2210518 3094725 4332615 3349475 2666397 2188385 1955848 2003484 1702961 1447517 1230390 1045831 888956 755613 33000 33000 33000 33000 33000 -729000 215940 327850 1443400 2611900 2508544 2575333 2809331 3256349 3983682 5088229 -729000 -513060 -185210 1258190 3870090 6378634 8953966 11763297 15019647 19003329 24091557 PAT Depreciation Preliminary Exp. Net Inflows Cumulative

After five years projection of payback, still there is a huge gap between cash inflow and cash outflow. If we assume 40% growth rate of blood bank industry than and than only after 15 years we will get cash outflow back.

130

? NET PRESENT VALUE
CALCULATION OF NET PRESENT VALUE Cash inflow Discount factor @ 15% Discounted cash flow -729000 0.8696 -633938 215940 0.7561 163272 327850 0.6575 215561 1443400 0.5718 825336 2611900 0.4972 1298637 Net Present Value 1868868

No. 1 2 3 4 5

Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014

Assumption: Discount factors @ 15%. According to N.P.V. our cash outflow is greater than our cash inflow for five years. But there is huge gap between demand and demand and supply of blood components to bridge this gap we start a blood bank and gradually we will manage to get our investment back in 15 to 20 years.

131

FUTURE EXPANSION

The REVIVAL BLOOD BANK will constantly update its list of latest machineries by adding new machines and facilities to serve the society best.

We are thinking of undertaking research and development activity at the later stage. We will also go for state level activities in near future.

132

CONCLUSION

By doing an extensive research over all aspects, we come to the conclusion that the project is feasible.

In the end, we can say that we have gained a deep insight in to the blood bank industry and social development.

We, again, would like to thank the different existing blood banks for giving us the practical insight. We are also thankful to the faculties who guided us at every

junction in this journey.

Feasibility study revealed a deep hiatus between theoretical and practical aspects of management. But there are visible interlink ages.

133

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Blood Donor Motivation Guide by State Government Blood Bank : History and Present Marketing Management : Philip Kotler Annual Reports of different Blood Banks Financial Management : Khan & Jain

134

WEBOGRAPHY

www.google.com www.yahoo.com www.irc.com www.amazon.com

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