ISR – INDIVIDUAL SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
PRIYA SHEWAKRAMANI
ADMISSION NO. HPGD/AP14/2463
SOCIAL CAUSE: WOMEN EMPOWERMENT CHILD NOURISHMENT
PREVENTION O! VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN CHILDREN
NAME O! THE NGO: "SNEHA#
PRIN. L. N. WELINGKAR INSTITUTE O! MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
APRIL 2$14
1
PARTICULARS PAGE NO
Social Responsibility 3
Social context of NGO 3
Social Problems 4
Importance of Education 6
ac!"round #bout NGO $SNE%#& '
%o( t)ey creatin" a(areness in t)e society *
Pre+ention of ,iolence #"ainst -omen .
/)ildren
11
0omestic ,iolence 11
/)ild %ealt) . Nutrition 13
Empo(erment2 %ealt) . Sexuality #mon"st
#dolescents 3E%S#S4
15
SNE%# /entre 1'
SNE%# S)a!ti 1*
O6R -OR7 11
%o( -e Impact 11
Our 8unders 13
Our Partners 14
1
Ot)er NGOs (or!in" for (omen and c)ildren
NGO E796:
15;31
iblio"rap)y 31
INDE%
S&'()* R+,-&.,(/(*(01
Social responsibility is an et)ical frame(or! ()ic) su""ests t)at an entity2 be it an
or"ani<ation or indi+idual2 )as an obli"ation to act for t)e benefit of society at lar"e=
Social responsibility is a duty e+ery indi+idual )as to perform so as to maintain a
balance bet(een t)e economy and t)e ecosystems= Social responsibility means
sustainin" t)e e>uilibrium bet(een t)e t(o= It pertains not only to business
or"ani<ations but also to e+eryone ()o?s any action impacts t)e en+ironment=
is
responsibility can be passi+e2 by a+oidin" en"a"in" in socially )armful acts2 or acti+e2
by performin" acti+ities t)at directly ad+ance social "oals=
I.2(3(24)* ,&'()* 5+,-&.,(/(*(01
Indi+idual Social Responsibility 3ISR4 is about an indi+idual becomin" responsible in
)is@)er actions t)at )a+e affect on communities outside )is@)er immediate circle=e
indi+idual social responsibility includes t)e en"a"ement of eac) person to(ards t)e
community ()ere )e li+es2 ()ic) can be expressed as an interest to(ards ()at’s
)appenin" in t)e community2 as (ell as in t)e acti+e participation in t)e sol+in" of
some of t)e local problems=
C&5-&5)0+ ,&'()* 5+,-&.,(/(*(01
/orporate Social Responsibility is a mana"ement concept ()ereby companies
inte"rate social and en+ironmental concerns in t)eir business operations and
interactions (it) t)eir sta!e)olders= /SR is "enerally understood as bein" t)e (ay
t)rou") ()ic) a company ac)ie+es a balance of economic2 en+ironmental and social
imperati+es 3“:riple;ottom;Aine; #pproac)”42 ()ile at t)e same time addressin"
t)e expectations of s)are)olders and sta!e)olders= In t)is sense it is important to dra(
a distinction bet(een /SR2 ()ic) can be a strate"ic business mana"ement concept2
3
and c)arity2 sponsors)ips or p)ilant)ropy= /orporate social responsibility may also be
referred to as Bcorporate citi<ens)ipB and can in+ol+e incurrin" s)ort;term costs t)at
do not pro+ide an immediate financial benefit to t)e company2 but instead promote
positi+e social and en+ironmental c)an"e=
S&'()* P5&/*+6,
P&3+501
Po+erty is a condition in ()ic) a )ouse)old is not able to fulfill its basic needs for
sur+i+al i=e= food2 clot)in" and s)elter= Po+erty is a (idespread condition in India=
Since Independence2 po+erty is a pre+alent concern= It is t)e t(enty;first century and
po+erty still is a persistent menace in t)e country= It needs to be ta!en into account
t)at alt)ou") t)e economy )as s)o(n some +isible si"ns of pro"ress in t)e last t(o
decades2 t)is pro"ress been une+en across +arious sectors or areas=e "ro(t) rates
are )i")er in GuCarat and 0el)i as compared to i)ar and 6ttar Prades)= Nearly )alf
of t)e population doesn’t )a+e proper s)elter2 access to a decent sanitation system2
+illa"es do not )a+e a nearby (ater source2 and +illa"es also do not )a+e a secondary
sc)ool and lac! of proper roads= Some sections of t)e society li!e t)e 0alits are not
e+en included in t)e po+erty list maintained by t)e concerned aut)orities assi"ned by
t)e "o+ernment=ey’re "roups t)at are mar"inali<ed in t)e society= e element
()ic) furt)er complicates and deteriorates t)e situation is t)e "o+ernment subsidies
system ()ic) )as lea!a"es in t)e distribution system=ey ne+er reac) t)e
)ouse)olds=
I**(0+5)'1
Illiteracy is a condition ()ic) becomes a blot on t)e de+elopment of nation= India
possesses t)e lar"est illiterate population= Illiteracy in India is a problem ()ic) )as
complex dimensions attac)ed to it= Illiteracy in India is more or less concerned (it)
different forms of disparities t)at exist in t)e country=ere are "ender imbalances2
income imbalances2 state imbalances2 caste imbalances2 tec)nolo"ical barriers ()ic)
s)ape t)e literacy rates t)at exist in t)e country=e Indian "o+ernment t)ou") )as
launc)ed se+eral sc)emes to combat t)e menace of illiteracy but due to t)e poor
conditions of sanitation and expensi+e pri+ate education and defecti+e mid;day meal
sc)emes2 illiteracy still pre+ails= Not only t)e "o+ernment2 but e+ery literate person
needs to accept t)e eradication of illiteracy as a personal "oal= Eac) and e+ery
contribution by a literate person can ma!e a contribution to eradicate t)e menace=
C7(*2 *)/&45
/)ild labour typically means t)e employment of c)ildren in any (or! (it) or
4
(it)out payment= /)ild labour is not only limited to India2 it )appens to be a "lobal
p)enomenon= #s far as India is concerned2 t)e issue is a +icious one as c)ildren in
India )a+e )istorically been )elpin" parents at t)eir farms and ot)er primiti+e
acti+ities= O+er population2 illiteracy2 po+erty2 debt trap are some of t)e common
causes ()ic) are instrumental in t)is issue= O+erburdened2 debt;trapped parents fail to
understand t)e importance of a normal c)ild)ood under t)e pressures of t)eir o(n
troubles and t)us it leads to t)e poor emotional and mental balance of a c)ild’s brain
()ic) is not prepared to underta!e ri"orous field or domestic tas!s= Dultinational
companies also recruit c)ildren in "arment industries for more (or! and less pay
()ic) is absolutely unet)ical= /)ild labour as a "lobal concern )as been raised on
international platforms as (ell= #bolition of c)ild traffic!in"2 elimination of po+erty2
free and compulsory education2 and basic standards of li+in" can reduce t)e problem
to a "reat extent=e -orld and2 International Donetary 8und can )elp in
eradicatin" po+erty by pro+idin" loan to t)e de+elopin" countries= Strict
implementation of labour la(s is also essential in order to pre+ent exploitation by
parties or multinational companies=
India is sadly t)e )ome to t)e lar"est number of c)ild labourers in t)e (orld=e
census found an increase in t)e number of c)ild labourers from 11=1E million in 1**1
to 11=5* million in 1FF1= D=,= 8oundation in #nd)ra Prades) found nearly 4FF2FFF
c)ildren2 mostly "irls bet(een se+en and 14 years of a"e2 toilin" for 14;16 )ours a
day in cottonseed production across t)e country of ()ic) *FG are employed in
#nd)ra Prades)= /)ild Aabour in India 4FG of t)e labour in a precious stone cuttin"
sector is c)ildren= NGOs )a+e disco+ered t)e use of c)ild labourers in minin" industry
in ellary 0istrict in 7arnata!a in spite of a )ars) ban on t)e same= In urban areas
t)ere is a )i") employment of c)ildren in t)e <ari and embroidery industry=
L)'8 &9 E24')0(&. 0& -&&5
India is a country (it) more t)an one billion people2 and Cust one;t)ird of t)em
can read= Rapidly "ro(in" si<e of population2 s)orta"es of teac)ers2 boo!s2 and basic
facilities2 and insufficient public funds to co+er education costs are some of t)e
nation’s tou")est c)allen"es=is is ()ere /)ildren in India are facin" t)e basic
c)allen"es= #ccordin" to a study2 more t)an 3FG of educational funds are allocated
to(ards )i")er education2 lea+in" t)e primary education in India in s(ay=
India is fourt) amon" t)e top 1F nations (it) t)e )i")est numbers of out;of
c)ildren in primary le+el= 8urt)ermore2 t)e rate of sc)ool drop;outs amon"st students
is +ery )i")= One of t)e main reasons be)ind t)is is po+erty= -)en earnin" a
li+eli)ood and ta!in" care of t)e members of t)e family becomes a primary matter of
concern in one’s life2 education stands a little or2 +ery often2 no c)ance of pursuance=
5
8or t)e underpri+ile"ed people in India2 education is percei+ed as a )i");priced
luxury2 and t)is ne"ati+e outloo! continues on (it) e+ery ne( "eneration=
# disproportionate number of total out;of;sc)ool c)ildren in India are "irls= -)at
denies e>ual opportunities of c)ildren are serious social issues t)at )a+e arose out of
caste2 class and "ender differences=e practice of c)ild labour in India and resistance
to sendin" "irls to sc)ool in se+eral parts of t)e country remain as "enuine concerns=
If t)e current trend continues2 millions of underpri+ile"ed c)ildren (ill probably
ne+er set foot in a classroom=
India’s "ro(t) relies on a (ell;educated and s!illed (or!force= Impro+in"
education is a critical area of in+estment= # s)abby foundation in primary education
can o+erturn t)e li+es2 careers and producti+ity of millions of its citi<ens= #lready2 a
considerable proportion of t)e adult (or!force in India is acutely under;e>uipped to
be eli"ible for s!illed and semi;s!illed Cobs= In order to build India as a consumer
mar!et of "lobal standards2 it is +ery important t)at e+ery c)ild reaps t)e benefits of
>uality education=
I6-&50).'+ &9 E24')0(&.
Education is most important amon" all of us= Education plays a +ery important
role in your life= 8or li+in" a luxurious life or for li+in" a better life2 you s)ould be
educated= Education is t)at ()ic) transforms a person to li+e a better life and e+en in
a social (ell bein"= Education is t)e one t)at doin" somet)in" constructi+e in our near
future= It )elps a person to s)o( t)eir best by t)eir mind and spirit= It "i+es you a lot
of !no(led"e in ()ate+er aspects= In today?s competiti+e (orld education is necessity
for man after food2 clot)in"2 and s)elter= Education is t)e solution of any problem=
8ocus s)ould be on (omen?s education because t)e !no(led"e and empo(erment of
one (oman can brin" about a c)an"e in a family and e+en t)e society as a ()ole= It is
t)e uneducated and illiterate people ()o t)in! (omen are not entitled to education= #
person becomes perfect (it) education as )e is not only "ainin" somet)in" from it2
but also contributin" to t)e "ro(t) of a nation= -e must reali<e t)e importance of
education= -e must aim to ensure t)at eac) citi<en of our nation is educated and
independent=
6
A/&40 U,
# secular2 Dumbai ; based non ; profit or"anisation2 SNE%# belie+es t)at in+estin"
in (omenHs )ealt) is essential to buildin" +iable urban communities= SNE%# tar"ets
four lar"e public )ealt) areas ; Daternal and Ne(born %ealt)2 /)ild %ealt) and
Nutrition2 Sexual and Reproducti+e %ealt) and Pre+ention of ,iolence a"ainst
-omen and /)ildren=
T7+ SNEHA S0&51
It (as t)e 1**Fs2 and li!e so many ot)er neonatolo"ists in t)e country2 0r=
#rmida 8ernande< and )er team (ere spendin" countless )ours in t)e NI/6 sa+in"
li+es of under(ei")t and premature infants born to mot)ers from t)e urban slums=
ese mot)ers (ere typically un)ealt)y t)emsel+es and )ad no !no(led"e on )o( to
be )ealt)y2 mana"e )ealt)y pre"nancies or to !eep t)eir c)ildren )ealt)y= #fter all t)e
efforts t)at (ent into sa+in" t)ese infantHs li+es2 releasin" t)em into t)ese uninformed
and impo+eris)ed en+ironments (as a bi" concern
=
0r= 8ernande< reco"ni<ed t)at t)e only solution to brea!in" t)is +icious cycle (as
to empo(er t)ese (omen (it) t)e information and tools t)ey needed to build
)ealt)ier families= -it) t)at obCecti+e in mind2 a small team of neonatolo"ists started
"oin" out into t)e slums of 0)ara+i to educate (omen on subCects li!e nutrition2 ante
natal care2 t)e importance of deli+erin" babies in )ospitals2 breast feedin" and
immuni<ations=e team reali<ed t)at t)e (omen (ere star+ed for informationI t)ey
Cust )ad no access to it in t)e past=ey not only soa!ed in all t)e information t)ey
(ere "i+en but also lost no time in puttin" t)at !no(led"e to practical use= #nd
SNE%# (as born=
'
day2 SNE%# is a 35FJ person stron" and pro"ressi+e or"ani<ation t)at (or!s
closely (it) t)e Dunicipal /orporation of Greater Dumbai= -e do inno+ati+e (or! in
t)e urban slums to reduce maternal mortality2 ne(born mortality2 malnutrition and
domestic +iolence= #nd at our core remains t)e belief t)at t)e cycle of ill )ealt) can
and must be bro!en by creatin" an urban society ()ose foundation is built on a
)ealt)y and empo(ered populace=
#t SNE%#2 (e continue to c)ase t)e dream of B%ealt)y -omen and /)ildren
populatin" a %ealt)y 6rban -orldB=
V(,(&.
%ealt)y -omen and /)ildren for a %ealt)y 6rban -orld
O45 M(,,(&.
-e (or! in partners)ip (it) communities and )ealt) systems buildin" effecti+e and
replicable solutions2 empo(erin" (omen and t)eir families in urban slums to impro+e
t)eir )ealt)=
E
O45 V)*4+,
? Nurture
? ,aluin" e+ery person
? /ommitment
? :rust
? Excellence
O45 USP
? 15 years of trusted financial control=
? Resource center for )ealt) issues of (omen and c)ildren in urban slums=
? Pro+en trac! record of (or!in" (it) public systems for sustainability=
? E+idence ; dri+enK 6ni+ersity /olle"e Aondon as full;time researc) partner
? oard and mana"ement teams representin" leadin" medical2 public )ealt) and
mana"ement professionals
O45 A--5&)'7
Its approac) is t(o pron"edK it reco"ni<es t)at in order to impro+e urban )ealt)
standards2 its initiati+es must tar"et bot) care see!ers and care pro+iders= It (or!s at
t)e community le+el to empo(er (omen and slum communities to be catalysts of
c)an"e in t)eir o(n ri")t and collaborate (it) existin" public )ealt) systems and
)ealt) care pro+iders to create sustainable impro+ements in urban )ealt)=
O45 W&58
M)0+5.)* N+:/&5. H+)*07
SNE%#Hs Daternal and Ne(born %ealt) 3DN%4 pro"ram see!s to impro+e
pre"nancy care for lo(;income (omen by (or!in" (it) bot) t)e public )ealt)care
system and t)e communities=
W&58(.;
07 07+ -4/*(' 7+)*07')5+ ,1,0+6K ; (or!s (it) public )ospitals to map
*
and establis) referral net(or!s and promote appropriate care for (omen (it)
potential complications= SNE%# also collaborates (it) municipal )ealt) posts to
standardi<e primary ante and post;natal ser+ices and build capacity of t)eir outreac)
(or!ers=
E24')0(.; 34*.+5)/*+ ,*46 '&664.(0(+,Krou") )ome +isits2 community
meetin"s2 and formation of community )ealt) committees2 SNE%# en"a"es pre"nant
mot)ers and t)eir families to promote utili<ation of public ser+ices for mot)ers and
ne(borns and impro+e t)eir !no(led"e of ante; and post;natal dan"er si"ns2 maternal
nutrition2 appropriate c)ild feedin" practice2 and family plannin" met)ods=
I6-)'0 0& D)0+
O+er t)e last fi+e years 31FF* ; 1F1442
? #ssisted at least 1124F1 pre"nant (omen (it) potential complications t)rou")
SNE%#;initiated referral net(or!s=
? Reac)ed out to nearly 4245E pre"nant (omen t)rou") )ome +isits2 pro+idin"
periodic counselin" durin" pre"nancy and after c)ildbirt)=
? :rained o+er 32FFF public )ealt)care pro+iders 3cumulati+e4 on clinical
aspects of maternal and neonatal care and effecti+e communication=
? :rained o+er 12*FF "o+ernment outreac) (or!ers 3cumulati+e4 to address
maternal and neonatal )ealt) in communities=
E.2&5,+6+.0
? Reco"ni<ed as official partner of t)e State Go+ernment of Da)aras)tra and
Dunicipal /orporations of Greater Dumbai2ane2 7alyan 0ombi+ali and
Dira )ayander
? #ppointed as NGO representati+e on t)e committee for implementation of
Pre;/onception and Pre;Natal 0ia"nostic :ec)ni>ues 3P/PN0:4 #ct in Dira
)ayander=
P5+3+.0(&. &9 V(&*+.'+ A
(.,0 W&6+. C7(*25+.
SNE%#Hs P,-/ Pro"ram builds a "ender;sensiti+e society t)at responds to and
pre+ents "ender;based +iolence in urban areasK;
? /risis Inter+entionK ; SNE%#Hs crisis centres pro+ide immediate and lon";term
counsellin" for t)e sur+i+ors of +iolence and facilitate access to medical2 le"al
1F
and police ser+ices=
? Sensitisation of Public Sector -or!ersK; SNE%# trains police officers and
public )ospital staff on t)e needs of (omen and c)ildren in distress= SNE%#
also de+elops and )elps implement protocols for public systems to promote
pro+ision of ade>uate and timely care for sur+i+ors=
? /ommunity DobilisationK ; SNE%# )as establis)ed a net(or! of community;
based (omen +olunteers monitorin" t)e safety of (omen and c)ildren2 (or!s
(it) men to pre+ent +iolence2 and )as introduced tec)nolo"y to cro(d;source
cases of +iolence=
E6-&:+56+.0< H+)*07 ).2 S+=4)*(01 9&5 A2&*+,'+.0, >EHSAS?
SNE%#Hs E%S#S initiati+e aims to address t)e )ealt) and (ellbein" of adolescents
and yout)2 and transform t)em into )ealt)y2 "ender;sensiti+e and responsible citi<ens=
I6-)'0 0& D)0+
Since 1FF12
? #ddressed o+er 42FFF cases of +iolence=
? :rained and sensiti<ed 425FF police officers and cadets in Dumbai=
? :rained o+er 121FF public )ospital staff to identify +iolence +ictims amon"
patients=
? Pro+ided )ealt) and life s!ills education to o+er 1F2FFF adolescents and yout)=
? Pro+ided +ocational trainin" to o+er 12FFF yout)=
E.2&5,+6+.0
? /ollaborates (it) t)e 0istrict Ae"al #id Ser+ices #ut)ority 30A#S#4 to
pro+ide free le"al aid=
? %eld t)e secretariat of t)e Da)aras)tra state c)apter of t)e #D#N Net(or! in
1F11 ; 1F13=
? /o+ered by 16 media articles in 1F13 ; 1F14=
11
D&6+,0(' V(&*+.'+
R+'&;.(,(.; A/4,+
0omestic +iolence )as many forms of abuse includin" p)ysical2 emotional2 sexual and
financial= It could be perpetrated by eit)er your partner or any of your family
members 3eit)er your natal family or your matrimonial family4= If you t)in! some of
t)e statements are applicable to your situation2 you may be a sur+i+or of +iolence=
%o( SNE%# can %elp
If you are @ someone you !no( is facin" +iolence and a resident of Dumbai2 you can
"et in touc) (it) SNE%# by +isitin" us at +arious locations across t)e city 3see t)e
/ontact 6s pa"e for details4=
If you are not a resident of t)e city2 you can email or call us for )elp=
SNE%# )elps (omen facin" domestic +iolence2 sexual +iolence and sexual
)arassment2 and c)ildren facin" sexual abuse=
W7)0 7+*- :+ &99+5
In a crisis situation2 (e
? Pro+ide emotional support=
? #ssist you in filin" a police complaintI connect you (it) t)e )ospital@doctor in
case you need medical )elp=
? /onnect you to immediate support ser+ices li!e a s)elter=
-e offer you counselin" ser+ices 3no c)ar"es4=
? Indi+idual counsellin"=
? /ouple counsellin"=
? 8amily counsellin"=
11
? Psyc)o;t)erapeutic ser+ices 3/o"niti+e e)a+iouralerapy and Relaxation erapy4=
-e )a+e t(o la(yers ()o pro+ide le"al counsellin"2 )elp you prepare your court
case2 and net(or! (it) t)e 0istrict 8ree Ae"al #id Ser+ices for le"al ser+ices relatin"
to your case=
-e assist you in filin" Non;/o"nisable Offences 3N/s4 or 8irst Information Reports
38=I=R=s4 at t)e police station=
-e connect you (it) specialised ser+ices li!e psyc)iatrists2 clinical psyc)olo"ists2
s)elters2 )omes and )ostels as per your needs=
E+eryone )as t)e ri")t to li+e a life free of +iolence= No one s)ould )a+e to suffer= -e
can pro+ide assistance and "uide you2 but2 remember2 it is only you ()o can )elp
yourself=
SNE%# ensures confidentiality of t)e (oman sur+i+or of +iolence=
C7(*2 H+)*07 N405(0(&.
SNE%#Hs /)ild %ealt) and Nutrition pro"ram launc)ed its #a)ar 3a (ord ()ic)
means BfoodB in %indi4 proCect in October 1F11 in 0)ara+i2 one of t)e lar"est slums
in #sia=e proCect aims to impro+e t)e )ealt) and nutrition status of c)ildren under 3
years of a"e t)rou")K;
? Ri"orous screenin" and early identification of malnouris)ed c)ildren=
? /ombinations of )ospital care2 /ommunity;based Dana"ement of #cute
Dalnutrition 3/D#D4 and referrals=
? Re"ular follo(;up and monitorin"=
e proCect co+ers an estimated population of 3FF2FFF in 0)ara+i2 and is
implemented in partners)ip (it) t)e -orld an!;financed Inte"rated /)ild
0e+elopment Sc)eme 3I/0S4 and Dunicipal /orporation of Greater Dumbai
3D/GD4=
13
I6-)'0 0& D)0+
e proCect co+ersK;
? 142FFF under;3 malnouris)ed c)ildren=
? 421FF pre"nant and lactatin" mot)ers=
? 3FF I/0S outreac) (or!ers=
? Screened about 142FFF c)ildren under 3 years for malnutrition in 0)ara+i=
? /ounseled 41FF pre"nant (omen on #ntenatal /are 3#N/4 and Infant and
Loun" /)ild 8eedin" practices 3IL/84=
? Reduced (astin" in less t)an 1 yr old c)ildren by 1EG bet(een 1F11?1F14=
? Pro+ides continuous trainin" and capacity buildin" to o+er 5FF "o+ernment
)ealt) (or!ers2 impro+in" upta!e of Go+ernment H:a!e %ome RationsH to
pre"nant (omen and c)ildren by 4FG=
E.2&5,+6+.0
? -or!s in close partners)ip (it) Inte"rated /)ild 0e+elopment Sc)eme
3I/0S42 a national initiati+e financed by t)e -orld an!=
? Partners (it) 6NI/E8 on tec)nical matters=
E6-&:+56+.0< H+)*07 S+=4)*(01 A6&.;,0 A2&*+,'+.0, >EHSAS?
14
A2&*+,'+.0 H+)*07 ).2 E6-&:+56+.0
G&)*
empo(er youn" "irls and boys 311;14 years4 (it) t)e !no(led"e and capacity to
ma!e informed c)oices about t)eir )ealt) and (ell bein"=
O/A+'0(3+,
? increase )ealt) a(areness and positi+e )ealt) be)a+iours t)rou") peer
"roup learnin" sessions2 life s!ills education and community en"a"ement=
? enable economic empo(erment t)rou") +ocational trainin"=
? create adolescent ad+ocates in t)e community=
? ensure continued support t)rou") formation of parent "roups and follo( up
beyond t)e pro"ram=
H&: :+ :&58
e pro"ram co+ers 55FF boys and "irls in t)e a"e "roup 11 to 14 years across 3
municipal (ards t)rou") t)e #dolescents Gainin" Ground 3#GG4 proCect and t(o
community resource centers called #ro"yamitra 7endras=e pro"ram is deli+ered by
trained facilitators ()o are (omen from t)e same communities as t)e beneficiaries=
e pro"ram is located across t)e +ulnerable communities of 0)ara+i2 G)at!opar2
,i!)roli and 7andi+ali=
I.0+53+.0(&. A--5&)'7 / D+,(;. / M+07&2&*&;1
e pro"ram ta!es a compre)ensi+e approac) and inter+ention includesK;
? /lassroom based sessions on )ealt) and life s!ills education=
? eyond t)e classroom sessions K field +isits to t)e local %ealt) Post2 mar!et2
and police station2 community e+ents usin" art2 t)eatre @ street plays and sports
acti+ities=
? ,ocational trainin"K /omputer literacy2 Spo!en En"lis)2 eautician trainin"2
Dobile repair2 Nurse #ide course2 De)endi class and Stitc)in"=
? Dont)ly mot)ers @ parent "roup meetin"s=
? #lumni meetin"s for follo( up=
15
E+aluation is done t)rou") pre and post sur+eys2 and a six;mont) retention sur+ey2
and case stories documentin" be)a+ioral c)an"e= Muality of +ocational trainin"
classes is monitored by t)e team on a re"ular basis=
U.(B4+.+,, &9 07+ P5&;5)6
e pro"ram is uni>ue in (or!in" e>ually (it) boys and )as recei+ed an
o+er()elmin" response from t)e community=e model is )i")ly replicable and )as
allo(ed fast expansion and increased beneficiary co+era"e= Partners)ips (it) local
+endors2 corporate and pri+ate sc)ools )as lent itself to inno+ati+e +olunteerin"
opportunities and exc)an"e pro"rams=
A'7(+3+6+.0,
? Pro+ided )ealt) and life s!ills education to o+er 1F2FFF adolescents and yout)=
? Pro+ided +ocational trainin" to o+er 52FFF yout)=
? Percenta"e increase in !no(led"e on "ender and )ealt) amon"st adolescents
(as 1FG and 11G in of our inter+ention areas=
? #naemia pilot study initiated amon" 3FF adolescents=
? 8ormation of 1F +olunteer yout) "roups2 in+ol+in" about 11F c)ildren for
reporta"e on pre+ention on +iolence and community ad+ocacy=
16
SNEHA C+.05+
SNE%# operates 1F inte"rated community )ealt) centers 3SNE%# /enters4 in t)e
)i")ly +ulnerable D@East and A -ards of Dumbai= SNE%# /enters offer a pac!a"e
of inte"rated ser+ices2 spannin" family plannin"2 maternal and neonatal )ealt)2 c)ild
nutrition and )ealt)2 and pre+ention of +iolence a"ainst (omen and c)ildren=
e SNE%# /entres proCect is a randomi<ed controlled trial ()ere in )ealt)
indicators (ill be compared amon" 1F areas (it) SNE%# centers inter+entions (it)
t)ose in 1F similar unmatc)ed areas=e outcomes (ill be assessed t)rou") a
)ouse)old census to be completed in 1F152 after 1 years of inter+ention= # process
e+aluation is currently under(ay to complement t)e census findin"s=
W7)0 W+ A225+,, T75&4;7 SNEHA C+.0+5,
P5(6)51 O40'&6+,
? 6nmet need for family plannin" in (omen a"ed 15 to 4* years=
? /omplete immuni<ation of c)ildren under 5 years of a"e=
? -astin" 3(ei")t for )ei")t4 of c)ildren under 5 years of a"e=
S+'&.2)51 O40'&6+,
? Number of consultations for +iolence a"ainst (omen or c)ildren=
? Institutional deli+eries for birt)s=
? #dolescent pre"nancies amon" (omen under 1* years of a"e=
? Stuntin" 3)ei")t for a"e 4 of c)ildren under 5 years of a"e=
? 6nder(ei")t 3(ei")t for a"e 4 of c)ildren under 5 years of a"e=
? Proportion of c)ildren ()o recei+ed c)ild de+elopment support from I/0S
centers=
? Initiation of breastfeedin" (it)in 1 )our of birt)=
? Exclusi+e breastfeedin" under 6 mont)s=
1'
T7+ M&2+*
e concept of SNE%# /enters re+ol+es around effecti+e deli+ery of bundled
inter+entions addressin" inter;"enerational cycles of poor )ealt) in urban slums=
SNE%# /enters (or! (it) infants2 c)ildren2 adolescents2 mot)ers2 and men and
(omen of reproducti+e a"e=e ultimate "oal is to create BSNE%# familiesB N model
families ()ose members demonstrate optimal and informed )ealt);see!in" be)a+iors
(it)in +ulnerable communities=e p)ysical base (it)in +ulnerable slums are
expected to impro+e t)e fre>uency and >uality of interaction bet(een t)e community
and SNE%# staff2 impro+in" SNE%#?s ability to tac!le t)e problems faced by t)e
community=
SNEHA S7)80(
SNE%# S)a!ti is a bou>uet of ser+ices for different demo"rap)ics=
SNE%# S)a!ti imparts +ocational s!ills to adolescent "irls 3Nurse ; #ide proCect42
)olistic )ealt)care to senior citi<ens2 Out Patient 0epartment 3OP04 facilities2
facilitatin" cardiac care for c)ildren under 11 years 3%eart to %eart proCect4=
CE6-&:+56+.0 &9 W&6+. )0 SNEHAC
1E
e )ealt)care sector is one of t)e fastest "ro(in" industries and t)e demand for
>uality )ealt)care )as been increasin" steadily= #ccordin" to "lobal nursin" statistics
publis)ed in 1F1F2 t)e demand for nursin" assistants is "ro(in" at an annual rate of
1*G2 )i")er t)an t)e demand for >ualified nurses=is is due to t)e "ro(in"
population of senior citi<ens needin" care and t)e demand for a >uic! turnaround time
in )ospitalsis s)orta"e2 combined (it) t)e "ro(in" demand for >uality )ealt) care
)as made pro"rams li!e S(ast)ya Se+i!a an important means of pro+idin" economic
opportunity for out of sc)ool adolescent "irls2 ()ile fulfillin" an existin" need=
SNE%#Hs S(ast)ya Se+i!a initiati+e (as started by SNE%# in 1FF4=
1* batc)es )a+e successfully completed and 46* S(ast)ya Se+i!a trained@under
trainin" from t)e SNE%# Nurse #ide /entre at Santacru<= SNE%# )as since added 1
ne( centres= One in Go+andi and t)e ot)er in 7andi+ali=e Go+andi centre (as
started in #u" 1F13=e present batc)2 academic year 39uly 1F14 ; 9une 1F154 )as '5
students=e 7andi+ali /entre t)at (as started in #u"2 1F14 )as 31 students=
e maCority of t)e "raduates are employed in )ospitals and Nursin" )omes=
eir li+es )a+e been c)an"ed as t)ey ma!e forays into a career and stand on t)eir
feet=
SNE%#Hs S(ast)yaSe+i!a initiati+e (as started by SNE%# in 1FF4 and until no( 1'
batc)es )a+e successfully completed and 3FF S(ast)yaSe+i!a trained from SNE%#
premises at Santacru<=e maCority of t)em are employed
=
-e !eep abreast of current trends and practices of Nurse ; aides t)rou") our net(or!
of doctors and nurses at )ospitals and nursin" )omes=e learnin"?s )a+e prompted
SNE%# to introduce basic computer classes and En"lis) spea!in" classes for t)e
batc)es at Santa /ru< t)ereby ma!in" t)e course more )olistic in nature=
CD4(*0+,,+.0()**1 SNEHAC
Muiltessentially SNE%# proCect (as conceptualised and initiated in October 1FF*=
e proCect aims to teac) (omen from t)e adCoinin" slums a +ariety of s!ills and also
pro+ide t)em (it) "ainful employment=
It (as started as a pilot proCect since SNE%# stron"ly ad+ocates financial
independence as an ideal (ay to empo(er (omen=us far2 t)e proCect )as primarily
depended on fabric donations from (ell (is)ers coupled (it) creati+e inputs from t)e
ProCect 0irector= It in+ol+es educatin" t)e (omen in t)e basics of stitc)in" and use of
se(in" mac)ines=e fla"s)ip products are sil! and cotton patc)(or! >uilts and )a+e
been di+ersified to ba"s2 table linen2 cus)ion co+ers2 curtains etc in order to use all t)e
material optimally=e patc)(or! >uilts are in uni>ue desi"ns suc) t)at no t(o >uilts
are similar=e patc)(or! also symboli<es ()at SNE%# stands for i=e= (ea+in"
1*
to"et)er of li+es and communities in t)e areas (e ser+e=e products are sold from
t)e site as (ell as t)rou") sales at corporate )ouses=
Muiltessentially Lours is SNE%#Hs Ai+eli)ood pro"ram t)at empo(ers (omen to
stren"t)en t)eir pi+otal position in t)e family= It )elps to en)ance t)eir self esteem by
teac)in" t)em to stitc) . ma!e different patc)(or! products suc) as >uilt2 ba"s2 ru"s2
)ome linen etc= -e )a+e s)o(cased and sold at Spars)2 Radiocity2 Edel(eiss2
/ymro<a #rt Gallery 2 Sanofi2 Rabo ban!2 2 Indi!aleido2 Indo ; German2Saldan)a
Dillion Race at t)e Da)alaxmi Race /ourse 2 /at)edral Sc)ool2 7ala G)oda2 Roc!
8or a cause27innari /ultural /entre2te on t)e :urf2 #rt Dart2 Oberoi International
Sc)ool2 Ecole Dondiale Sc)ool to name a fe(=
Our products are appreciated by o+erseas clientele too= One of our interns from 67
remar!ed B-is) our ba""a"e allo(ance (as more= -ould )a+e bou")t t)e ()ole
stoc!=e colours are so di"nifiedB=
OUR WORK
Or"anised by SNE%#2 t)e 0)ara+i iennale aims to combine art and science2 to
)i")li")t t)e contribution of t)e people of 0)ara+i to India?s economic and cultural
life2 and to s)are information on urban )ealt)=e iennale in+ites 0)ara+i residents
to meet2 educate t)emsel+es on urban )ealt)2 learn ne( s!ills2 and produce
c)allen"in" art(or!s= It is collaboration bet(een artists of all !inds2 scientists and
acti+ists to de+elop locally resonant art(or!s t)at are aut)entic2 )onest and rele+ant=
1F
Aocated on *F 8eet Road in t)e )eart of 0)ara+i2 t)e /olour ox is our )ubK a
meetin" place2 (or!s)op space2 and "allery= #ll our #rtboxes are )eld at t)e /olour
ox2 alon" (it) s!ill de+elopment acti+ities and meetin"s of SNE%#Hs community
teams= It (ill be t)e base for +isitors to t)e #lley Galli iennale2 ()o (ill be able to
see art(or!s and t)en mo+e on to ot)er sites in 0)ara+i=e facade (as painted
by NDE Graffiti and Ra!es) 7unc)i!or+e from Slum"ods2 ()o use t)e /olour ox
H&: W+ I6-)'0
M)0+5.)* N+:/&5. H+)*07
? #ssisted o+er 112FFF referred pre"nant (omen (it) potential complications to
deli+er safely t)rou") SNE%#;initiated referral net(or!s=
? Reac)ed out to nearly 425FF pre"nant (omen t)rou") )ome +isits2 pro+idin"
periodic counsellin" durin" pre"nancy and after c)ildbirt)=
? :rained o+er 32FFF public )ealt)care pro+iders 3doctors and nurses4 on clinical
aspects of maternal and neonatal care and effecti+e communication=
? :rained o+er 12*FF "o+ernment outreac) (or!ers o+er t)e years to address
maternal and neonatal )ealt) in communities=
C7(*2 H+)*07 N405(0(&.
11
? Screened about 142FFF c)ildren under 3 years c)ildren for malnutrition in
0)ara+i
? =/ounsel 41FF pre"nant (omen on #ntenatal /are 3#N/4 and Infant and
Loun" /)ild 8eedin" indicators 3IL/84=
? Reduced (astin" in less t)an 1 year old c)ildren by 1EG bet(een 1F11 ; 1F14=
? Pro+ides continuous trainin" and capacity buildin" to o+er 5FF "o+ernment
)ealt) (or!ers2 impro+in" upta!e of Go+ernment H:a!e %ome RationsH to
pre"nant (omen and c)ildren by 4FG=
E6-&:+56+.0< H+)*07 S+=4)*(01 A6&.;,0 A2&*+,'+.0, >EHSAS?
? Pro+ided )ealt) and life s!ills education to o+er 1F2FFF adolescents and yout)=
? Pro+ided +ocational trainin" to o+er 52FFF yout)=
? Percenta"e increase in !no(led"e on "ender and )ealt) amon"st adolescents
(as 1FG and 11G in of of our inter+ention areas=
? #naemia pilot study initiated amon" 3FF adolescents=
? 8ormation of 1F +olunteer yout) "roups2 in+ol+in" about 11F c)ildren for
reporta"e on pre+ention on +iolence and community ad+ocacy=
P5+3+.0(&. &9 V(&*+.'+ A(.,0 W&6+. C7(*25+.
? #ddressed o+er 52FFF cases of +iolence=
? :rained and sensiti<ed 425FF police officers and cadets in Dumbai=
? :rained o+er 121FF public )ospital staff to identify +iolence +ictims amon"
patients=
? Set up 3 -omenHs OP0s in lar"e public )ospitals for counsellin" and crisis
inter+ention=
? 3FF /ommunity -omen +olunteers 3San"inis4 trained to identify2 inter+ene
and refer cases of Gender ased ,iolence 3G,4=
? -or! (it) 11F men to identify to inter+ene and liase (it) t)e public system to report
cases of sexual +iolence in t)e public domain=
O45 !4.2+5,
11
O45 P)50.+5,
13
R+'&66+.2)0(&.
8rom all t)e information "at)ered and pro+ided in t)e report it can be seen t)at
$SNE%#& )as done an commendable Cob in pro+idin" t)e (omen . c)ildren t)eir
basic ri")ts of a )ealt)y . +iolence free society ()erein t)ey can li+e )appily= I
(ould li!e to su""est t)em t)at t)ey s)ould also raise a(areness for ot)er inCustices
done to (omen li!e do(ry )arassments2 rapes etc so t)at t)e sur+i+ors can lead a
peaceful life in t)eir leaders)ip=
Ot)er NGOs (or!in" for (omen and c)ildren
14
E8A40E, M(,,(&.
E!Cut (ill (or! in t)e districts in India for t)e impro+ement of maternal2 ne(born2
c)ild )ealt) and nutrition of partnerin" underser+ed2mar"inalised communities2
t)rou") t)eir empo(erment2 community based inter+entions and influence "ood
"o+ernance for impro+in" access and >uality of ser+ices=is (ill be done t)rou")
collaboratin" (it) leadin" a"encies for buildin" our researc) capacities to stren"t)en
e+idence base2 dissemination of findin"s2 en"a"ement (it) "o+ernment and net(or!s
E8A40E, V(,(&.
$E>uity and en+ironmentally sustainable de+elopment are at t)e )eart of our +ision of
a better and )ealt)ier (orld
? a (orld ()ere e+ery )uman bein" )as a ri")t to life (it) di"nity2
? a (orld t)at respects and celebrates e+ery life and di+ersity .
? one ()ere t)e +oice of it?s people "uide t)e decisions t)at s)ape t)e >uality of
our li+es&
G4(2(.; P5(.'(-*+,
? -or! (ill al(ays be (it) participation of concerned communities2 starin"
from identification of issues to e+aluation of(or!=
? Respect peoples 7no(led"e systems and abilities=
? Ensurin" community accountability and transparency=
? elief t)at (omen s)ould )a+e more t)an an e>ual s)are@say=
? Reco"nition t)at t)e state )as t)e primary responsibility for ensurin" e>uity
and Custice to all=
? Stren"t)enin" democratic practices
O45 W&58
H+)*07
Impro+in" maternal and ne(born )ealt) in depri+ed rural areas of 9)ar!)and and
Orissa t)rou") empo(erment of tribal communities?
In collaboration with International Perinatal Care Unit (IPU) of Institute of Child Health,
Funded by Health Foundation, London,
O45 -)50.+5(.; C&664.(0(+,- e!Cut?s (or! is (it) isolated communities2
predominantly belon"in" to t)e %o2 Sant)al2 Oraon2 9uan"2 Dunda and )uyian
tribal communities2 as (ell as socially disad+anta"ed non;tribal people li+in"
amon"st t)em=ese tribal "roups spea! many different lan"ua"es2 but t)ey s)are
certain common c)aracteristics=ey sur+i+e on subsistence farmin" and forest
produce2 supplemented by (a"e labour=ey li+e in +illa"es and small )amlets as
clans and families= Dany )a+e !ept +ery old traditions and e+ery facet of t)eir life
15
supernatural place of (ors)ip is t)e sacred "ro+es= It is t)ese aspects of t)eir
culture t)at "i+e meanin" and dept) to t)eir li+es2 and solidarity to t)eir social
structure=eir )ealt) conditions are accentuated by (idespread po+erty2 illiteracy2
malaria and malnutrition=
0e+elopment c)allen"es are furt)er exacerbated by t)e topo"rap)y of t)e area in
()ic) e!Cut (or!s2 so most sic! mot)ers and ne(borns rarely reac) a )ealt)
facility=ere are )i") le+els of maternal and ne(born mortality in rural tribal
communities and many of t)ese deat)s may be pre+ented (it) a better
understandin" of (ays to approac) problems (it)in t)e community=
T7+ 075++ 05)'8 )--5&)'7 (.3&*3+,:
W&58(.;07 :&6+.E, ;5&4-,
/onscious of t)e fact t)at inter+entions t)at empo(er "roups are more effecti+e and
scalable t)an indi+idually tar"eted )ealt) education pro"rammes and mobili<ation of
(omen?s "roups to impro+e )ealt) status of a population remains an essentially
untapped resource2 a )ealt) promotion inter+ention t)rou") (omen?s "roup (as
de+eloped=
16
P(*&0(.;@is participatory process of inter+ention (as piloted in t)ree +illa"es by a
local (oman c)osen as a facilitator=e learnin"?s from t)e pilotin" p)ase (ere
incorporated into t)e manual t)at (as used in t)e proCect=
T5)(.(.; &9 9)'(*(0)0&5,: Ei")teen facilitators c)osen from local communities (ent
t)rou") trainin" in facilitation tec)ni>ues and participatory modes of communication
for conductin" t)ese meetin"s and also inputs to address issues of pre"nancy2
c)ildbirt) and ne(born )ealt)=
T7+ I.0+53+.0(&.:rou") a series of interactions at t)e mont)ly meetin"s t)e
facilitator ta!es t)e (omen?s "roup t)rou") a ‘10 meeting Participatory Learning &
Action Cycle’ Ain!= S)e encoura"es t)e (omen to discuss about t)e maternal and
ne(born problems usin" +isual aids li!e picture cards and at t)e end of t)e ten
meetin"s t)ey are able to prioriti<e t)eir problems and find appropriate strate"ies and
solutions to be implemented for t)e same= #t t)e culmination of t)e ten meetin"s a
community meetin" is )eld to inform t)e lar"er community about )o( t)e (omen
O.@;&(.; (.0+53+.0(&.:is potentially sustainable )ealt) promotion inter+ention is
no( bein" tried (it) more t)an 11F (omen?s "roups across t)ree districts= Dost of
t)ese "roups are no( implementin" t)e strate"ies t)at t)ey )ad de+eloped= Street
plays2 puppetry2 and storytellin" (ere Cust some of t)e inno+ati+e approac)es used by
t)e (omen?s "roup members durin" t)e community meetin"s to inform t)e lar"er
community about t)eir acti+ities
# system of identifyin" e+ery mot)er ()o )a+e "i+en birt) and inter+ie(in" t)em
after 41 days )as been put in place= # detailed >uestionnaire is filled in by t)e
monitors and inputted into a database for analysis at a later date=e monitorin"
1'
started in No+ember 1FF4=
#ll t)e 36 cluster of +illa"es (ill benefit from t)e )ealt) ser+ice stren"t)enin"
inter+entionsI )o(e+er2 t)e (omen?s "roup inter+ention (ill only ta!e place in )alf of
t)e clusters durin" t)e current p)ase of t)e (or! (it) t)e areas not co+ered by
(omen?s "roups= It (ill also include a cost;effecti+eness analysis to establis) ()et)er
t)e initiati+e is "ood +alue for money=
In a randomi<ed control trial it is important to measure t)e effecti+e ness of t)e
inter+ention in different clusters=is measurement s)ould be collected concurrently
to measure t)e effecti+eness more accurately=
In all t)e 36clusters all t)e birt)s and deat)s are bein" identified t)rou") !ey
informants=ese !ey informants are responsible for around 15F )ouse)olds and t)ey
assist t)e respecti+e monitors=e monitor +isit t)e mot)ers )ouse and confirms t)e
birt) @ and deat) before conductin" t)e inter+ie(= Donitors collect information
re"ardin" t)e birt)@ still birt)@Neonatal deat) 3F;1E days4@ maternal deat)s@(omen
deat)=
e aseline of our proCect started from 11 No+ember2 1FF4 to 31 9uly2 1FF5 and (e
could co+er a total birt) of ; 46'12 S ; 1''2 N0 ; 15*2 D0;15
H+)*07 S+53('+, ,05+.;07+.(.;@
ere is a (ell;establis)ed need 3ori"inally stated in t)e #lma;#ta 0eclaration2 -%O2
1*'E4 to consolidate t)e lin!s bet(een communities and primary )ealt) care ser+ices=
-)ere ser+ices exist2 t)e reasons for t)eir under use are complex includin" p)ysical
barriers2 >uality of care and perceptions of ser+ice pro+iders= Supply and demand are
intimately lin!ed and poor ser+ice >uality may be at least partly t)e result of users
)a+in" little +oice in t)e desi"n and mana"ement of ser+ices deli+ered in t)eir name=
e creation of a more demand dri+en en+ironment for ser+ice deli+ery and a "reater
sense of $o(ners)ip& of )ealt) ser+ices at community le+el mi")t t)erefore be
expected to increase rates of use= /oncerned and in+ol+ed users (it) palpable
influence are more li!ely to use ser+ices !no(led"eably and appropriately and to pay
"reater attention to )ealt) messa"es= In t)e context of impro+in" maternal and
ne(born )ealt) t)is may increase t)e li!eli)ood of )i") ris! pre"nancies and at ris!
ne(borns bein" referred to )ealt) facilities more promptly=e proCect (ill (or!
1E
ere is a definite need for )ealt) ser+ice stren"t)enin" (it)in t)e proCect area and
E!Cut (ill build on t)e "ood dialo"ue t)ey already )a+e (it) Go+ernment )ealt)
officials=e proCect is aimin" to impro+e ser+ice deli+ery at all le+els and to impro+e
referral lin!s bet(een t)em= /luster le+el )ealt) committees )a+e been formed in all
clusters2 and represent all +illa"es and )amlets (it)in t)at cluster=ese committees
are intended to )elp users )a+e a +oice in t)e desi"n and mana"ement of ser+ices
deli+ered in t)eir name and contributes to(ards a more demand dri+en en+ironment
and ri")ts based approac) to ser+ice deli+ery= # "reater sense of $o(ners)ip& of
)ealt) ser+ices at t)e community le+el may impro+e t)e >uality of care and increase
rates of use= Dembers of t)e committees include people ()o s)o( si"ns of leaders)ip
>ualities and @ or an interest in )ealt)2 suc) as community leaders2 +illa"e )eadmen2
teac)ers2 and married (omen and t)ey become !no(led"eable of t)e "o+ernment
)ealt) system and current )ealt) sc)emes=e committees follo( a structured action
R+)'7(.; O40
T5(/)* 3(**);+5, &9 F7)587).2 O5(,,):
ere are more t)an 'FF tribal "roups in India constitutin" around EG of t)e total
population 36E million people4= Some of t)e lar"est concentrations of tribal people are
found in t)e states of 9)ar!)and and Orissa2 (it) t)e tribal population comprisin"
1EG and 11G respecti+ely.
1*
e!Cut?s (or! is (it) isolated communities2 predominantly belon"in" to t)e %o2
Sant)al2 Oraon2 9uan"2 Dunda and )uyian tribal communities2 as (ell as socially
disad+anta"ed non;tribal people li+in" amon"st t)em=ese tribal "roups spea! many
different lan"ua"es2 but t)ey s)are certain common c)aracteristics=ey sur+i+e on
subsistence farmin" and forest produce2 supplemented by (a"e labour=ey li+e in
+illa"es and small )amlets as clans and families= Dany )a+e !ept +ery old traditions
and e+ery facet of t)eir life is intimately connected (it) reli"ious belief2 ritual
practices2 and a belief in supernatural place of (ors)ip is t)e sacred "ro+es= It is t)ese
aspects of t)eir culture t)at "i+e meanin" and dept) to t)eir li+es2 and solidarity to
C7(*25+.:
-e at e!Cut are a(are t)at c)ildren face substantially different opportunities to learn
and li+e )ealt)ily in almost all populations2 dependin" on asset o(ners)ip2 "eo"rap)ic
location or parental education= Ine>ualities are perpetuated across "enerations=e
c)ildren of poorer and lo(er status parents face lo(er life c)ances2 in education2
)ealt)2 incomes and status.
W&6+.:
-e in e!Cut insist t)at -omen?s +oices must be )eard in t)e lon" o+erdue c)an"e in
our approac)2 desi"n and de+elopment of )ealt) ser+ices to ser+ice t)e needs of an
important )alf of all our communities= Ne( life cannot be"in (it)out pre"nancy and
birt) and yet e+en today2 (it) t)e scientific !no(led"e and medical ac)ie+ements2
t)ousands of (omen continue to die2 or suffer in silence because t)ey do not recei+e
3F
t)e care t)ey need or t)e respect t)ey deser+e=
Our )ealt) ser+ices could be more responsi+e to (omen?s needs and able to pro+ide
t)em (it) t)e care t)ey deser+e durin" a dan"erous and delicate time in t)eir li+es=
e sur+i+al of t)e ne(born too depends on t)e sur+i+al and (ell bein" of t)eir
mot)ers= #n estimated 52E52FFF (omen die eac) year from complications of
pre"nancy and c)ild birt)2 ** G of t)em li+e in de+elopin" countries=
O+erall E!Cut )as done and continued doin" a commendable Cob in impro+in" t)e
)ealt) problems amon" (omen and )elpin" t)e mot)er?s of infant?s to brin" up t)eir
c)ildren in )ealt)y state=
B(/*(&;5)-71
Da"a<ines
-omen outloo!
31
-ebsites
(((=sne)amumbai=or"
(((=e!Cutindia=or"
(((="yanpedia=com
31
doc_548349254.doc
PRIYA SHEWAKRAMANI
ADMISSION NO. HPGD/AP14/2463
SOCIAL CAUSE: WOMEN EMPOWERMENT CHILD NOURISHMENT
PREVENTION O! VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN CHILDREN
NAME O! THE NGO: "SNEHA#
PRIN. L. N. WELINGKAR INSTITUTE O! MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
APRIL 2$14
1
PARTICULARS PAGE NO
Social Responsibility 3
Social context of NGO 3
Social Problems 4
Importance of Education 6
ac!"round #bout NGO $SNE%#& '
%o( t)ey creatin" a(areness in t)e society *
Pre+ention of ,iolence #"ainst -omen .
/)ildren
11
0omestic ,iolence 11
/)ild %ealt) . Nutrition 13
Empo(erment2 %ealt) . Sexuality #mon"st
#dolescents 3E%S#S4
15
SNE%# /entre 1'
SNE%# S)a!ti 1*
O6R -OR7 11
%o( -e Impact 11
Our 8unders 13
Our Partners 14
1
Ot)er NGOs (or!in" for (omen and c)ildren
NGO E796:
15;31
iblio"rap)y 31
INDE%
S&'()* R+,-&.,(/(*(01
Social responsibility is an et)ical frame(or! ()ic) su""ests t)at an entity2 be it an
or"ani<ation or indi+idual2 )as an obli"ation to act for t)e benefit of society at lar"e=
Social responsibility is a duty e+ery indi+idual )as to perform so as to maintain a
balance bet(een t)e economy and t)e ecosystems= Social responsibility means
sustainin" t)e e>uilibrium bet(een t)e t(o= It pertains not only to business
or"ani<ations but also to e+eryone ()o?s any action impacts t)e en+ironment=
isresponsibility can be passi+e2 by a+oidin" en"a"in" in socially )armful acts2 or acti+e2
by performin" acti+ities t)at directly ad+ance social "oals=
I.2(3(24)* ,&'()* 5+,-&.,(/(*(01
Indi+idual Social Responsibility 3ISR4 is about an indi+idual becomin" responsible in
)is@)er actions t)at )a+e affect on communities outside )is@)er immediate circle=
eindi+idual social responsibility includes t)e en"a"ement of eac) person to(ards t)e
community ()ere )e li+es2 ()ic) can be expressed as an interest to(ards ()at’s
)appenin" in t)e community2 as (ell as in t)e acti+e participation in t)e sol+in" of
some of t)e local problems=
C&5-&5)0+ ,&'()* 5+,-&.,(/(*(01
/orporate Social Responsibility is a mana"ement concept ()ereby companies
inte"rate social and en+ironmental concerns in t)eir business operations and
interactions (it) t)eir sta!e)olders= /SR is "enerally understood as bein" t)e (ay
t)rou") ()ic) a company ac)ie+es a balance of economic2 en+ironmental and social
imperati+es 3“:riple;ottom;Aine; #pproac)”42 ()ile at t)e same time addressin"
t)e expectations of s)are)olders and sta!e)olders= In t)is sense it is important to dra(
a distinction bet(een /SR2 ()ic) can be a strate"ic business mana"ement concept2
3
and c)arity2 sponsors)ips or p)ilant)ropy= /orporate social responsibility may also be
referred to as Bcorporate citi<ens)ipB and can in+ol+e incurrin" s)ort;term costs t)at
do not pro+ide an immediate financial benefit to t)e company2 but instead promote
positi+e social and en+ironmental c)an"e=
S&'()* P5&/*+6,
P&3+501
Po+erty is a condition in ()ic) a )ouse)old is not able to fulfill its basic needs for
sur+i+al i=e= food2 clot)in" and s)elter= Po+erty is a (idespread condition in India=
Since Independence2 po+erty is a pre+alent concern= It is t)e t(enty;first century and
po+erty still is a persistent menace in t)e country= It needs to be ta!en into account
t)at alt)ou") t)e economy )as s)o(n some +isible si"ns of pro"ress in t)e last t(o
decades2 t)is pro"ress been une+en across +arious sectors or areas=
e "ro(t) ratesare )i")er in GuCarat and 0el)i as compared to i)ar and 6ttar Prades)= Nearly )alf
of t)e population doesn’t )a+e proper s)elter2 access to a decent sanitation system2
+illa"es do not )a+e a nearby (ater source2 and +illa"es also do not )a+e a secondary
sc)ool and lac! of proper roads= Some sections of t)e society li!e t)e 0alits are not
e+en included in t)e po+erty list maintained by t)e concerned aut)orities assi"ned by
t)e "o+ernment=
ey’re "roups t)at are mar"inali<ed in t)e society= e element()ic) furt)er complicates and deteriorates t)e situation is t)e "o+ernment subsidies
system ()ic) )as lea!a"es in t)e distribution system=
ey ne+er reac) t)e)ouse)olds=
I**(0+5)'1
Illiteracy is a condition ()ic) becomes a blot on t)e de+elopment of nation= India
possesses t)e lar"est illiterate population= Illiteracy in India is a problem ()ic) )as
complex dimensions attac)ed to it= Illiteracy in India is more or less concerned (it)
different forms of disparities t)at exist in t)e country=
ere are "ender imbalances2income imbalances2 state imbalances2 caste imbalances2 tec)nolo"ical barriers ()ic)
s)ape t)e literacy rates t)at exist in t)e country=
e Indian "o+ernment t)ou") )aslaunc)ed se+eral sc)emes to combat t)e menace of illiteracy but due to t)e poor
conditions of sanitation and expensi+e pri+ate education and defecti+e mid;day meal
sc)emes2 illiteracy still pre+ails= Not only t)e "o+ernment2 but e+ery literate person
needs to accept t)e eradication of illiteracy as a personal "oal= Eac) and e+ery
contribution by a literate person can ma!e a contribution to eradicate t)e menace=
C7(*2 *)/&45
/)ild labour typically means t)e employment of c)ildren in any (or! (it) or
4
(it)out payment= /)ild labour is not only limited to India2 it )appens to be a "lobal
p)enomenon= #s far as India is concerned2 t)e issue is a +icious one as c)ildren in
India )a+e )istorically been )elpin" parents at t)eir farms and ot)er primiti+e
acti+ities= O+er population2 illiteracy2 po+erty2 debt trap are some of t)e common
causes ()ic) are instrumental in t)is issue= O+erburdened2 debt;trapped parents fail to
understand t)e importance of a normal c)ild)ood under t)e pressures of t)eir o(n
troubles and t)us it leads to t)e poor emotional and mental balance of a c)ild’s brain
()ic) is not prepared to underta!e ri"orous field or domestic tas!s= Dultinational
companies also recruit c)ildren in "arment industries for more (or! and less pay
()ic) is absolutely unet)ical= /)ild labour as a "lobal concern )as been raised on
international platforms as (ell= #bolition of c)ild traffic!in"2 elimination of po+erty2
free and compulsory education2 and basic standards of li+in" can reduce t)e problem
to a "reat extent=
e -orld and2 International Donetary 8und can )elp ineradicatin" po+erty by pro+idin" loan to t)e de+elopin" countries= Strict
implementation of labour la(s is also essential in order to pre+ent exploitation by
parties or multinational companies=
India is sadly t)e )ome to t)e lar"est number of c)ild labourers in t)e (orld=
ecensus found an increase in t)e number of c)ild labourers from 11=1E million in 1**1
to 11=5* million in 1FF1= D=,= 8oundation in #nd)ra Prades) found nearly 4FF2FFF
c)ildren2 mostly "irls bet(een se+en and 14 years of a"e2 toilin" for 14;16 )ours a
day in cottonseed production across t)e country of ()ic) *FG are employed in
#nd)ra Prades)= /)ild Aabour in India 4FG of t)e labour in a precious stone cuttin"
sector is c)ildren= NGOs )a+e disco+ered t)e use of c)ild labourers in minin" industry
in ellary 0istrict in 7arnata!a in spite of a )ars) ban on t)e same= In urban areas
t)ere is a )i") employment of c)ildren in t)e <ari and embroidery industry=
L)'8 &9 E24')0(&. 0& -&&5
India is a country (it) more t)an one billion people2 and Cust one;t)ird of t)em
can read= Rapidly "ro(in" si<e of population2 s)orta"es of teac)ers2 boo!s2 and basic
facilities2 and insufficient public funds to co+er education costs are some of t)e
nation’s tou")est c)allen"es=
is is ()ere /)ildren in India are facin" t)e basicc)allen"es= #ccordin" to a study2 more t)an 3FG of educational funds are allocated
to(ards )i")er education2 lea+in" t)e primary education in India in s(ay=
India is fourt) amon" t)e top 1F nations (it) t)e )i")est numbers of out;of
c)ildren in primary le+el= 8urt)ermore2 t)e rate of sc)ool drop;outs amon"st students
is +ery )i")= One of t)e main reasons be)ind t)is is po+erty= -)en earnin" a
li+eli)ood and ta!in" care of t)e members of t)e family becomes a primary matter of
concern in one’s life2 education stands a little or2 +ery often2 no c)ance of pursuance=
5
8or t)e underpri+ile"ed people in India2 education is percei+ed as a )i");priced
luxury2 and t)is ne"ati+e outloo! continues on (it) e+ery ne( "eneration=
# disproportionate number of total out;of;sc)ool c)ildren in India are "irls= -)at
denies e>ual opportunities of c)ildren are serious social issues t)at )a+e arose out of
caste2 class and "ender differences=
e practice of c)ild labour in India and resistanceto sendin" "irls to sc)ool in se+eral parts of t)e country remain as "enuine concerns=
If t)e current trend continues2 millions of underpri+ile"ed c)ildren (ill probably
ne+er set foot in a classroom=
India’s "ro(t) relies on a (ell;educated and s!illed (or!force= Impro+in"
education is a critical area of in+estment= # s)abby foundation in primary education
can o+erturn t)e li+es2 careers and producti+ity of millions of its citi<ens= #lready2 a
considerable proportion of t)e adult (or!force in India is acutely under;e>uipped to
be eli"ible for s!illed and semi;s!illed Cobs= In order to build India as a consumer
mar!et of "lobal standards2 it is +ery important t)at e+ery c)ild reaps t)e benefits of
>uality education=
I6-&50).'+ &9 E24')0(&.
Education is most important amon" all of us= Education plays a +ery important
role in your life= 8or li+in" a luxurious life or for li+in" a better life2 you s)ould be
educated= Education is t)at ()ic) transforms a person to li+e a better life and e+en in
a social (ell bein"= Education is t)e one t)at doin" somet)in" constructi+e in our near
future= It )elps a person to s)o( t)eir best by t)eir mind and spirit= It "i+es you a lot
of !no(led"e in ()ate+er aspects= In today?s competiti+e (orld education is necessity
for man after food2 clot)in"2 and s)elter= Education is t)e solution of any problem=
8ocus s)ould be on (omen?s education because t)e !no(led"e and empo(erment of
one (oman can brin" about a c)an"e in a family and e+en t)e society as a ()ole= It is
t)e uneducated and illiterate people ()o t)in! (omen are not entitled to education= #
person becomes perfect (it) education as )e is not only "ainin" somet)in" from it2
but also contributin" to t)e "ro(t) of a nation= -e must reali<e t)e importance of
education= -e must aim to ensure t)at eac) citi<en of our nation is educated and
independent=
6
A/&40 U,
# secular2 Dumbai ; based non ; profit or"anisation2 SNE%# belie+es t)at in+estin"
in (omenHs )ealt) is essential to buildin" +iable urban communities= SNE%# tar"ets
four lar"e public )ealt) areas ; Daternal and Ne(born %ealt)2 /)ild %ealt) and
Nutrition2 Sexual and Reproducti+e %ealt) and Pre+ention of ,iolence a"ainst
-omen and /)ildren=
T7+ SNEHA S0&51
It (as t)e 1**Fs2 and li!e so many ot)er neonatolo"ists in t)e country2 0r=
#rmida 8ernande< and )er team (ere spendin" countless )ours in t)e NI/6 sa+in"
li+es of under(ei")t and premature infants born to mot)ers from t)e urban slums=
ese mot)ers (ere typically un)ealt)y t)emsel+es and )ad no !no(led"e on )o( tobe )ealt)y2 mana"e )ealt)y pre"nancies or to !eep t)eir c)ildren )ealt)y= #fter all t)e
efforts t)at (ent into sa+in" t)ese infantHs li+es2 releasin" t)em into t)ese uninformed
and impo+eris)ed en+ironments (as a bi" concern
=
0r= 8ernande< reco"ni<ed t)at t)e only solution to brea!in" t)is +icious cycle (as
to empo(er t)ese (omen (it) t)e information and tools t)ey needed to build
)ealt)ier families= -it) t)at obCecti+e in mind2 a small team of neonatolo"ists started
"oin" out into t)e slums of 0)ara+i to educate (omen on subCects li!e nutrition2 ante
natal care2 t)e importance of deli+erin" babies in )ospitals2 breast feedin" and
immuni<ations=
e team reali<ed t)at t)e (omen (ere star+ed for informationI t)eyCust )ad no access to it in t)e past=
ey not only soa!ed in all t)e information t)ey(ere "i+en but also lost no time in puttin" t)at !no(led"e to practical use= #nd
SNE%# (as born=
'
day2 SNE%# is a 35FJ person stron" and pro"ressi+e or"ani<ation t)at (or!sclosely (it) t)e Dunicipal /orporation of Greater Dumbai= -e do inno+ati+e (or! in
t)e urban slums to reduce maternal mortality2 ne(born mortality2 malnutrition and
domestic +iolence= #nd at our core remains t)e belief t)at t)e cycle of ill )ealt) can
and must be bro!en by creatin" an urban society ()ose foundation is built on a
)ealt)y and empo(ered populace=
#t SNE%#2 (e continue to c)ase t)e dream of B%ealt)y -omen and /)ildren
populatin" a %ealt)y 6rban -orldB=
V(,(&.
%ealt)y -omen and /)ildren for a %ealt)y 6rban -orld
O45 M(,,(&.
-e (or! in partners)ip (it) communities and )ealt) systems buildin" effecti+e and
replicable solutions2 empo(erin" (omen and t)eir families in urban slums to impro+e
t)eir )ealt)=
E
O45 V)*4+,
? Nurture
? ,aluin" e+ery person
? /ommitment
? :rust
? Excellence
O45 USP
? 15 years of trusted financial control=
? Resource center for )ealt) issues of (omen and c)ildren in urban slums=
? Pro+en trac! record of (or!in" (it) public systems for sustainability=
? E+idence ; dri+enK 6ni+ersity /olle"e Aondon as full;time researc) partner
? oard and mana"ement teams representin" leadin" medical2 public )ealt) and
mana"ement professionals
O45 A--5&)'7
Its approac) is t(o pron"edK it reco"ni<es t)at in order to impro+e urban )ealt)
standards2 its initiati+es must tar"et bot) care see!ers and care pro+iders= It (or!s at
t)e community le+el to empo(er (omen and slum communities to be catalysts of
c)an"e in t)eir o(n ri")t and collaborate (it) existin" public )ealt) systems and
)ealt) care pro+iders to create sustainable impro+ements in urban )ealt)=
O45 W&58
M)0+5.)* N+:/&5. H+)*07
SNE%#Hs Daternal and Ne(born %ealt) 3DN%4 pro"ram see!s to impro+e
pre"nancy care for lo(;income (omen by (or!in" (it) bot) t)e public )ealt)care
system and t)e communities=
W&58(.;
07 07+ -4/*(' 7+)*07')5+ ,1,0+6K ; (or!s (it) public )ospitals to map*
and establis) referral net(or!s and promote appropriate care for (omen (it)
potential complications= SNE%# also collaborates (it) municipal )ealt) posts to
standardi<e primary ante and post;natal ser+ices and build capacity of t)eir outreac)
(or!ers=
E24')0(.; 34*.+5)/*+ ,*46 '&664.(0(+,K
rou") )ome +isits2 communitymeetin"s2 and formation of community )ealt) committees2 SNE%# en"a"es pre"nant
mot)ers and t)eir families to promote utili<ation of public ser+ices for mot)ers and
ne(borns and impro+e t)eir !no(led"e of ante; and post;natal dan"er si"ns2 maternal
nutrition2 appropriate c)ild feedin" practice2 and family plannin" met)ods=
I6-)'0 0& D)0+
O+er t)e last fi+e years 31FF* ; 1F1442
? #ssisted at least 1124F1 pre"nant (omen (it) potential complications t)rou")
SNE%#;initiated referral net(or!s=
? Reac)ed out to nearly 4245E pre"nant (omen t)rou") )ome +isits2 pro+idin"
periodic counselin" durin" pre"nancy and after c)ildbirt)=
? :rained o+er 32FFF public )ealt)care pro+iders 3cumulati+e4 on clinical
aspects of maternal and neonatal care and effecti+e communication=
? :rained o+er 12*FF "o+ernment outreac) (or!ers 3cumulati+e4 to address
maternal and neonatal )ealt) in communities=
E.2&5,+6+.0
? Reco"ni<ed as official partner of t)e State Go+ernment of Da)aras)tra and
Dunicipal /orporations of Greater Dumbai2
ane2 7alyan 0ombi+ali andDira )ayander
? #ppointed as NGO representati+e on t)e committee for implementation of
Pre;/onception and Pre;Natal 0ia"nostic :ec)ni>ues 3P/PN0:4 #ct in Dira
)ayander=
P5+3+.0(&. &9 V(&*+.'+ A
(.,0 W&6+. C7(*25+.SNE%#Hs P,-/ Pro"ram builds a "ender;sensiti+e society t)at responds to and
pre+ents "ender;based +iolence in urban areasK;
? /risis Inter+entionK ; SNE%#Hs crisis centres pro+ide immediate and lon";term
counsellin" for t)e sur+i+ors of +iolence and facilitate access to medical2 le"al
1F
and police ser+ices=
? Sensitisation of Public Sector -or!ersK; SNE%# trains police officers and
public )ospital staff on t)e needs of (omen and c)ildren in distress= SNE%#
also de+elops and )elps implement protocols for public systems to promote
pro+ision of ade>uate and timely care for sur+i+ors=
? /ommunity DobilisationK ; SNE%# )as establis)ed a net(or! of community;
based (omen +olunteers monitorin" t)e safety of (omen and c)ildren2 (or!s
(it) men to pre+ent +iolence2 and )as introduced tec)nolo"y to cro(d;source
cases of +iolence=
E6-&:+56+.0< H+)*07 ).2 S+=4)*(01 9&5 A2&*+,'+.0, >EHSAS?
SNE%#Hs E%S#S initiati+e aims to address t)e )ealt) and (ellbein" of adolescents
and yout)2 and transform t)em into )ealt)y2 "ender;sensiti+e and responsible citi<ens=
I6-)'0 0& D)0+
Since 1FF12
? #ddressed o+er 42FFF cases of +iolence=
? :rained and sensiti<ed 425FF police officers and cadets in Dumbai=
? :rained o+er 121FF public )ospital staff to identify +iolence +ictims amon"
patients=
? Pro+ided )ealt) and life s!ills education to o+er 1F2FFF adolescents and yout)=
? Pro+ided +ocational trainin" to o+er 12FFF yout)=
E.2&5,+6+.0
? /ollaborates (it) t)e 0istrict Ae"al #id Ser+ices #ut)ority 30A#S#4 to
pro+ide free le"al aid=
? %eld t)e secretariat of t)e Da)aras)tra state c)apter of t)e #D#N Net(or! in
1F11 ; 1F13=
? /o+ered by 16 media articles in 1F13 ; 1F14=
11
D&6+,0(' V(&*+.'+
R+'&;.(,(.; A/4,+
0omestic +iolence )as many forms of abuse includin" p)ysical2 emotional2 sexual and
financial= It could be perpetrated by eit)er your partner or any of your family
members 3eit)er your natal family or your matrimonial family4= If you t)in! some of
t)e statements are applicable to your situation2 you may be a sur+i+or of +iolence=
%o( SNE%# can %elp
If you are @ someone you !no( is facin" +iolence and a resident of Dumbai2 you can
"et in touc) (it) SNE%# by +isitin" us at +arious locations across t)e city 3see t)e
/ontact 6s pa"e for details4=
If you are not a resident of t)e city2 you can email or call us for )elp=
SNE%# )elps (omen facin" domestic +iolence2 sexual +iolence and sexual
)arassment2 and c)ildren facin" sexual abuse=
W7)0 7+*- :+ &99+5
In a crisis situation2 (e
? Pro+ide emotional support=
? #ssist you in filin" a police complaintI connect you (it) t)e )ospital@doctor in
case you need medical )elp=
? /onnect you to immediate support ser+ices li!e a s)elter=
-e offer you counselin" ser+ices 3no c)ar"es4=
? Indi+idual counsellin"=
? /ouple counsellin"=
? 8amily counsellin"=
11
? Psyc)o;t)erapeutic ser+ices 3/o"niti+e e)a+ioural
erapy and Relaxation erapy4=-e )a+e t(o la(yers ()o pro+ide le"al counsellin"2 )elp you prepare your court
case2 and net(or! (it) t)e 0istrict 8ree Ae"al #id Ser+ices for le"al ser+ices relatin"
to your case=
-e assist you in filin" Non;/o"nisable Offences 3N/s4 or 8irst Information Reports
38=I=R=s4 at t)e police station=
-e connect you (it) specialised ser+ices li!e psyc)iatrists2 clinical psyc)olo"ists2
s)elters2 )omes and )ostels as per your needs=
E+eryone )as t)e ri")t to li+e a life free of +iolence= No one s)ould )a+e to suffer= -e
can pro+ide assistance and "uide you2 but2 remember2 it is only you ()o can )elp
yourself=
SNE%# ensures confidentiality of t)e (oman sur+i+or of +iolence=
C7(*2 H+)*07 N405(0(&.
SNE%#Hs /)ild %ealt) and Nutrition pro"ram launc)ed its #a)ar 3a (ord ()ic)
means BfoodB in %indi4 proCect in October 1F11 in 0)ara+i2 one of t)e lar"est slums
in #sia=
e proCect aims to impro+e t)e )ealt) and nutrition status of c)ildren under 3years of a"e t)rou")K;
? Ri"orous screenin" and early identification of malnouris)ed c)ildren=
? /ombinations of )ospital care2 /ommunity;based Dana"ement of #cute
Dalnutrition 3/D#D4 and referrals=
? Re"ular follo(;up and monitorin"=
e proCect co+ers an estimated population of 3FF2FFF in 0)ara+i2 and isimplemented in partners)ip (it) t)e -orld an!;financed Inte"rated /)ild
0e+elopment Sc)eme 3I/0S4 and Dunicipal /orporation of Greater Dumbai
3D/GD4=
13
I6-)'0 0& D)0+
e proCect co+ersK;? 142FFF under;3 malnouris)ed c)ildren=
? 421FF pre"nant and lactatin" mot)ers=
? 3FF I/0S outreac) (or!ers=
? Screened about 142FFF c)ildren under 3 years for malnutrition in 0)ara+i=
? /ounseled 41FF pre"nant (omen on #ntenatal /are 3#N/4 and Infant and
Loun" /)ild 8eedin" practices 3IL/84=
? Reduced (astin" in less t)an 1 yr old c)ildren by 1EG bet(een 1F11?1F14=
? Pro+ides continuous trainin" and capacity buildin" to o+er 5FF "o+ernment
)ealt) (or!ers2 impro+in" upta!e of Go+ernment H:a!e %ome RationsH to
pre"nant (omen and c)ildren by 4FG=
E.2&5,+6+.0
? -or!s in close partners)ip (it) Inte"rated /)ild 0e+elopment Sc)eme
3I/0S42 a national initiati+e financed by t)e -orld an!=
? Partners (it) 6NI/E8 on tec)nical matters=
E6-&:+56+.0< H+)*07 S+=4)*(01 A6&.;,0 A2&*+,'+.0, >EHSAS?
14
A2&*+,'+.0 H+)*07 ).2 E6-&:+56+.0
G&)*
empo(er youn" "irls and boys 311;14 years4 (it) t)e !no(led"e and capacity toma!e informed c)oices about t)eir )ealt) and (ell bein"=
O/A+'0(3+,
?
increase )ealt) a(areness and positi+e )ealt) be)a+iours t)rou") peer"roup learnin" sessions2 life s!ills education and community en"a"ement=
?
enable economic empo(erment t)rou") +ocational trainin"=?
create adolescent ad+ocates in t)e community=?
ensure continued support t)rou") formation of parent "roups and follo( upbeyond t)e pro"ram=
H&: :+ :&58
e pro"ram co+ers 55FF boys and "irls in t)e a"e "roup 11 to 14 years across 3municipal (ards t)rou") t)e #dolescents Gainin" Ground 3#GG4 proCect and t(o
community resource centers called #ro"yamitra 7endras=
e pro"ram is deli+ered bytrained facilitators ()o are (omen from t)e same communities as t)e beneficiaries=
e pro"ram is located across t)e +ulnerable communities of 0)ara+i2 G)at!opar2,i!)roli and 7andi+ali=
I.0+53+.0(&. A--5&)'7 / D+,(;. / M+07&2&*&;1
e pro"ram ta!es a compre)ensi+e approac) and inter+ention includesK;? /lassroom based sessions on )ealt) and life s!ills education=
? eyond t)e classroom sessions K field +isits to t)e local %ealt) Post2 mar!et2
and police station2 community e+ents usin" art2 t)eatre @ street plays and sports
acti+ities=
? ,ocational trainin"K /omputer literacy2 Spo!en En"lis)2 eautician trainin"2
Dobile repair2 Nurse #ide course2 De)endi class and Stitc)in"=
? Dont)ly mot)ers @ parent "roup meetin"s=
? #lumni meetin"s for follo( up=
15
E+aluation is done t)rou") pre and post sur+eys2 and a six;mont) retention sur+ey2
and case stories documentin" be)a+ioral c)an"e= Muality of +ocational trainin"
classes is monitored by t)e team on a re"ular basis=
U.(B4+.+,, &9 07+ P5&;5)6
e pro"ram is uni>ue in (or!in" e>ually (it) boys and )as recei+ed ano+er()elmin" response from t)e community=
e model is )i")ly replicable and )asallo(ed fast expansion and increased beneficiary co+era"e= Partners)ips (it) local
+endors2 corporate and pri+ate sc)ools )as lent itself to inno+ati+e +olunteerin"
opportunities and exc)an"e pro"rams=
A'7(+3+6+.0,
? Pro+ided )ealt) and life s!ills education to o+er 1F2FFF adolescents and yout)=
? Pro+ided +ocational trainin" to o+er 52FFF yout)=
? Percenta"e increase in !no(led"e on "ender and )ealt) amon"st adolescents
(as 1FG and 11G in of our inter+ention areas=
? #naemia pilot study initiated amon" 3FF adolescents=
? 8ormation of 1F +olunteer yout) "roups2 in+ol+in" about 11F c)ildren for
reporta"e on pre+ention on +iolence and community ad+ocacy=
16
SNEHA C+.05+
SNE%# operates 1F inte"rated community )ealt) centers 3SNE%# /enters4 in t)e
)i")ly +ulnerable D@East and A -ards of Dumbai= SNE%# /enters offer a pac!a"e
of inte"rated ser+ices2 spannin" family plannin"2 maternal and neonatal )ealt)2 c)ild
nutrition and )ealt)2 and pre+ention of +iolence a"ainst (omen and c)ildren=
e SNE%# /entres proCect is a randomi<ed controlled trial ()ere in )ealt)indicators (ill be compared amon" 1F areas (it) SNE%# centers inter+entions (it)
t)ose in 1F similar unmatc)ed areas=
e outcomes (ill be assessed t)rou") a)ouse)old census to be completed in 1F152 after 1 years of inter+ention= # process
e+aluation is currently under(ay to complement t)e census findin"s=
W7)0 W+ A225+,, T75&4;7 SNEHA C+.0+5,
P5(6)51 O40'&6+,
? 6nmet need for family plannin" in (omen a"ed 15 to 4* years=
? /omplete immuni<ation of c)ildren under 5 years of a"e=
? -astin" 3(ei")t for )ei")t4 of c)ildren under 5 years of a"e=
S+'&.2)51 O40'&6+,
? Number of consultations for +iolence a"ainst (omen or c)ildren=
? Institutional deli+eries for birt)s=
? #dolescent pre"nancies amon" (omen under 1* years of a"e=
? Stuntin" 3)ei")t for a"e 4 of c)ildren under 5 years of a"e=
? 6nder(ei")t 3(ei")t for a"e 4 of c)ildren under 5 years of a"e=
? Proportion of c)ildren ()o recei+ed c)ild de+elopment support from I/0S
centers=
? Initiation of breastfeedin" (it)in 1 )our of birt)=
? Exclusi+e breastfeedin" under 6 mont)s=
1'
T7+ M&2+*
e concept of SNE%# /enters re+ol+es around effecti+e deli+ery of bundledinter+entions addressin" inter;"enerational cycles of poor )ealt) in urban slums=
SNE%# /enters (or! (it) infants2 c)ildren2 adolescents2 mot)ers2 and men and
(omen of reproducti+e a"e=
e ultimate "oal is to create BSNE%# familiesB N modelfamilies ()ose members demonstrate optimal and informed )ealt);see!in" be)a+iors
(it)in +ulnerable communities=
e p)ysical base (it)in +ulnerable slums areexpected to impro+e t)e fre>uency and >uality of interaction bet(een t)e community
and SNE%# staff2 impro+in" SNE%#?s ability to tac!le t)e problems faced by t)e
community=
SNEHA S7)80(
SNE%# S)a!ti is a bou>uet of ser+ices for different demo"rap)ics=
SNE%# S)a!ti imparts +ocational s!ills to adolescent "irls 3Nurse ; #ide proCect42
)olistic )ealt)care to senior citi<ens2 Out Patient 0epartment 3OP04 facilities2
facilitatin" cardiac care for c)ildren under 11 years 3%eart to %eart proCect4=
CE6-&:+56+.0 &9 W&6+. )0 SNEHAC
1E
e )ealt)care sector is one of t)e fastest "ro(in" industries and t)e demand for>uality )ealt)care )as been increasin" steadily= #ccordin" to "lobal nursin" statistics
publis)ed in 1F1F2 t)e demand for nursin" assistants is "ro(in" at an annual rate of
1*G2 )i")er t)an t)e demand for >ualified nurses=
is is due to t)e "ro(in"population of senior citi<ens needin" care and t)e demand for a >uic! turnaround time
in )ospitals
is s)orta"e2 combined (it) t)e "ro(in" demand for >uality )ealt) care)as made pro"rams li!e S(ast)ya Se+i!a an important means of pro+idin" economic
opportunity for out of sc)ool adolescent "irls2 ()ile fulfillin" an existin" need=
SNE%#Hs S(ast)ya Se+i!a initiati+e (as started by SNE%# in 1FF4=
1* batc)es )a+e successfully completed and 46* S(ast)ya Se+i!a trained@under
trainin" from t)e SNE%# Nurse #ide /entre at Santacru<= SNE%# )as since added 1
ne( centres= One in Go+andi and t)e ot)er in 7andi+ali=
e Go+andi centre (asstarted in #u" 1F13=
e present batc)2 academic year 39uly 1F14 ; 9une 1F154 )as '5students=
e 7andi+ali /entre t)at (as started in #u"2 1F14 )as 31 students=e maCority of t)e "raduates are employed in )ospitals and Nursin" )omes=eir li+es )a+e been c)an"ed as t)ey ma!e forays into a career and stand on t)eirfeet=
SNE%#Hs S(ast)yaSe+i!a initiati+e (as started by SNE%# in 1FF4 and until no( 1'
batc)es )a+e successfully completed and 3FF S(ast)yaSe+i!a trained from SNE%#
premises at Santacru<=
e maCority of t)em are employed=
-e !eep abreast of current trends and practices of Nurse ; aides t)rou") our net(or!
of doctors and nurses at )ospitals and nursin" )omes=
e learnin"?s )a+e promptedSNE%# to introduce basic computer classes and En"lis) spea!in" classes for t)e
batc)es at Santa /ru< t)ereby ma!in" t)e course more )olistic in nature=
CD4(*0+,,+.0()**1 SNEHAC
Muiltessentially SNE%# proCect (as conceptualised and initiated in October 1FF*=
e proCect aims to teac) (omen from t)e adCoinin" slums a +ariety of s!ills and alsopro+ide t)em (it) "ainful employment=
It (as started as a pilot proCect since SNE%# stron"ly ad+ocates financial
independence as an ideal (ay to empo(er (omen=
us far2 t)e proCect )as primarilydepended on fabric donations from (ell (is)ers coupled (it) creati+e inputs from t)e
ProCect 0irector= It in+ol+es educatin" t)e (omen in t)e basics of stitc)in" and use of
se(in" mac)ines=
e fla"s)ip products are sil! and cotton patc)(or! >uilts and )a+ebeen di+ersified to ba"s2 table linen2 cus)ion co+ers2 curtains etc in order to use all t)e
material optimally=
e patc)(or! >uilts are in uni>ue desi"ns suc) t)at no t(o >uiltsare similar=
e patc)(or! also symboli<es ()at SNE%# stands for i=e= (ea+in"1*
to"et)er of li+es and communities in t)e areas (e ser+e=
e products are sold fromt)e site as (ell as t)rou") sales at corporate )ouses=
Muiltessentially Lours is SNE%#Hs Ai+eli)ood pro"ram t)at empo(ers (omen to
stren"t)en t)eir pi+otal position in t)e family= It )elps to en)ance t)eir self esteem by
teac)in" t)em to stitc) . ma!e different patc)(or! products suc) as >uilt2 ba"s2 ru"s2
)ome linen etc= -e )a+e s)o(cased and sold at Spars)2 Radiocity2 Edel(eiss2
/ymro<a #rt Gallery 2 Sanofi2 Rabo ban!2 2 Indi!aleido2 Indo ; German2Saldan)a
Dillion Race at t)e Da)alaxmi Race /ourse 2 /at)edral Sc)ool2 7ala G)oda2 Roc!
8or a cause27innari /ultural /entre2
te on t)e :urf2 #rt Dart2 Oberoi InternationalSc)ool2 Ecole Dondiale Sc)ool to name a fe(=
Our products are appreciated by o+erseas clientele too= One of our interns from 67
remar!ed B-is) our ba""a"e allo(ance (as more= -ould )a+e bou")t t)e ()ole
stoc!=
e colours are so di"nifiedB=OUR WORK
Or"anised by SNE%#2 t)e 0)ara+i iennale aims to combine art and science2 to
)i")li")t t)e contribution of t)e people of 0)ara+i to India?s economic and cultural
life2 and to s)are information on urban )ealt)=
e iennale in+ites 0)ara+i residentsto meet2 educate t)emsel+es on urban )ealt)2 learn ne( s!ills2 and produce
c)allen"in" art(or!s= It is collaboration bet(een artists of all !inds2 scientists and
acti+ists to de+elop locally resonant art(or!s t)at are aut)entic2 )onest and rele+ant=
1F
Aocated on *F 8eet Road in t)e )eart of 0)ara+i2 t)e /olour ox is our )ubK a
meetin" place2 (or!s)op space2 and "allery= #ll our #rtboxes are )eld at t)e /olour
ox2 alon" (it) s!ill de+elopment acti+ities and meetin"s of SNE%#Hs community
teams= It (ill be t)e base for +isitors to t)e #lley Galli iennale2 ()o (ill be able to
see art(or!s and t)en mo+e on to ot)er sites in 0)ara+i=
e facade (as paintedby NDE Graffiti and Ra!es) 7unc)i!or+e from Slum"ods2 ()o use t)e /olour ox
H&: W+ I6-)'0
M)0+5.)* N+:/&5. H+)*07
? #ssisted o+er 112FFF referred pre"nant (omen (it) potential complications to
deli+er safely t)rou") SNE%#;initiated referral net(or!s=
? Reac)ed out to nearly 425FF pre"nant (omen t)rou") )ome +isits2 pro+idin"
periodic counsellin" durin" pre"nancy and after c)ildbirt)=
? :rained o+er 32FFF public )ealt)care pro+iders 3doctors and nurses4 on clinical
aspects of maternal and neonatal care and effecti+e communication=
? :rained o+er 12*FF "o+ernment outreac) (or!ers o+er t)e years to address
maternal and neonatal )ealt) in communities=
C7(*2 H+)*07 N405(0(&.
11
? Screened about 142FFF c)ildren under 3 years c)ildren for malnutrition in
0)ara+i
? =/ounsel 41FF pre"nant (omen on #ntenatal /are 3#N/4 and Infant and
Loun" /)ild 8eedin" indicators 3IL/84=
? Reduced (astin" in less t)an 1 year old c)ildren by 1EG bet(een 1F11 ; 1F14=
? Pro+ides continuous trainin" and capacity buildin" to o+er 5FF "o+ernment
)ealt) (or!ers2 impro+in" upta!e of Go+ernment H:a!e %ome RationsH to
pre"nant (omen and c)ildren by 4FG=
E6-&:+56+.0< H+)*07 S+=4)*(01 A6&.;,0 A2&*+,'+.0, >EHSAS?
? Pro+ided )ealt) and life s!ills education to o+er 1F2FFF adolescents and yout)=
? Pro+ided +ocational trainin" to o+er 52FFF yout)=
? Percenta"e increase in !no(led"e on "ender and )ealt) amon"st adolescents
(as 1FG and 11G in of of our inter+ention areas=
? #naemia pilot study initiated amon" 3FF adolescents=
? 8ormation of 1F +olunteer yout) "roups2 in+ol+in" about 11F c)ildren for
reporta"e on pre+ention on +iolence and community ad+ocacy=
P5+3+.0(&. &9 V(&*+.'+ A
(.,0 W&6+. C7(*25+.? #ddressed o+er 52FFF cases of +iolence=
? :rained and sensiti<ed 425FF police officers and cadets in Dumbai=
? :rained o+er 121FF public )ospital staff to identify +iolence +ictims amon"
patients=
? Set up 3 -omenHs OP0s in lar"e public )ospitals for counsellin" and crisis
inter+ention=
? 3FF /ommunity -omen +olunteers 3San"inis4 trained to identify2 inter+ene
and refer cases of Gender ased ,iolence 3G,4=
? -or! (it) 11F men to identify to inter+ene and liase (it) t)e public system to report
cases of sexual +iolence in t)e public domain=
O45 !4.2+5,
11
O45 P)50.+5,
13
R+'&66+.2)0(&.
8rom all t)e information "at)ered and pro+ided in t)e report it can be seen t)at
$SNE%#& )as done an commendable Cob in pro+idin" t)e (omen . c)ildren t)eir
basic ri")ts of a )ealt)y . +iolence free society ()erein t)ey can li+e )appily= I
(ould li!e to su""est t)em t)at t)ey s)ould also raise a(areness for ot)er inCustices
done to (omen li!e do(ry )arassments2 rapes etc so t)at t)e sur+i+ors can lead a
peaceful life in t)eir leaders)ip=
Ot)er NGOs (or!in" for (omen and c)ildren
14
E8A40E, M(,,(&.
E!Cut (ill (or! in t)e districts in India for t)e impro+ement of maternal2 ne(born2
c)ild )ealt) and nutrition of partnerin" underser+ed2mar"inalised communities2
t)rou") t)eir empo(erment2 community based inter+entions and influence "ood
"o+ernance for impro+in" access and >uality of ser+ices=
is (ill be done t)rou")collaboratin" (it) leadin" a"encies for buildin" our researc) capacities to stren"t)en
e+idence base2 dissemination of findin"s2 en"a"ement (it) "o+ernment and net(or!s
E8A40E, V(,(&.
$E>uity and en+ironmentally sustainable de+elopment are at t)e )eart of our +ision of
a better and )ealt)ier (orld
? a (orld ()ere e+ery )uman bein" )as a ri")t to life (it) di"nity2
? a (orld t)at respects and celebrates e+ery life and di+ersity .
? one ()ere t)e +oice of it?s people "uide t)e decisions t)at s)ape t)e >uality of
our li+es&
G4(2(.; P5(.'(-*+,
? -or! (ill al(ays be (it) participation of concerned communities2 starin"
from identification of issues to e+aluation of(or!=
? Respect peoples 7no(led"e systems and abilities=
? Ensurin" community accountability and transparency=
? elief t)at (omen s)ould )a+e more t)an an e>ual s)are@say=
? Reco"nition t)at t)e state )as t)e primary responsibility for ensurin" e>uity
and Custice to all=
? Stren"t)enin" democratic practices
O45 W&58
H+)*07
Impro+in" maternal and ne(born )ealt) in depri+ed rural areas of 9)ar!)and and
Orissa t)rou") empo(erment of tribal communities?
In collaboration with International Perinatal Care Unit (IPU) of Institute of Child Health,
Funded by Health Foundation, London,
O45 -)50.+5(.; C&664.(0(+,- e!Cut?s (or! is (it) isolated communities2
predominantly belon"in" to t)e %o2 Sant)al2 Oraon2 9uan"2 Dunda and )uyian
tribal communities2 as (ell as socially disad+anta"ed non;tribal people li+in"
amon"st t)em=
ese tribal "roups spea! many different lan"ua"es2 but t)ey s)arecertain common c)aracteristics=
ey sur+i+e on subsistence farmin" and forestproduce2 supplemented by (a"e labour=
ey li+e in +illa"es and small )amlets asclans and families= Dany )a+e !ept +ery old traditions and e+ery facet of t)eir life
15
supernatural place of (ors)ip is t)e sacred "ro+es= It is t)ese aspects of t)eir
culture t)at "i+e meanin" and dept) to t)eir li+es2 and solidarity to t)eir social
structure=
eir )ealt) conditions are accentuated by (idespread po+erty2 illiteracy2malaria and malnutrition=
0e+elopment c)allen"es are furt)er exacerbated by t)e topo"rap)y of t)e area in
()ic) e!Cut (or!s2 so most sic! mot)ers and ne(borns rarely reac) a )ealt)
facility=
ere are )i") le+els of maternal and ne(born mortality in rural tribalcommunities and many of t)ese deat)s may be pre+ented (it) a better
understandin" of (ays to approac) problems (it)in t)e community=
T7+ 075++ 05)'8 )--5&)'7 (.3&*3+,:
W&58(.;
07 :&6+.E, ;5&4-, /onscious of t)e fact t)at inter+entions t)at empo(er "roups are more effecti+e and
scalable t)an indi+idually tar"eted )ealt) education pro"rammes and mobili<ation of
(omen?s "roups to impro+e )ealt) status of a population remains an essentially
untapped resource2 a )ealt) promotion inter+ention t)rou") (omen?s "roup (as
de+eloped=
16
P(*&0(.;@
is participatory process of inter+ention (as piloted in t)ree +illa"es by alocal (oman c)osen as a facilitator=
e learnin"?s from t)e pilotin" p)ase (ereincorporated into t)e manual t)at (as used in t)e proCect=
T5)(.(.; &9 9)'(*(0)0&5,: Ei")teen facilitators c)osen from local communities (ent
t)rou") trainin" in facilitation tec)ni>ues and participatory modes of communication
for conductin" t)ese meetin"s and also inputs to address issues of pre"nancy2
c)ildbirt) and ne(born )ealt)=
T7+ I.0+53+.0(&.:
rou") a series of interactions at t)e mont)ly meetin"s t)efacilitator ta!es t)e (omen?s "roup t)rou") a ‘10 meeting Participatory Learning &
Action Cycle’ Ain!= S)e encoura"es t)e (omen to discuss about t)e maternal and
ne(born problems usin" +isual aids li!e picture cards and at t)e end of t)e ten
meetin"s t)ey are able to prioriti<e t)eir problems and find appropriate strate"ies and
solutions to be implemented for t)e same= #t t)e culmination of t)e ten meetin"s a
community meetin" is )eld to inform t)e lar"er community about )o( t)e (omen
O.@;&(.; (.0+53+.0(&.:
is potentially sustainable )ealt) promotion inter+ention isno( bein" tried (it) more t)an 11F (omen?s "roups across t)ree districts= Dost of
t)ese "roups are no( implementin" t)e strate"ies t)at t)ey )ad de+eloped= Street
plays2 puppetry2 and storytellin" (ere Cust some of t)e inno+ati+e approac)es used by
t)e (omen?s "roup members durin" t)e community meetin"s to inform t)e lar"er
community about t)eir acti+ities
# system of identifyin" e+ery mot)er ()o )a+e "i+en birt) and inter+ie(in" t)em
after 41 days )as been put in place= # detailed >uestionnaire is filled in by t)e
monitors and inputted into a database for analysis at a later date=
e monitorin"1'
started in No+ember 1FF4=
#ll t)e 36 cluster of +illa"es (ill benefit from t)e )ealt) ser+ice stren"t)enin"
inter+entionsI )o(e+er2 t)e (omen?s "roup inter+ention (ill only ta!e place in )alf of
t)e clusters durin" t)e current p)ase of t)e (or! (it) t)e areas not co+ered by
(omen?s "roups= It (ill also include a cost;effecti+eness analysis to establis) ()et)er
t)e initiati+e is "ood +alue for money=
In a randomi<ed control trial it is important to measure t)e effecti+e ness of t)e
inter+ention in different clusters=
is measurement s)ould be collected concurrentlyto measure t)e effecti+eness more accurately=
In all t)e 36clusters all t)e birt)s and deat)s are bein" identified t)rou") !ey
informants=
ese !ey informants are responsible for around 15F )ouse)olds and t)eyassist t)e respecti+e monitors=
e monitor +isit t)e mot)ers )ouse and confirms t)ebirt) @ and deat) before conductin" t)e inter+ie(= Donitors collect information
re"ardin" t)e birt)@ still birt)@Neonatal deat) 3F;1E days4@ maternal deat)s@(omen
deat)=
e aseline of our proCect started from 11 No+ember2 1FF4 to 31 9uly2 1FF5 and (ecould co+er a total birt) of ; 46'12 S ; 1''2 N0 ; 15*2 D0;15
H+)*07 S+53('+, ,05+.;07+.(.;@
ere is a (ell;establis)ed need 3ori"inally stated in t)e #lma;#ta 0eclaration2 -%O21*'E4 to consolidate t)e lin!s bet(een communities and primary )ealt) care ser+ices=
-)ere ser+ices exist2 t)e reasons for t)eir under use are complex includin" p)ysical
barriers2 >uality of care and perceptions of ser+ice pro+iders= Supply and demand are
intimately lin!ed and poor ser+ice >uality may be at least partly t)e result of users
)a+in" little +oice in t)e desi"n and mana"ement of ser+ices deli+ered in t)eir name=
e creation of a more demand dri+en en+ironment for ser+ice deli+ery and a "reatersense of $o(ners)ip& of )ealt) ser+ices at community le+el mi")t t)erefore be
expected to increase rates of use= /oncerned and in+ol+ed users (it) palpable
influence are more li!ely to use ser+ices !no(led"eably and appropriately and to pay
"reater attention to )ealt) messa"es= In t)e context of impro+in" maternal and
ne(born )ealt) t)is may increase t)e li!eli)ood of )i") ris! pre"nancies and at ris!
ne(borns bein" referred to )ealt) facilities more promptly=
e proCect (ill (or!1E
ere is a definite need for )ealt) ser+ice stren"t)enin" (it)in t)e proCect area andE!Cut (ill build on t)e "ood dialo"ue t)ey already )a+e (it) Go+ernment )ealt)
officials=
e proCect is aimin" to impro+e ser+ice deli+ery at all le+els and to impro+ereferral lin!s bet(een t)em= /luster le+el )ealt) committees )a+e been formed in all
clusters2 and represent all +illa"es and )amlets (it)in t)at cluster=
ese committeesare intended to )elp users )a+e a +oice in t)e desi"n and mana"ement of ser+ices
deli+ered in t)eir name and contributes to(ards a more demand dri+en en+ironment
and ri")ts based approac) to ser+ice deli+ery= # "reater sense of $o(ners)ip& of
)ealt) ser+ices at t)e community le+el may impro+e t)e >uality of care and increase
rates of use= Dembers of t)e committees include people ()o s)o( si"ns of leaders)ip
>ualities and @ or an interest in )ealt)2 suc) as community leaders2 +illa"e )eadmen2
teac)ers2 and married (omen and t)ey become !no(led"eable of t)e "o+ernment
)ealt) system and current )ealt) sc)emes=
e committees follo( a structured actionR+)'7(.; O40
T5(/)* 3(**);+5, &9 F7)587).2 O5(,,):
ere are more t)an 'FF tribal "roups in India constitutin" around EG of t)e totalpopulation 36E million people4= Some of t)e lar"est concentrations of tribal people are
found in t)e states of 9)ar!)and and Orissa2 (it) t)e tribal population comprisin"
1EG and 11G respecti+ely.
1*
e!Cut?s (or! is (it) isolated communities2 predominantly belon"in" to t)e %o2
Sant)al2 Oraon2 9uan"2 Dunda and )uyian tribal communities2 as (ell as socially
disad+anta"ed non;tribal people li+in" amon"st t)em=
ese tribal "roups spea! manydifferent lan"ua"es2 but t)ey s)are certain common c)aracteristics=
ey sur+i+e onsubsistence farmin" and forest produce2 supplemented by (a"e labour=
ey li+e in+illa"es and small )amlets as clans and families= Dany )a+e !ept +ery old traditions
and e+ery facet of t)eir life is intimately connected (it) reli"ious belief2 ritual
practices2 and a belief in supernatural place of (ors)ip is t)e sacred "ro+es= It is t)ese
aspects of t)eir culture t)at "i+e meanin" and dept) to t)eir li+es2 and solidarity to
C7(*25+.:
-e at e!Cut are a(are t)at c)ildren face substantially different opportunities to learn
and li+e )ealt)ily in almost all populations2 dependin" on asset o(ners)ip2 "eo"rap)ic
location or parental education= Ine>ualities are perpetuated across "enerations=
ec)ildren of poorer and lo(er status parents face lo(er life c)ances2 in education2
)ealt)2 incomes and status.
W&6+.:
-e in e!Cut insist t)at -omen?s +oices must be )eard in t)e lon" o+erdue c)an"e in
our approac)2 desi"n and de+elopment of )ealt) ser+ices to ser+ice t)e needs of an
important )alf of all our communities= Ne( life cannot be"in (it)out pre"nancy and
birt) and yet e+en today2 (it) t)e scientific !no(led"e and medical ac)ie+ements2
t)ousands of (omen continue to die2 or suffer in silence because t)ey do not recei+e
3F
t)e care t)ey need or t)e respect t)ey deser+e=
Our )ealt) ser+ices could be more responsi+e to (omen?s needs and able to pro+ide
t)em (it) t)e care t)ey deser+e durin" a dan"erous and delicate time in t)eir li+es=
e sur+i+al of t)e ne(born too depends on t)e sur+i+al and (ell bein" of t)eirmot)ers= #n estimated 52E52FFF (omen die eac) year from complications of
pre"nancy and c)ild birt)2 ** G of t)em li+e in de+elopin" countries=
O+erall E!Cut )as done and continued doin" a commendable Cob in impro+in" t)e
)ealt) problems amon" (omen and )elpin" t)e mot)er?s of infant?s to brin" up t)eir
c)ildren in )ealt)y state=
B(/*(&;5)-71
Da"a<ines
-omen outloo!
31
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(((=e!Cutindia=or"
(((="yanpedia=com
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