Project Report on Impact of Modern Technology: 3G Technology

Description
3G, short for third Generation, is the third generation of mobile telecommunications technology.

i IMPACT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY CHANGES IN NETWORKS AMONG THE PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO “3G TECHNOLOGY”

ABSTRACT

The emerging technologies in the field of telecommunications enable access to high speed data services through mobile handsets and portable modems over the mobile networks. The recent statistics also shows the use of mobile broad band services are increasing and gaining popularity. In this project, we have investigated the impact of modern technology changes in networks among the people with reference to 3G technology. The existing technology like broadband, GPRS, Wi-Fi technology is compared with the 3G technology.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................................i TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................................i LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................................................................v CHAPTER 1............................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................1 1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND...........................................................................................................1 1.1.1 .Telecom Industry..........................................................................................................................4 1.1.2 Major Players................................................................................................................................4 1.1.3 What is 3G? ..................................................................................................................................5 1.1.4 Evolution of 3G Technology:.........................................................................................................6 1.1.5 The 3G Policy In Brief:.................................................................................................................7 1.1.6 Impact of The 3G Technology:......................................................................................................9

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1.1.7 The effects of 3G on society.........................................................................................................10 1.1.8 Company Profile..........................................................................................................................11 1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM ...............................................................................................13 1.3 NEED FOR THE STUDY...............................................................................................................13 1.4 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY...............................................................................13 CHAPTER 2..........................................................................................................................................14 LITERATURE SURVEY........................................................................................................................14 2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ..........................................................................................................14 2.2 RESEARCH GAP............................................................................................................................15 CHAPTER 3..........................................................................................................................................16 METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................................16 3.1 Type of Project: Survey type...........................................................................................................16 3.2 Target respondents.........................................................................................................................16 3.3 Assumptions, Constraints...............................................................................................................16 3.4 Proposed Sampling Methods .........................................................................................................17 3.4.1 Sampling Technique....................................................................................................................17 3.4.2 Sampling Procedure Actually Employed: ...................................................................................17 3.5 DATA PROCESSING.....................................................................................................................17 3.6 TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS.................................................................................................................18 CHAPTER 4 .........................................................................................................................................19 Data Analysis AND INTERPRETATION.............................................................................................19 4.1 Data Analysis..................................................................................................................................19 4.2 DATA INTERPRETATION.............................................................................................................43 CHAPTER 5..........................................................................................................................................51 CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................................51 5.1 Summaries of Findings:..................................................................................................................51 5.2 Suggestions.....................................................................................................................................55 5.3 Conclusion......................................................................................................................................57 APPENDIX...........................................................................................................................................58 A1 QUESTIONAIRE.............................................................................................................................58 REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................64

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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 4.1 :- AGE.......................................................................................................................................20 TABLE 4.2 :- GENDER...............................................................................................................................21 TABLE 4.3:-EDUCATION..........................................................................................................................22 TABLE 4.4:- OCCUPATION......................................................................................................................23 TABLE 4.5:- ARE YOU USING 3G TECHNOLOGY.............................................................................24 TABLE 4.6:- HOW LONG YOU USE 3G TECHNOLOGY...................................................................25 TABLE 4.7:- HOW DO YOU KNOW ABOUT 3G TECHNOLOGY....................................................26 TABLE 4.8:- HAVE YOU USED THE GPRS TECHNOLOGY EARLIER..........................................27 TABLE 4.9:- DO YOU USE 3G TECHNOLOGY FOR...........................................................................28 TABLE 4.10:- WHERE DID YOU USE THE 3G TECHNOLOGY MOST..........................................29 TABLE 4.11:- WHAT IS THE TIME YOU USE THE 3G TECHNOLOGY MOST...........................30 TABLE 4.12:- HAVE YOU USED THE GPRS EARLIER......................................................................31 TABLE 4.13:- REASON FOR SWITCH OVER FROM GPRS TO 3G.................................................32 TABLE 4.14:- MENTION THE USAGE LEVEL OF THE 3G TECHNOLOGY.................................33 TABLE 4.15:- MENTION THE SATISFACTION LEVEL OF THE 3G TECHNOLOGY ABOUT YOUR REQUIREMENT.............................................................................................................................34 TABLE 4.16:- . ARE YOU SATISFACTION LEVEL ABOUT THE TARIFFS OF 3G FACILITY. 35 TABLE 4.17:- HAVE YOU USED ALL THE FACILITIES IN 3G........................................................36 TABLE 4.18:- DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ALL THE FEATURES AVAILABLE IN 3G TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................................................................................37 TABLE 4.19:- DO YOU KNOW THE DRAWBACKS OF ABOUT 3G TECHNOLOGY..................38 TABLE 4.20:- DO YOU THINK THAT THE 3G TECHNOLOGY IS ESSENTIAL FOR ALL........39

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TABLE 4.21:- DO YOU NEED SOME CHANGES IN THE 3G TECHNOLOGY..............................40 TABLE 4.22:- DO YOU NEED THE CHANGES IN...............................................................................41 TABLE 4.23:- HAVE YOU REFER YOUR FRIENDS/ RELATIVES ABOUT THE 3G TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................................................................................42

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 4.1:- AGE......................................................................................................................................20 FIGURE 4.2:-GENDER...............................................................................................................................21 FIGURE 4.3:-EDUCATION........................................................................................................................22 FIGURE 4.4:- OCCUPATION....................................................................................................................23 FIGURE 4.5:- ARE YOU USING 3G TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................24 FIGURE 4.6:- HOW LONG YOU USE 3G TECHNOLOGY.................................................................25 FIGURE 4.7:- :- HOW DO YOU KNOW ABOUT 3G TECHNOLOGY...............................................26 FIGURE 4.8:- HAVE YOU USED THE GPRS TECHNOLOGY EARLIER........................................27 FIGURE 4.9 DO YOU USE 3G TECHNOLOGY FOR...........................................................................28 FIGURE 4.10:- WHERE DID YOU USE THE 3G TECHNOLOGY MOST........................................29 FIGURE 4.11:- WHAT IS THE TIME YOU USE THE 3G TECHNOLOGY MOST.........................30 FIGURE 4.12:- HAVE YOU USED THE GPRS EARLIER....................................................................31 FIGURE 4.13:- REASON FOR SWITCH OVER FROM GPRS TO 3G...............................................32 FIGURE 4.14:- MENTION THE USAGE LEVEL OF THE 3G TECHNOLOGY...............................33 FIGURE 4.15:- MENTION THE SATISFACTION LEVEL OF THE 3G TECHNOLOGY ABOUT YOUR REQUIREMENT.............................................................................................................................34 FIGURE 4.16:- . ARE YOU SATISFACTION LEVEL ABOUT THE TARIFFS OF 3G FACILITY ........................................................................................................................................................................35 FIGURE 4.17:- HAVE YOU USED ALL THE FACILITIES IN 3G......................................................36 FIGURE 4.18:- DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ALL THE FEATURES AVAILABLE IN 3G TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................................................................................37 FIGURE 4.19:- DO YOU KNOW THE DRAWBACKS OF ABOUT 3G TECHNOLOGY................38 FIGURE 4.20:- :- DO YOU THINK THAT THE 3G TECHNOLOGY IS ESSENTIAL FOR ALL. .39 FIGURE 4.21:- DO YOU NEED SOME CHANGES IN THE 3G TECHNOLOGY............................40

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FIGURE 4.22:- DO YOU NEED THE CHANGES IN.............................................................................41 FIGURE 4.23:- HAVE YOU REFER YOUR FRIENDS/ RELATIVES ABOUT THE 3G TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................................................................................42

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BSNL GPRS UMTS VAS GSM HSDPA W-CDMA SCDMA MTNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd General Packet Radio Service Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Value Added Services Global System for Mobile Communications High-Speed Downlink Packet Access Wireless Code Division Multiple Access Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan branded FOMA, in May 2001 on a pre-release of W-CDMA technology. The first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001, although it was initially somewhat limited in scope; broader availability was delayed by apparent concerns over reliability. The second network to go commercially live was by SK Telecom in South Korea on the 1xEV-DO technology in January 2002. By May 2002 the second South Korean 3G network was by KT on EV-DO and thus the Koreans were the first to see competition among 3G operators. The first European pre-commercial network was at the Isle of Man by Manx Telecom, the operator then owned by British Telecom, and the first commercial network in Europe was opened for business by Telenor in December 2001 with no commercial handsets and thus no paying customers. These were both on the W-CDMA technology. The first commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile Networks, on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology, but this network provider later shut down operations. The second 3G network operator in the USA was Verizon Wireless in October 2003 also on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO. AT&T Mobility is also a true 3G network, having completed its upgrade of the 3G network to HSUPA. The first pre-commercial demonstration network in the southern hemisphere was built in Adelaide, South Australia by m.Net Corporation in February 2002 using UMTS on 2100 MHz. This was a demonstration network for the 2002 IT World Congress. The first commercial 3G network was launched by Hutchison Telecommunications branded as Three in March 2003.

2 In December 2007, 190 3G networks were operating in 40 countries and 154 HSDPA networks were operating in 71 countries, according to the Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA). In Asia, Europe, Canada and the USA, telecommunication companies use W-CDMA technology with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks. In Europe, mass market commercial 3G services were introduced starting in March 2003 by 3 (Part of Hutchison Whampoa) in the UK and Italy. The European Union Council suggested that the 3G operators should cover 80% of the European national populations by the end of 2005. Roll-out of 3G networks was delayed in some countries by the enormous costs of additional spectrum licensing fees. (See Telecoms crash.) In many countries, 3G networks do not use the same radio frequencies as 2G, so mobile operators must build entirely new networks and license entirely new frequencies; an exception is the United States where carriers operate 3G service in the same frequencies as other services. The license fees in some European countries were particularly high, bolstered by government auctions of a limited number of licenses and sealed bid auctions, and initial excitement over 3G's potential. Other delays were due to the expenses of upgrading equipment for the new systems. By June 2007 the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected. Out of 3 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide this is only 6.7%. In the countries where 3G was launched first – Japan and South Korea – 3G penetration is over 70%. In Europe the leading country is Italy with a third of its subscribers migrated to 3G. Other leading countries by 3G migration include UK, Austria, Australia and Singapore at the 20% migration level. A confusing statistic is counting CDMA2000 1x RTT customers as if they were 3G customers. If using this definition, then the total 3G subscriber base would be 475 million at June 2007 and 15.8% of all subscribers worldwide. In Canada, Rogers Wireless was the first to implement 3G technology, with HSDPA services in eastern Canada in late 2006.Their subsidiary Fido Solutions offers

3 3G as well. Because they were the only incumbent carrier (out of 3) with UMTS/HSDPA capability. Realizing they would miss out on roaming revenue from the 2010 Winter Olympics, Bell and Telus formed a joint venture and rolled out a shared HSDPA network using Nokia Siemens technology. Bell launched their 3G wireless lineup on 4 November 2009, and Telus followed suit a day later on 5 November 2009. Mobitel Iraq is the first mobile 3G operator in Iraq. It was launched commercially on February 2007. China announced in May 2008, that the telecoms sector was re-organized and three 3G networks would be allocated so that the largest mobile operator, China Mobile, would retain its GSM customer base. China Unicom would retain its GSM customer base but relinquish its CDMA2000 customer base, and launch 3G on the globally leading WCDMA (UMTS) standard. The CDMA2000 customers of China Unicom would go to China Telecom, which would then launch 3G on the CDMA2000 1x EV-DO standard. This meant that China would have all three main cellular technology 3G standards in commercial use. Finally in January 2009, Ministry of industry and Information Technology of China has awarded licenses of all three standards ? TD-SCDMA to China Mobile, WCDMA to China Unicom and CDMA2000 to China Telecom. The launch of 3G occurred on 1 October 2009, to coincide with the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China. In November 2008, Turkey has auctioned four IMT 2000/UMTS standard 3G licenses with 45, 40, 35 and 25 MHz top frequencies. Turkcell has won the 45 MHz band with its €358 million offer followed by Vodafone and Avea leasing the 40 and 35 MHz frequencies respectively for 20 years. The 25 MHz top frequency license remains to be auctioned. The first African use of 3G technology was a 3G videocall made in Johannesburg on the Vodacom network in November 2004. The first commercial launch of 3G in Africa was by EMTEL in Mauritius on the W-CDMA standard. In north African Morocco in late March 2006, a 3G service was provided by the new company Wana.

4 T-Mobile, a major Telecommunication services provider has recently rolled out a list of over 120 U.S. cities which will be provided with 3G Network coverage in the year 2009. In 2008, India entered into 3G Mobile arena with the launch of 3G enabled Mobile and Data services by ([[BSNL]) in Bihar([Patna]). BSNL is the first Mobile operator in India to launch 3G services. After that ([MTNL]) launched [3G] in Mumbai & Delhi. Government owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) has already been provided with a 3G license and has been operating its services in 380 cities by the end of March 2010. Nation wide auction of 3G wireless spectrum in April 2010 has been announced, and 3G services by private service providers are expected by the September 2010. 1.1.1 .Telecom Industry The Indian telecommunications industry is one of the fastest growing in the world and India is projected to become the second largest telecom market globally by 2010.India added 113.26 million new customers in 2008, the largest globally. In fact, in April 2008, India had already overtaken the US as the second largest wireless market. To put this growth into perspective, the country’s cellular base witnessed close to 50 per cent growth in 2008, with an average 9.5 million customers added every month. According to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), the total number of telephone connections (mobile as well as fixed) had touched 385 million as of December 2008, taking the telecom penetration to over 33 per cent. This means that one out of every three Indians has a telephone connection, and telecom companies expect this pace of growth to continue in 2009 as well. 1.1.2 Major Players There are three types of players in telecom services: • -State owned companies (BSNL and MTNL) • -Private Indian owned companies (Reliance Infocomm, Tata Teleservices,) • -Foreign invested companies (Hutchison-Essar, Bharti Tele-Ventures,

5 Escotel, Idea Cellular, BPL Mobile, Spice Communications)

1.1.3 What is 3G? 3G (Third Generation) is the latest wireless technology. It is also known as UMTS an improvement over 2G (Second Generation) providing wireless access to the data and information to the users from anywhere and anytime. It is the latest mobile technology and in fact it is described by Cellular (2004) as being a generic name for the most of mobile technologies. 3G cellular phones were first launched in Japan in October 2001. This 3G phone was designed so users would be able to surf the Internet, view pictures of the people they are talking to, watch movies and listen to music on their handsets . International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a family of standards for wireless communications defined by the International Telecommunication Union, which includes GSM EDGE, UMTS, and CDMA2000 as well as DECT and WiMAX. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, video calls, and wireless data, all in a mobile environment. Compared to 2G and 2.5G services, 3G allows simultaneous use of speech and data services and higher data rates (up to 14.4 Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8 Mbit/s on the uplink with HSPA+). Thus, 3G networks enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Mobile telephony allowed us to talk on the move. The internet turned raw data into helpful services that people found easy to use. Now, these two technologies are converging to create third generation mobile services. In simple terms, third generation (3G) services combine high speed mobile access with Internet Protocol (IP)-based services. But this doesn’t just mean fast mobile connection to the world wide web. Rather, whole new ways to communicate, access information, conduct business, learn and be entertained - liberated from slow, cumbersome equipment

6 and immovable points of access. It will enhance and extend mobility in many areas of our lives. 1.1.4 Evolution of 3G Technology: 1G: First-generation wireless telephone technology, cell phones. These are the analog cell phone also known as AMPS that were introduced in the 1980s. 2G: Digital mobile phones, including those that use GSM, CDMA or TDMA networks, are the second generation phones. 2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow transmission. They offer data-transfer rates ranging from 9.6 kb/s to 19.2 kb/s. 2.5G: Technologies such as i-mode data services, camera phones, high-speed circuit-switched data (HSCSD) and General packet radio service (GPRS) that provide some functionality domains like 3G networks, but without the full transition to 3G network. Interim hardware and software solutions are emerging that promise to have real or perceived data transfer rates ranging from 56 kb/s to 170 kb/s. 3G: Third-generation digital-phone networks will have a nominal maximum data rate of 2 Mb/s, which can handle streaming video, two-way voice over IP, and Internet content with high-quality graphics and plug-ins to a wireless phone. According to Ericsson, 3G is a generic term that actually describes different flavors of wireless: Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000) : CDMA2000, also known as IS-136 and IMT-CDMA Multi-Carrier (1X/3X) is a radio transmission technology for the evolution of narrowband cdmaOne/IS-95 to 3rdgeneration adding up multiple carriers. Cdma2000 will be deployed in two phases.

7 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS): The name for the third generation mobile telephone standard in Europe, standardized by ETSI. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS): A packet-linked technology that enables high-speed (115 kilobit per second) wireless Internet and other data communications. GPRS will offer a tenfold increase in data throughput rates, from 9.6kbit/s to 115kbit/s. Using a packet data service, subscribers are always connected and always online. Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA): A technology for wideband digital radio communications of Internet, multimedia, video and other capacity-demanding applications. WCDMA, developed by Ericsson and others from CDMA, has been selected for the third generation of mobile telephone systems in Europe, Japan and the United States. WCDMA uses variable rate techniques in digital processing and can achieve multi-rate transmissions. WCDMA has been adopted as a standard by the ITU under the name IMT-2000 direct spread. Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE): A technology that gives GSM and TDMA the capacity to handle services for the third generation of mobile telephony. EDGE was developed to enable the transmission of large amounts of data at a high speed, 384 kb/s. EDGE uses the same TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) frame structure, logic channel and 200kHz carrier bandwidth as today's GSM networks, which allows existing cell plans to remain intact. Cellular mobile telecommunications networks are being upgraded to use 3G technologies from 1999 to 2010. Japan was the first country to introduce 3G nationally, and in Japan the transition to 3G was largely completed in 2006. Korea then adopted 3G Networks soon after and the transition was made as early as 2004.

1.1.5 The 3G Policy In Brief: • The policy calls for an auction for spectrum with different reserve price fixed for separate telecom circles. As against the demand of certain lobby groups, the

8 government has opened the market for local as well as foreign players, as long as they meet certain criteria — holding a unified access service (UAS) license or being eligible to hold UAS license. The foreign players who will be eligible to hold a UAS license will have to form JVs with local partner and can hold a maximum of 74 per cent in the JV as per the existing FDI norms in the telecom sector. However, in addition to the auction price, they will have to pay UAS license fee. • The spectrum will be auctioned in blocks of 2×5 MHz in 2.1 GHz band. There can be a maximum of 10 players in any circle and in most cases the number will vary between 5-10 players. The license will hold for 20 years and besides 3G license fee firms will have to pay spectrum usage charge. However, in the first year, the firms will not have to pay this spectrum charge which will amount to 1 per cent of annual gross revenue from the second year onwards. • The reserve price for the auction of spectrum in Delhi, Mumbai and other Circle A categories has been fixed at Rs 160 crore. Kolkata and Circle B areas will have a reserve price of Rs 80 crore and Circle C will have a floor price of Rs 30 crore. A pan India license will have a reserve price of Rs 2,020 crore. • The government is looking to garner as much as $10 billion from the auctions. While this may be small money for India (the second fastest growing emerging market in the world and also the second largest wireless market after China) compared to 3G auctions worth $34 billion in UK eight years back, one needs to factor in the disaster that the high prices caused in the British market as telecom operators struggled to generate returns.If the number of bids is less than or equal to the number of spectrum blocks in a particular circle, spectrum will be allocated to all the bidders at the highest bid price. If the number of bids are more, then the e-auction rules will be applicable. The government will appoint an external agency for the auctions. • The PSU operators — MTNL and BSNL — will get a preferential treatment. They will be allocated one block in the circles in which they are operating. They

9 need not participate in the auction but will have to shell out an amount equal to the highest bid price for that area. • At the time of allocation of the spectrum blocks will be given to bidders according to their bids. In case of a tie those having an existing operation in a circle will get a preference and in case of another tie on that criteria, those having more subscribers in that circle will get the preference. • The government has also put a mandatory rollout plan for 3G services to dissuade hoarding of spectrum. The licensee has to rollout services in 90 per cent of metro areas within five years and for other circles the license holders have to cover 50 per cent of the area which would have to include 15 per cent rural areas. There are also penalties for not meeting the rollout obligations. 1.1.6 Impact of The 3G Technology: ? Sensex up 301 pts as govt introduces 3G Norms. ? New radio spectrum to relieve overcrowding in existing systems. ? More bandwidth, security, and reliability. ? Interoperability between service providers. ? Fixed and variable data rates. ? Always-online devices. 3G will use IP connectivity, IP is packet based (not circuit based). ? Rich multimedia services. For the exchequer: Mega inflow from foreign players (including many new firms) For Consumers: High speed internet enabled and VAS straddling enhanced voice, video, data and downloading facilities on their mobile phones for the consumer. Other Stakeholders:

10 Exciting times for Venture capital and private equity backed telecom VAS firms.

1.1.7 The effects of 3G on society Some of the latest features which have been brought about by this technology are mentioned by Orange (2005) and include:
•

Video calling With 3G you can now actually see the person on the other side! As long as both people have a 3G phone you no longer have to imagine what they look like and you can see them face-to-face via your cell phone’s screen.

•

Obtaining information and news With 3G technology it is possible to access any site on the Internet by using your phone as a modem with your laptop. You can use your favourite search engines to find information on the weather, the daily news, stocks and shares, or practically any other information you require to ensure that you are continually on top of things.

•

E-mail Should you have left your office and forgotten to send an important e-mail, you are now able to quickly and efficiently perform this function directly by using your cell phone. Alternatively, you can use your cell phone as a modem to be connected to your laptop or PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).

•

Games Since the invention of cell phones, games have always formed a part of mobile devices. As technology has developed, the games we are able to engage in have become far more interactive, exciting and entertaining. For those who play games over their mobile devices for recreation purposes or for those who simply play to pass the time, 3G now makes it possible to download these games at anytime and from almost anywhere.

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•

Film The speed and quality of 3G really contributes to enhancing the quality of film over mobile devices. One is now able to view film trailers, reviews, and interviews, download ring tones, wall papers and enter competitions all by means of your cell phone.

•

Sport With the incredible sound and video quality of your 3G phone you can view highlights from your favourite matches and you’ll always have access to the latest scores.

•

Music It's now possible for you to download songs, music videos and interviews. You can even compose your own ring tone through your cell phone if you wish!

1.1.8 Company Profile Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed in October, 2000, is World's 7th largest Telecommunications Company providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India: Wire line, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP services, IN Services etc. Presently it is one of the largest & leading public sector unit in India. BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country and now focusing on improving it, expanding the network, introducing new telecom services with ICT applications in villages and wining customer's confidence. Today, it has about 46 million line basic telephone capacity, 8 million WLL capacity, 52 Million GSM Capacity, more than 38302 fixed exchanges, 46565 BTS, 3895 Node B ( 3G BTS), 287 Satellite Stations, 614755 Rkm of OFC Cable, 50430 Rkm of Microwave Network connecting 602 Districts, 7330 cities/towns and 5.6 Lakhs villages. BSNL is the only service provider, making focused efforts and planned initiatives to bridge the Rural-Urban Digital Divide ICT sector. In fact there is no telecom operator in

12 the country to beat its reach with its wide network giving services in every nook & corner of country and operates across India except Delhi & Mumbai. Whether it is inaccessible areas of Siachen glacier and North-eastern region of the country. BSNL serves its customers with its wide bouquet of telecom services. BSNL is numero uno operator of India in all services in its license area. The company offers vide ranging & most transparent tariff schemes designed to suite every customer. BSNL cellular service, CellOne, has 55,140,282 2G cellular customers and 88,493 3Gcustomers as on 30.11.2009. In basic services, BSNL is miles ahead of its rivals, with 35.1 million Basic Phone subscribers i.e. 85 per cent share of the subscriber base and 92 percent share in revenue terms. BSNL has more than 2.5 million WLL subscribers and 2.5 million Internet Customers who access Internet through various modes viz. Dial-up, Leased Line, DIAS, Account Less Internet(CLI). BSNL has been adjudged as the NUMBER ONE ISP in the country. BSNL has set up a world class multi-gigabit, multi-protocol convergent IP infrastructure that provides convergent services like voice, data and video through the same Backbone and Broadband Access Network. At present there are 0.6 million DataOne broadband customers. The company has vast experience in Planning, Installation, network integration and Maintenance of Switching & Transmission Networks and also has a world class ISO 9000 certified Telecom Training Institute. Scaling new heights of success, the present turnover of BSNL is more than Rs.351,820 million (US $ 8 billion) with net profit to the tune of Rs.99,390 million (US $ 2.26 billion) for last financial year. The infrastructure asset on telephone alone is worth about Rs.630,000 million (US $ 14.37 billion). The turnover, nationwide coverage, reach, comprehensive range of telecom services and the desire to excel has made BSNL the No. 1 Telecom Company of India.

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1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM The growth of Modern Technology changes is remarkable, But Usage of networks technology oriented services such as GPRS and Wi-Fi technology is not effective. The existing technology such as GPRS and Wi-Fi are not effective due to very low speed. The uploading or downloading cannot be done quickly. The mobile network should focus on Managing Technology change such that a new technological service is used by the various customers. 1.3 NEED FOR THE STUDY As the technology gets updated, the peoples are eager to use the new technology. The introduction of 3G technology creates impact on all peoples who use those facilities provide by the 3G technology. So it is important to find out those impacts, and also it is important to find out the peoples like and dislikes about 3G technology and also the changes needed in the existing 3G technology.

1.4 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY ? To study about the various features provided by the 3G technology. ? To study about the various area of using 3G technology. ? To study about the advantages of 3G technology over other existing technologies. ? To study about the utilization of the 3G technology among the peoples. ? To study about the changes needed in the 3G technology.

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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Accenture (2004) reports, year on year, the results of an international survey of egovernment practice. The key findings from the most recent report are the identification of several key international trends. The first one is that business models of government are being enabled by new technology which is creating new possibilities for the organisation and delivery of government services. This recursive relationship between business innovation and IT capabilities is a well established concept from research into commercial organisations and similar results are now being observed in government organisations. Ke and Wei (2004) carried out a strategic analysis of e-government evolution in Singapore (Singapore was identified as one of the clear world leaders in e-government in the Accenture survey) in order to analyse the reasons behind the success of e-government in Singapore. This research is important because it identifies important insights from an e-government innovator over a long period of time (1981 to 2004). It is also one of the best illustrations of how a single government moves through distinct stages of growth as it becomes more knowledgeable and sophisticated about the use of IT and e-government processes. Singapore was one of the first countries in the world to start to implement egovernment with its Civil Service Computerization Programme from 1981 – 1985 which was followed by two national IT plans to the present Infocomm 21 that started in 2000. One of the important outcomes from the early initiatives is the creation of a standard IT infrastructure across all government agencies and their wider eco-system including suppliers and business partners. This has made it much easier to implement the vision of ‘many agencies, one government’. Norris and Moon (2005) report the results of an extensive study into web applications in US government. They identified rapid growth in web applications in US local government but identified that the implementation of transactional based services, sometimes referred to as ‘back-office’ systems was much slower. This is significant

15 because the US, together with Canada and Singapore, has been consistently identified as leaders in e-Government in the annual accenture research studies.

2.2 RESEARCH GAP Many researchers have done project on impact of technology related to the communication. According to my knowledge no one has done the research work based on the impact of the technology changes with reference to 3G technology. From the earlier study, it is cleared that the 3G technology is solve the problem of slow usage of the internet connection.

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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 TYPE OF PROJECT: SURVEY TYPE This includes designing questionnaire for collection of data through field study, collecting data from target respondents, processing and analyzing the data and arriving at conclusions.

3.2 TARGET RESPONDENTS The target of 100 respondents from the following group has been taken for the study. ? BSNL Subscribers ? BSNL Employees

3.3 ASSUMPTIONS, CONSTRAINTS Assumptions ? Analyze the gap between the availability of services offered in 3G technology and its usage by the peoples. ? The samples are collected from the peoples using 3G technology in Chennai city. ? Let us assume that the responses from the customers are accurate. Constraints ? The project is having the constraints to get the actual usage of facilities offered in 3G technology used by the people. ? The Project work can be done with in the duration of 3 months.

17 ? The respondents may not answer for all the questions. So data collection requires more time. 3.4 PROPOSED SAMPLING METHODS 3.4.1 Sampling Technique For this study, it is proposed to adopt Random sampling method to choose target respondents for conducting survey through Questionnaire. 3.4.2 Sampling Procedure Actually Employed: The process employed to select the sample was simple random sampling. Simple random sampling refers to that sampling technique in which each and every unit of the population has an equal and same opportunity of being on the sample. In simple random sampling, which item gets selected is just a matter of chance. 4.4.3 Methods of data collection Primary data collection is through the circulation of Questionnaire to the Information technology employees. 3.5 DATA PROCESSING Descriptive research design is used in this study. Descriptive research is also called Statistical Research. The main goal of this type of research is to describe the data and characteristics about what is being studied. The idea behind this type of research is to study frequencies, averages, and other statistical calculations. Although this research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind a situation. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe "what exists" with respect to variables or conditions in a situation. ? Statement of the problem ? Identification of information needed to solve the problem ? Selection or development of instruments for gathering the information

18 ? Identification of target population and determination of sampling procedure ? Design of procedure for information collection ? Collection of information ? Analysis of information ? Generalizations and/or predictions Sample Size Sample Unit Sample Technique Sample Size : BSNL Customers and Employees : Random sampling : 100

3.6 TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS The following tool is used for the data analysis ? Percentage analysis ? Chi-Square analysis The area of research is BSNL Subscribers in Chennai dealing with Telecom industry of all over India. Research is about to be conducted in Chennai to the BSNL Customers and Staffs with the sample size of 100.

19

CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 DATA ANALYSIS Collecting the primary data using questionnaire and collecting the secondary data using the company's profile and manual. Data collected will be analyzed using statistical methods by using graphs, charts and other tools.

Data Collection Primary Data Secondary Data : Structured Questionnaire : Online Database, Journals

20

Age: Table 4.1 :- AGE S.No 1 2 3 4 Particulars 18-25 25-35 35-45 > 45 No of Respondents 29 22 24 25 Total 100 Percentage 29 22 24 25 100

Age

25%

29%

18-25 25-35 35-45

24%

22%

> 45

Figure 4.1:- AGE Inference: From the above chart 29% of the respondents 18-25, 22% of the respondents 25-35, 24% of the respondents 25-35 and 25 % of the respondents >45.

21

Gender: Table 4.2 :- GENDER S.No 1 2 Particulars male Female No of Respondents 77 23 Total 100 Percentage 77 23 100

Gender

23%

male Female

77%

Figure 4.2:-GENDER

Inference: From the above chart we got result as 77% of the respondents male, and 23% of the respondents Female.

22

Education: Table 4.3:-EDUCATION S.No 1 2 3 4 Particulars 10th 12th U.G P.G No of Respondents 6 14 65 15 Total 100 Percentage 6 14 65 15 100

Education

15%

6%

14%

10th 12th U.G P.G

65%

Figure 4.3:-EDUCATION Inference: From the above chart 6% of the respondents 10 th Standard, 14% of the respondents 12th Standard, 65% of the respondents U.G and 15 % of the respondents P.G.

23

Occupation Table 4.4:- OCCUPATION S.No 1 2 3 4 Particulars student Government employee IT sector Other private sectors No of Respondents 20 12 44 24 Total 100 Percentage 20 12 44 24 100

Occupation

24%

20%

student Government employee 12% IT sector Other private sectors

44%

Figure 4.4:- OCCUPATION

Inference: From the above chart 20% of the respondents student, 12% of the respondents Government employee, 44% of the respondents IT sector and 24 % of the respondents Other private sectors.

24

1. Are you using 3G technology? Table 4.5:- Are you using 3G technology S.No 1 2 Particulars Yes No No of Respondents 100 Total 100 Percentage 100 100

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

100%

Percentage

0% Yes No

Figure 4.5:- Are you using 3G technology

Inference: From the above chart we got result 100% of the respondents said Yes, and none of the respondents No.

25

2. How long you use 3G technology? Table 4.6:- How long you use 3G technology S.No 1 2 3 4 Particulars 1 month 2 months 3 months > 3 months No of Respondents 47 29 24 Total 100 Percentage 47 29 24 100

> 3 months

0%

3 months

24% Percentage

2 months

29%

1 month 0% 20% 40%

47% 60% 80% 100%

Figure 4.6:- How long you use 3G technology Inference: From the above chart 47% of the respondents 1 month, 29% of the respondents Government 2 months, 24% of the respondents 3 months and none of the respondents > 3 months.

26

3. How do you know about 3G technology? Table 4.7:- How do you know about 3G technology S.No 1 2 3 4 5 Particulars Tv Advertisements Sms Customer care phone call Friends Others No of Respondents 29 17 20 29 5 Total 100 Percentage 29 17 20 29 5 100

Percentage 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
e rt is

29%
ll

17%
ri e nd

20%
s

29% 5%

n ts

m e

e

ca

m s

o n

re

d ve

A

T

Figure 4.7:- :- How do you know about 3G technology Inference: From the above chart 29% of the respondents TV Advertisements, 17% of the respondents SMS, 20% of the respondents Customer care phone call and 29 % of the respondents Friends and 5% of the respondents others.

C

us to

m e

v

r

ca

F

O th e

S

p

h

rs

27

4. Have you used the GPRS technology earlier? Table 4.8:- Have you used the GPRS technology earlier S. No 1 2 Particulars Yes No No of Respondents 32 68 Total 100 Percentage 32 68 100

32% Yes No 68%

Figure 4.8:- Have you used the GPRS technology earlier Inference: From the above chart we got result 32% of the respondents said Yes, and 68% of the respondents No.

28 5. Do you use 3G technology for? Table 4.9:- Do you use 3G technology for S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Particulars Video calling E-mail Games Film Video conferencing E-learning All the above No of Respondents 4 42 18 29 3 3 1 Total 100 Percentage 4 42 18 29 3 3 1 100

1% 3% 3% 29% 4% Video calling E-mail Games 42% Film Video conferencing E-learning 18% All the above

Figure 4.9 Do you use 3G technology for Inference: From the above chart 4% of the respondents Video calling, 42% of the respondents Email, 18% of the respondents Games ,29 % of the respondents Film, 3 % of the

29 respondents Video conferencing, 3 % of the respondents E-learning, and 1% of the respondents All the above. 6. Where did you use the 3G technology most? Table 4.10:- Where did you use the 3G technology most S.No 1 2 3 4 5 Particulars Home Office Out of home Travelling Others No of Respondents 23 28 34 10 5 Total 100 Percentage 23 28 34 10 5 100

10%

5% 23% Home Office Out of home Travelling 28% Others

34%

Figure 4.10:- Where did you use the 3G technology most

Inference: From the above chart 23% of the respondents Home, 28% of the respondents Office, 18% of the respondents Games ,34 % of the respondents Out of home, 10 % of the respondents Travelling, and 5% of the respondents Others.

30

7. What is the time you use the 3G technology most? Table 4.11:- What is the time you use the 3G technology most S.No 1 2 3 4 Particulars Morning Afternoon Evening Night No of Respondents 17 36 34 13 Total 100 Percentage 17 36 34 13 100

13%

17% Morning Afternoon Evening Night 36%

34%

Figure 4.11:- What is the time you use the 3G technology most Inference: From the above chart 17% of the respondents Morning, 36% of the respondents Afternoon, 34% of the respondents Evening , and 13% of the respondents Night.

31

8. Have you used the GPRS earlier? Table 4.12:- Have you used the GPRS earlier S.No 1 2 Particulars Yes No No of Respondents 32 68 Total 100 Percentage 32 68 100

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Yes

68%
Percentage

32%

No

Figure 4.12:- Have you used the GPRS earlier

Inference: From the above chart we got result 32% of the respondents said Yes, and 68% of the respondents No.

32

9. Reason for switch over from GPRS to 3G Table 4.13:- Reason for switch over from GPRS to 3G S.No 1 2 3 4 Particulars New technology High speed More facility Attractive plans No of Respondents 26 42 22 10 Percentage 26 42 22 10 100

Total 100

10% 22%

26%

New technology High speed More facility Attractive plans

42%

Figure 4.13:- Reason for switch over from GPRS to 3G

Inference: From the above chart 26% of the respondents New technology, 42% of the respondents High speed, 22% of the respondents More facility , and 10% of the respondents Attractive plans.

33

10. Mention the usage level of the 3G technology? Table 4.14:- Mention the usage level of the 3G technology S.No 1 2 3 4 Particulars Always Rarely Frequently Sometimes No of Respondents 17 9 45 29 Total 100 Percentage 17 9 45 29 100

Percentage 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%17% 0% Always

45% 29% 9% Rarely Frequently Sometimes

Figure 4.14:- Mention the usage level of the 3G technology

Inference: From the above chart 17% of the respondents Always, 9% of the respondents Rarely, 45% of the respondents Frequently, and 29% of the respondents Sometimes.

34

11. Mention the satisfaction level of the 3G technology about your requirement? Table 4.15:- Mention the satisfaction level of the 3G technology about your requirement S.No 1 2 3 4 5 Particulars Very satisfied Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied No of Respondents 42 33 14 10 1 Percentage 42 33 14 10 1 100

Total 100

10% 1% 14%

Very satisfied Satisfied 42% Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

33%

Very dissatisfied

Figure 4.15:- Mention the satisfaction level of the 3G technology about your requirement

Inference: From the above chart 42% of the respondents Very satisfied, 33% of the respondents Satisfied, 14% of the respondents Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied ,10 % of the respondents Dissatisfied, and 1% of the respondents Very dissatisfied.

35 12. Are you satisfaction level about the tariffs of 3G facility? Table 4.16:- . Are you satisfaction level about the tariffs of 3G facility S.No 1 2 3 4 5 Particulars Very satisfied Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied No of Respondents 12 19 39 20 10 Percentage 12 19 39 20 10 100

Total 100

Percentage 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 12% Very satisfied 19% Satisfied Neither satisfied nor 39% 20% Dissatisfied 10% Very dissatisfied

Figure 4.16:- . Are you satisfaction level about the tariffs of 3G facility Inference: From the above chart 12% of the respondents Very satisfied, 19% of the respondents Satisfied, 39% of the respondents neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 20 % of the respondents Dissatisfied, and 10% of the respondents Very dissatisfied.

36 13. Have you used all the facilities in 3G? Table 4.17:- Have you used all the facilities in 3G S.No 1 2 Particulars Yes No No of Respondents 86 14 Total 100 Percentage 86 14 100

14%

Yes No

86%

Figure 4.17:- Have you used all the facilities in 3G Inference: From the above chart we got result 86% of the respondents said Yes, and 14% of the respondents No.

37

14. Do you know about all the features available in 3G technology? Table 4.18:- Do you know about all the features available in 3G technology S.No 1 2 Particulars Yes No No of Respondents 75 25 Total 100 Percentage 75 25 100

25% Yes No 75%

Figure 4.18:- Do you know about all the features available in 3G technology

Inference: From the above chart we got result 75% of the respondents said Yes, and 25% of the respondents No.

38

15. Do you know the drawbacks of about 3G technology? Table 4.19:- Do you know the drawbacks of about 3G technology S.No 1 2 Particulars Yes No No of Respondents 46 54 Total 100 Percentage 46 54 100

54%

46%

Yes No

Figure 4.19:- Do you know the drawbacks of about 3G technology

Inference: From the above chart we got result 46% of the respondents said Yes, and 54% of the respondents No.

39

16. Do you think that the 3G technology is essential for all? Table 4.20:- Do you think that the 3G technology is essential for all S.No 1 2 3 Particulars Yes No Can’t say No of Respondents 78 10 12 Total 100 Percentage 78 10 12 100

12% 10% Yes No Can’t say 78%

Figure 4.20:- :- Do you think that the 3G technology is essential for all

Inference: From the above chart we got result 78% of the respondents said Yes, 10% of the respondents No and 12% of the respondents can’t.

40

18. Do you need some changes in the 3G technology? Table 4.21:- Do you need some changes in the 3G technology S.No 1 2 Particulars Yes No No of Respondents 16 84 Total 100 Percentage 16 84 100

16% Yes No 84%

Figure 4.21:- Do you need some changes in the 3G technology

Inference: From the above chart we got result 16% of the respondents said Yes, and 84% of the respondents No.

41

19. Do you need the changes in Table 4.22:- Do you need the changes in S.No 1 2 3 4 Particulars Accessing Speed Facilities Cost of initialization Others No of Respondents 23 28 29 20 Total 100 Percentage 23 28 29 20 100

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Accessing Speed Facilities Cost of initialization Others 23% 28% 29% 20% Percentage

Figure 4.22:- Do you need the changes in

Inference: From the above chart 23% of the respondents Accessing Speed, 28% of the respondents Facilities, 29% of the respondents Cost of initialization, and 20% of the respondents Others.

42

20. Have you refer your friends/ relatives about the 3G technology? Table 4.23:- Have you refer your friends/ relatives about the 3G technology S.No 1 2 3 Particulars Yes No Can’t say No of Respondents 49 38 13 Total 100 Percentage 49 38 13 100

13%

Yes 49% 38% No Can’t say

Figure 4.23:- Have you refer your friends/ relatives about the 3G technology

Inference: From the above chart we got result 49% of the respondents said Yes, 38% of the respondents No and 13% of the respondents can’t say.

43

4.2 DATA INTERPRETATION Chi- Square Test A chi-square test (also chi-squared or ?2 test) is any statistical hypothesis test in which the sampling distribution of the test statistic is a chi-square distribution when the null hypothesis is true, or any in which this is asymptotically true, meaning that the sampling distribution (if the null hypothesis is true) can be made to approximate a chisquare distribution as closely as desired by making the sample size large enough. For testing, any relationship between two variables the chi square test is suitable, Chi square test – Test of independence Chi-square (?2) is done by using the formula: ? (O– E) 2 / E Where, O = Observed frequency E = Expected frequency Hypothesis of the study 1. Chi-square analysis of sex of the respondent and the usage of facilities in 3G technology Hypothesis: HO – There is relation between sex of the respondent and the usage of facilities in 3G technology Observed Frequency Table 1 Sex Male Female Total Current investment Yes No 71 6 15 86 8 14 Total 77 23 100

44

Expected Frequency Table 2 Sex Male Female Total Current investment Yes No 60 17 20 80 3 20 Total 77 23 100

Chi-square analysis Table 3 S.No. 1 2 3 4 Total Observed Frequency (O) 71 6 15 8 Expected Frequency (E) 60 17 20 3 (O-E) 11 -11 -5 5 (O-E)^2 121 121 25 25 (O-E)^2/E 2.01 7.11 1.25 8.33 18.7

Degrees of Freedom: (m-1) * (n-1) (2-1) * (2-1) =1 Tabulated value of degrees of freedom (1) @ 5% level of significance = 3.841 The Calculated value > The Tabulated value. Therefore H0 is rejected.

45

Inference: There is no relation between sex of the respondent and the usage of facilities in 3G technology. 2. Chi-square analysis of sex of the respondent and knowledge about all the features available in 3G technology Hypothesis: HO – There is relation between sex of the respondent and knowledge about all the features available in 3G technology Observed Frequency Table 1 Sex Male Female Total Current investment Yes 75 No 25 60 17 15 75 8 25 Total 77 23 100

Expected Frequency Table 2 Sex Male Female Total Current investment Yes No 50 13 25 75 12 25 Total 63 27 100

46

Chi-square analysis Table 3 S.No. 1 2 3 4 Total Observed Frequency (O) 60 17 15 8 Expected Frequency (E) 50 13 25 12 (O-E) 10 4 -10 -4 (O-E)^2 100 16 100 16 (O-E)^2/E 2 1.23 4 1.33 8.56

Degrees of Freedom: (m-1) * (n-1) (2-1) * (2-1) =1 Tabulated value of degrees of freedom (1) @ 5% level of significance = 3.841 The Calculated value > The Tabulated value. Therefore H0 is rejected. Inference: There is no relation between sex of the respondent and knowledge about all the features available in 3G technology. 3. Chi-square analysis of sex of the respondent and the changes needed in the 3G technology Hypothesis: HO – There is relation between sex of the respondent and the changes needed in the 3G technology

47

Observed Frequency Table 1 Sex Male Female Total Current investment Yes No 6 71 8 14 15 86 Total 77 23 100

Expected Frequency Table 2 Sex Male Female Total Current investment Yes No 17 60 3 20 20 80 Total 77 23 100

Chi-square analysis Table 3 S.No. 1 2 3 4 Total Observed Frequency (O) 6 71 8 15 Expected Frequency (E) 17 60 3 20 (O-E) -11 11 5 -5 (O-E)^2 121 121 25 25 (O-E)^2/E 7.11 2.01 8.33 1.25 18.7

48 Degrees of Freedom: (m-1) * (n-1) (2-1) * (2-1) =1 Tabulated value of degrees of freedom (1) @ 5% level of significance = 3.841 The Calculated value > The Tabulated value. Therefore H0 is rejected. Inference: There is no relation between sex of the respondent and the changes needed in the 3G technology. 4. Chi-square analysis of sex of the respondents and the place of using 3G technology most. Hypothesis: H0 – There is relation between sex of the respondents and the place of using 3G technology most. Observed Frequency sex place of using 3G technology most Home Male Female Total 13 10 23 Office 23 5 28 Out of home 30 4 34 Travelling 7 3 10 Others 4 1 5 77 23 100 Total

49 Expected Frequency sex place of using 3G technology most Strongly Agree Male Female Total 12 11 23 Agree Neither Agree or Disagree 29 5 34 Disagree Strongly disagree 3 2 5 68 32 100 Total

22 6 28

6 4 10

Chi-square analysis Table 3 S.No. Observed Frequency (O)
13 23 30 7 4 10 5 4 3 1

Expected Frequency (E)
12 22 29 6 3 11 6 5 4 2

(O-E)

(O-E)^2

(O-E)^2/E

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0.083333 0.045455 0.034483 0.166667 0.333333 0.090909 0.166667 0.2 0.25 0.5 1.870846

TOTAL

50 Degrees of Freedom: ( m-1 ) * ( n-1 ) (2-1) * (5-1) =4 Tabulated value of degrees of freedom (4) @ 5% level of significance = 9.49 Calculated value < tabulated value. Therefore H0 is accepted. Inference: There is strong relation between sex of the respondents and the place of using 3G technology most.

51

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION

5.1 SUMMARIES OF FINDINGS: ? 29% of the respondents are having age between 18-25, 22% of the respondents are having age between 25-35, 24% of the respondents are having age between 25-35 and 25 % of the respondents are having age greater than 45.

? 77% of the respondents are male, and 23% of the respondents are female.

? 6% of the respondents 10th Standard, 14% of the respondents 12th Standard, 65% of the respondents U.G and 15 % of the respondents P.G.

? 20% of the respondents student, 12% of the respondents Government employee, 44% of the respondents IT sector and 24 % of the respondents Other private sectors.

? All the respondents are using 3G technology.

? 47% of the respondents are using 3G technology for 1 month, 29% of the respondents are using 3G technology for 2 months, 24% of the respondents are

52 using 3G technology for 3 months and none of the respondents are using 3G technology greater than 3 months.

? Response for the know mode of 3G technology, the responses are 29% of the respondents TV Advertisements, 17% of the respondents SMS, 20% of the respondents Customer care phone call and 29 % of the respondents Friends and 5% of the respondents others.

? 32% of the respondents are used GPRS, and 68% of the respondents are not used GPRS.

? Response for the usage of 3G technology, 4% of the respondents Video calling,

42% of the respondents E-mail, 18% of the respondents Games ,29 % of the respondents Film, 3 % of the respondents Video conferencing, 3 % of the respondents E-learning, and 1% of the respondents All the above.

? Response for the place of using 3G technology, 23% of the respondents Home,

28% of the respondents Office, 18% of the respondents Games ,34 % of the respondents Out of home, 10 % of the respondents Travelling, and 5% of the respondents Others.

53 ? Response for the time of using 3G technology, 17% of the respondents Morning, 36% of the respondents Afternoon, 34% of the respondents Evening , and 13% of the respondents Night.

? 32% of the respondents are used GPRS earlier, and 68% of the respondents are not used GPRS earlier.

? Response for the reason of shifting from GPRS to 3G technology, 26% of the respondents New technology, 42% of the respondents High speed, 22% of the respondents More facility , and 10% of the respondents Attractive plans.

? Response for the level of usage of 3g technology, 17% of the respondents Always, 9% of the respondents Rarely, 45% of the respondents Frequently, and 29% of the respondents Sometimes.

? Response for the satisfaction level about the 3G technology, 42% of the

respondents Very satisfied, 33% of the respondents Satisfied, 14% of the respondents Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 10 % of the respondents Dissatisfied, and 1% of the respondents Very dissatisfied.

? Response for the satisfaction level about the tariffs for 3G technology, 12% of the

respondents Very satisfied, 19% of the respondents Satisfied, 39% of the

54 respondents neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 20 % of the respondents Dissatisfied, nor 10% of the respondents Very dissatisfied.

? 86% of the respondents are using all the facilities in 3G, and 14% of the respondents are not using all the facilities in 3G.

? 75% of the respondents are known about the features in 3G, and 25% of the respondents are not known about the features in 3G.

? 46% of the respondents are known about the drawbacks of 3G, and 54% of the respondents are not known about the drawbacks of 3G.

? 78% of the respondents are said that the 3G technology is essential for all, 10% of the respondents are said that the 3G technology is not essential for all and 12% of the respondents are not want to say anything.

? 16% of the respondents are said that they need changes in 3G technology, and 84% of the respondents are said that they don’t need any changes in 3G technology.

55 ? Response for the changes in 3G, 23% of the respondents Accessing Speed, 28% of the respondents Facilities, 29% of the respondents Cost of initialization, and 20% of the respondents Others.

? Response for giving reference about 3G technology to their friends / relatives, 49% of the respondents said Yes, 38% of the respondents No and 13% of the respondents can’t say.

5.2 SUGGESTIONS

? Regarding categorization the usage of 3G based on the respondents age all the age groups are using the 3G technology. In general the youths are highly using the any new technology rather than other age group of peoples. But from the survey is not reflecting the general condition. It is due to the unawareness about the 3G in the youth age groups. To over com this situation the 3G service provider must publish more advertisement regarding the 3G technology in any media.

? The promotion strategy for the 3G technology the television is got the high number of response, although it got the maximum response. It is not up to the target level. So the service providers should concentrate about the advertisement areas to attract the new customers. The way of attracting the customers is to announcement of the discounts about a new plan purchase. Or some offers.

? In the usage of 3G technology the most of the respondents are using the e-mail

facility, then the most of the respondents are using it for play online games, But

56 the usage about the other facilities like video calling, Video conferencing, Elearning they are not up to the high usage level. The 3G service provider must announce any offers to use those services.

? There is low percentage of respondents are using 3G due to its attractive plans, in order to increase attract the customers, they should give some attractive plans as the suggestion given above.

? Some minimum amount of respondents are using the 3G technology rarely, for those customers, the service providers should give usage plan according to the usage of the customer. It will be helpful for them to save their money. ? Some low amounts of the respondents are dissatisfied about the fulfillment about their requirement in 3G technology. The service provider should concentrate in this issues to fulfill the customer requirements.

? Some low amounts of the respondents are dissatisfied about the tariffs of 3G technology. The service provider should concentrate in these issues to reduce the tariffs to satisfy the customer requirements.

? Some of the respondents are not using all the facilities in 3G technology. It may be due to the unawareness about the facilities available in 3G. the service provider should arrange a customer care team to make aware the operations and schemes involved in the 3G technology.

57

? Most of the respondents are not know about the disadvantages of 3G technology. It is also a duty of the customer care to explain about all the disadvantages of using the 3g technology. If the customers are aware about the disadvantages, they will be using the 3G technology in a safer manner.

? The customers are need changes in 3G technology in Accessing Speed, Facilities; Cost of initialization, the service provider must concentrate in this issue to satisfy the customers.

5.3 CONCLUSION

When a new technology is introduced, it will automatically creates a issues about the impact of the new technology in the market. The 3G technology creates lot of impact in the communication technology, from this study the various features or the facilities provided by the 3G technology to the customers are discussed, The various areas of using the 3g technology is also discussed, the advantages of 3G technology over other existing technologies is discussed, the utilization of the 3G technology among the peoples is studied and the changes needed in the 3G technology is studied. It is concluded that the 3G is creates the positive impact in the people who use the 3g technology. The drawback is that only low amount of the advertising strategy and the poor promotion, the high initiation cost and also the unawareness about the facilities provided by the service provider. If the service provider can rectify these problems in future, definitely the 3G technology wil create very high impact on it’s customers.

58

APPENDIX

A1 QUESTIONAIRE Name: Age: a)18-25 b) 25-35 c) 35-45 d) > 45 Sex: a) male b) Female Education: a) 10th b) 12th c) U.G d) P.G Occupation a) student

59 b) Government employee c) IT sector d) Other private sectors

60

1. Are you using 3G technology? a) Yes b) No 2. How long you use 3G technology? a) 1 month b) 2 months c) 3 months d) > 3 months 3. How do you know about 3G technology? a) TV Advertisements b) Sms c) Customer care phone call d) Friends e) Others 4. Have you used the GPRS technology earlier? a) Yes b) No 5. Do you use 3G technology for? a) Video calling b) E-mail c) Games d) Film e) Video conferencing f) E-learning g) All the above

61 6. Where did you use the 3G technology most? a) Home b) Office c) Out of home d) Travelling e) Others 7. What is the time you use the 3G technology most? a) Morning b) Afternoon c) Evening d) Night 8. Have you use the GPRS earlier? a) Yes b) No 9. Reason for switch over from GPRS to 3G a) New technology b) High speed c) More facility d) Attractive plans 10. Mention the usage level of the 3G technology? a) Always b) Rarely c) Frequently d) Sometimes

62

11. Mention the satisfaction level of the 3G technology about your requirement? a) Very satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied d) Dissatisfied e) Very dissatisfied 12. Are you satisfaction level about the tariffs of 3G facility? a) Very satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied d) Dissatisfied e) Very dissatisfied 13. Have you used all the facilities in 3G? a) Yes b) No 14. Do you about all the features available in 3G technology? a) Yes b) No 15. Do you know the drawbacks of about 3G technology? a) Yes b) No 16. Do you think that the 3G technology is essential for all? a) Yes b) No c) Can’t say

63

17. Mention the satisfaction level for the following Options Technology Highly satisfie d satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied

Accessing Speed Facilities Data transfer

3G GPRS 3G GPRS 3G GPRS 3G

Cost of initializatio GPRS n 18. Do you need some changes in the 3G technology? a) Yes b) No If yes, mention the changes needed-----------19. Do you need the changes in a) Accessing Speed b) Facilities c) Cost of initialization d) Others 20. Have you refer your friends/ relatives about the 3G technology? a) Yes b) No c) Can’t say

64

REFERENCES
1) Introduction to 3G mobile communications Juha Korhonen - 2003 - 544 pages 2) Broadband wireless mobile: 3G and beyond Willie W. Lu - 2002 - 376 pages



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