Description
"Natural gas engines are friendly to the environment, affordable, and practical. The technology has proven its reliability, and the cars are available in the market."
The first industrial PtG plant –
Audi e-gas as driver for the energy turnaround
CEDEC Gas Day 2014, Verona , 27th of May 2014
Reinhard Otten | Sustainable Product Development | AUDI AG
Observations…
?Natural gas is a big business, but not yet in the transport sector
(most important exception in Europe: Italy!)
?Big run on new exploration technologies rather than on really
sustainable, renewable solutions
?Focus still strongly on fossil sources and on traditional consumers
(power generation, industry, homes – no passenger cars)
?There a doubts about new investments into gas infrastructure
The good news to remember…
?Audi (and the Volkswagen Group) have identified mobility based on
methane as an important pillar of GHG reduction
?Audi has built the world‘s first industrial Power-to-Gas plant (6 MW),
enabling the storage of renewable electric power in the natural gas
grid
?The green (excess) energy converted into synthetic methane (also
called synthetic natural gas, SNG) is made available to owners of
Audi CNG passenger cars by means of a fueling card
Prof. Dr. Martin Winterkorn, CEO Volkswagen Group
• Vienna 2013, 34th Powertrain
Symposium:
• “Natural gas engines are friendly to the
environment, affordable, and practical. The
technology has proven its reliability, and
the cars are available in the market.”
• “We have to increase the public awareness
of the advantages of natural gas vehicles.
All stakeholders are expected to help: Car
industry, politics, and fuel companies.”
CNG vehicles in the Volkswagen Group (Europe) + Scania
Caddy
Touran Passat
up!
Caddy Maxi
Passat Var.
Mii
Citigo Octavia Octavia SW
Ecolution
Golf Golf Variant
Lion´s City
Leon Leon ST
Skoda
A3 g-tron
The new Audi A3 Sportback g-tron
? Production since
December 2013
? Available in EU
markets
? 1,4 litre TFSI
(DI Turbo)
? 110 hp
? 200 Nm / 1400 rpm
? 123 mph
?25.900 € (Germany)
Audi future lab tron-experience
Audi A3 Sportback g-tron
?First CNG Audi
(based on the MQB modular concept)
?High efficiency:
3,2 – 3,3 kg / 100 km,
88 – 92 g/km (natural gas mode)
?same GHG effect as 60 mpg
gasoline car
?Bifuel concept:
Range on natural gas > 400 km
Range on gasoline: 1000 km
Dedicated CNG platform: Engine, „ Omega“ rear axle, package
Audi A3 g-tron:
Just one example of the new
Modular CNG Concept
in the Volkswagen Group
Composite pressure tanks:
Saving 54 kg by making use
of new lightweight concepts
Total weight:
< 1.300 kg
Total range:
> 1.400 km
> 880 miles
Audi A3 g-tron:
Just one example of the new
Modular CNG Concept
in the Volkswagen Group
MQB:
Modular Concept for
- Subcompact
- Compact
- Midsize
passenger cars
of the
Volkswagen Group
Biofuels Biofuels Fossil fuels Fossil fuels ??
Audi A3 Sportback e-tron (PHEV)
Top speed in electric mode 75 mph
Range in electric mode ~32 miles
Total range ~580 miles
? BEVs and PHEVs are part of the solution – but green electricity is crucial for low GHG balance
Audi e-tron models
?The Volkswagen Group will invest about 600 million € into
renewable energy production until 2016
What happens to the electrical energy that is
not needed directly?
Simulation of German electricity grid with
a renewable energy proportion of 78 %
The expansion of wind and solar energy will lead to an electric power surplus at many times
in Germany - this is already occurring locally
Residual load according to all consumers and load management and pumped storage (meteorol. year 2007)
60
40
20
0
?20
?40
?60
?80
?100
?120
Deficit
Excess
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
R
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
l
o
a
d
[
G
W
]
Excesses: -187.7 TWh
Deficits: 43.5 TWh
Source: Fraunhofer IWES simulation, 2010
Partners Audi e-gas project
The world‘s first industrial Power-to-Gas application:
The Audi e-gas plant in Werlte (Northern Germany)
The functional principle of e-gas
Electricity H
2
Methanation
CNG vehicle
CO
2
-neutral operation of
g-tron vehicles
CO
2
CH
4
CH
4
Electrolysis
CH
4
Gas
distribution
system,
industry,
houses
Gas-fired power plant
Overview Audi e-gas plant
Details of the Audi e-gas plant in Werlte (Northern Germany)
Electrolyzers (3 x 2 MW) Methanation Unit
Key Performance Indicators Audi e-gas plant (Werlte)
Energy content e-gas (average) 13,85 kWh/kg
Electricity input (prognosis) 26 – 29 GWh/a
Power input electrolyzers 3 x 2 MW
Efficiency „ power to gas“ (without using heat) 54 %
Max. H
2
output 1300 Nm³/h
Max. H
2
storage time 60 min
Max. e-gas output 325 Nm³/h
Operation time (prognosis) 4.000 h/a
e-gas output (prognosis) 1000 t/a
Simulation: How would a PtG plant run in function of prices at the electric power
spot market?
• Running especially at night and during the weekends
• Making use of times of low demand and ongoing renewable energy production
• Turning on/off 33 times in one month
Starting process of electrolyzer (Audi e-gas plant Werlte):
< 30 sec. until response to control power demand, 240 sec. until max. power
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1
1
0
1
9
2
8
3
7
4
6
5
5
6
4
7
3
8
2
9
1
1
0
0
1
0
9
1
1
8
1
2
7
1
3
6
1
4
5
1
5
4
1
6
3
1
7
2
1
8
1
1
9
0
1
9
9
2
0
8
2
1
7
2
2
6
2
3
5
2
4
4
2
5
3
[
N
m
³
/
h
]
[
k
W
]
Sekunden
Elektrische Leistung am Elektrolyseur H2_Produktion Poly. (H2_Produktion)
Starting process of methanation: ~ 5 min. until feed-in quality
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
5
5
1
7
7
1
9
9
2
2
1
2
4
3
2
6
5
2
8
7
3
0
9
3
3
1
3
5
3
3
7
5
3
9
7
4
1
9
4
4
1
4
6
3
4
8
5
5
0
7
5
2
9
5
5
1
5
7
3
5
9
5
6
1
7
6
3
9
6
6
1
6
8
3
7
0
5
7
2
7
7
4
9
7
7
1
7
9
3
8
1
5
8
3
7
8
5
9
8
8
1
[
N
m
³
/
h
]
%
Sekunden
e-gas Einspeisung CH4_Konzentration H2_Konzentration
CO2_Konzentration Prüfung_CH4 Prüfung_H2
Power-to-Gas: Audi e-gas plant in Werlte (Northern Germany)
Q
u
e
l
l
e
:
E
W
E
N
e
t
z
Ideal supplement: CO
2
-neutral mobility for short and long distances
e-power
(e-tron)
e-gas
(g-tron)
e-hydrogen
(HFC)
Audi e-gas Project:
• CO
2
-neutral mobility for three drive concepts
• Fuels from renewable energy sources, CO
2
and water
• Impulses for expanding renewable energy sources
.
Why synthetic methane – and not just hydrogen?
? Existing infrastructure, feed-in without any restrictions at any time
Pipelines, network, facilities, storage in caverns, natural gas power stations, …
? 3,5 times higher storage capacity
Hydrogen needs much more space (or pressure…) for the same amount of energy
? Handling much easier
Hydrogen is the smallest existing molecule….
? Existing and affordable consumer applications – CH
4
is already an universal energy carrier
CNG cars and busses, CNG/LNG trucks, ships, industry (methane is also a raw material!)
? Methanation heat losses (~ 170° C) are not necessarily lost
Aud e-gas plant makes use of methanation heat in the purification process of the CO
2
-delivering biomethane
plant
? Flexibility – and methane opens the door for hydrogen!
Depending on the market situation and the infrastructure, energy can be transferred between different energy
carriers.
And: If you have a Power-to-Gas plant, there is always an electrolyzer…
How does the e-gas come to the Audi customer? (1/3)
?Consulting at point of sales
?Audi Partner offers
e-gas option to CNG customer
?Customer signs prepaid contract to
get Audi e-gas
How does the e-gas come to the Audi customer? (2/3)
…filling the gas tank… Driving to gas station…
… paying with
Audi e-gas fuel card
?Paying and communication of the gas amount to the Audi server
in one step
?Balancing of the gas quantities taken out of the grid (fueling station)
and those fed in by Audi (Audi e-gas plant)
How does the e-gas come to the Audi customer? (3/3)
?Regular reporting of the used
Audi e-gas quantity
?Reporting of CO
2
reduction
(interesting for fleets with GHG policy)
The Audi e-gas project helps to tackle important challenges of the future in the
mobility and the energy sector
„ Energy turnaround“
(Storage of renewable energy,
control of power grid)
Today Tomorrow and today
CO
2
-neutral energy for
extra-urban mobility
Conclusions
?CNG vehicles are a big issue for Audi and the Volkswagen Group
?Methane is an universal energy carrier with different climate neutral options
?The natural gas infrastructure is a crucial element for the introduction of
renewable energies into the electric power grid (back up power, flexibility, storage,
…)
?Power-to-Gas is the only available technology of high capacity for long term
storage
?Mobility is the strongest driver for a positive PtG business case
?CNG infrastructure should be improved in order to make more renewable energy
possible in the mobility sector
Thank you!
Reinhard Otten | Sustainable Product Development | AUDI AG
[email protected]
Greenhouse gas footprint in the case of
the compact class
Mileage: 200,000 km
CO
2
-equivalent
[g/km]
Fossil fuel
(gasoline)
Fossil-
generated
natural gas
(CNG)
Biomethane
(corn)
BEV
(wind-produced
electricity)
BEV
(EU electric
power mix)
- 85% CO
2
(well-to-wheel)
e-gas
(wind-produced
electricity)
Vehicle use (tank-to-wheel)
Vehicle production
Fuel production (well-to-tank)
168
Global trends and general constraints
Challenges
for the automotive
industry
Climate change Climate change Urbanization Urbanization
Political framework Political framework
Scarcity of resources Scarcity of resources Markets in upheaval Markets in upheaval
New technologies New technologies Shifting values Shifting values
doc_555264716.pdf
"Natural gas engines are friendly to the environment, affordable, and practical. The technology has proven its reliability, and the cars are available in the market."
The first industrial PtG plant –
Audi e-gas as driver for the energy turnaround
CEDEC Gas Day 2014, Verona , 27th of May 2014
Reinhard Otten | Sustainable Product Development | AUDI AG
Observations…
?Natural gas is a big business, but not yet in the transport sector
(most important exception in Europe: Italy!)
?Big run on new exploration technologies rather than on really
sustainable, renewable solutions
?Focus still strongly on fossil sources and on traditional consumers
(power generation, industry, homes – no passenger cars)
?There a doubts about new investments into gas infrastructure
The good news to remember…
?Audi (and the Volkswagen Group) have identified mobility based on
methane as an important pillar of GHG reduction
?Audi has built the world‘s first industrial Power-to-Gas plant (6 MW),
enabling the storage of renewable electric power in the natural gas
grid
?The green (excess) energy converted into synthetic methane (also
called synthetic natural gas, SNG) is made available to owners of
Audi CNG passenger cars by means of a fueling card
Prof. Dr. Martin Winterkorn, CEO Volkswagen Group
• Vienna 2013, 34th Powertrain
Symposium:
• “Natural gas engines are friendly to the
environment, affordable, and practical. The
technology has proven its reliability, and
the cars are available in the market.”
• “We have to increase the public awareness
of the advantages of natural gas vehicles.
All stakeholders are expected to help: Car
industry, politics, and fuel companies.”
CNG vehicles in the Volkswagen Group (Europe) + Scania
Caddy
Touran Passat
up!
Caddy Maxi
Passat Var.
Mii
Citigo Octavia Octavia SW
Ecolution
Golf Golf Variant
Lion´s City
Leon Leon ST
Skoda
A3 g-tron
The new Audi A3 Sportback g-tron
? Production since
December 2013
? Available in EU
markets
? 1,4 litre TFSI
(DI Turbo)
? 110 hp
? 200 Nm / 1400 rpm
? 123 mph
?25.900 € (Germany)
Audi future lab tron-experience
Audi A3 Sportback g-tron
?First CNG Audi
(based on the MQB modular concept)
?High efficiency:
3,2 – 3,3 kg / 100 km,
88 – 92 g/km (natural gas mode)
?same GHG effect as 60 mpg
gasoline car
?Bifuel concept:
Range on natural gas > 400 km
Range on gasoline: 1000 km
Dedicated CNG platform: Engine, „ Omega“ rear axle, package
Audi A3 g-tron:
Just one example of the new
Modular CNG Concept
in the Volkswagen Group
Composite pressure tanks:
Saving 54 kg by making use
of new lightweight concepts
Total weight:
< 1.300 kg
Total range:
> 1.400 km
> 880 miles
Audi A3 g-tron:
Just one example of the new
Modular CNG Concept
in the Volkswagen Group
MQB:
Modular Concept for
- Subcompact
- Compact
- Midsize
passenger cars
of the
Volkswagen Group
Biofuels Biofuels Fossil fuels Fossil fuels ??
Audi A3 Sportback e-tron (PHEV)
Top speed in electric mode 75 mph
Range in electric mode ~32 miles
Total range ~580 miles
? BEVs and PHEVs are part of the solution – but green electricity is crucial for low GHG balance
Audi e-tron models
?The Volkswagen Group will invest about 600 million € into
renewable energy production until 2016
What happens to the electrical energy that is
not needed directly?
Simulation of German electricity grid with
a renewable energy proportion of 78 %
The expansion of wind and solar energy will lead to an electric power surplus at many times
in Germany - this is already occurring locally
Residual load according to all consumers and load management and pumped storage (meteorol. year 2007)
60
40
20
0
?20
?40
?60
?80
?100
?120
Deficit
Excess
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
R
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
l
o
a
d
[
G
W
]
Excesses: -187.7 TWh
Deficits: 43.5 TWh
Source: Fraunhofer IWES simulation, 2010
Partners Audi e-gas project
The world‘s first industrial Power-to-Gas application:
The Audi e-gas plant in Werlte (Northern Germany)
The functional principle of e-gas
Electricity H
2
Methanation
CNG vehicle
CO
2
-neutral operation of
g-tron vehicles
CO
2
CH
4
CH
4
Electrolysis
CH
4
Gas
distribution
system,
industry,
houses
Gas-fired power plant
Overview Audi e-gas plant
Details of the Audi e-gas plant in Werlte (Northern Germany)
Electrolyzers (3 x 2 MW) Methanation Unit
Key Performance Indicators Audi e-gas plant (Werlte)
Energy content e-gas (average) 13,85 kWh/kg
Electricity input (prognosis) 26 – 29 GWh/a
Power input electrolyzers 3 x 2 MW
Efficiency „ power to gas“ (without using heat) 54 %
Max. H
2
output 1300 Nm³/h
Max. H
2
storage time 60 min
Max. e-gas output 325 Nm³/h
Operation time (prognosis) 4.000 h/a
e-gas output (prognosis) 1000 t/a
Simulation: How would a PtG plant run in function of prices at the electric power
spot market?
• Running especially at night and during the weekends
• Making use of times of low demand and ongoing renewable energy production
• Turning on/off 33 times in one month
Starting process of electrolyzer (Audi e-gas plant Werlte):
< 30 sec. until response to control power demand, 240 sec. until max. power
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1
1
0
1
9
2
8
3
7
4
6
5
5
6
4
7
3
8
2
9
1
1
0
0
1
0
9
1
1
8
1
2
7
1
3
6
1
4
5
1
5
4
1
6
3
1
7
2
1
8
1
1
9
0
1
9
9
2
0
8
2
1
7
2
2
6
2
3
5
2
4
4
2
5
3
[
N
m
³
/
h
]
[
k
W
]
Sekunden
Elektrische Leistung am Elektrolyseur H2_Produktion Poly. (H2_Produktion)
Starting process of methanation: ~ 5 min. until feed-in quality
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
5
5
1
7
7
1
9
9
2
2
1
2
4
3
2
6
5
2
8
7
3
0
9
3
3
1
3
5
3
3
7
5
3
9
7
4
1
9
4
4
1
4
6
3
4
8
5
5
0
7
5
2
9
5
5
1
5
7
3
5
9
5
6
1
7
6
3
9
6
6
1
6
8
3
7
0
5
7
2
7
7
4
9
7
7
1
7
9
3
8
1
5
8
3
7
8
5
9
8
8
1
[
N
m
³
/
h
]
%
Sekunden
e-gas Einspeisung CH4_Konzentration H2_Konzentration
CO2_Konzentration Prüfung_CH4 Prüfung_H2
Power-to-Gas: Audi e-gas plant in Werlte (Northern Germany)
Q
u
e
l
l
e
:
E
W
E
N
e
t
z
Ideal supplement: CO
2
-neutral mobility for short and long distances
e-power
(e-tron)
e-gas
(g-tron)
e-hydrogen
(HFC)
Audi e-gas Project:
• CO
2
-neutral mobility for three drive concepts
• Fuels from renewable energy sources, CO
2
and water
• Impulses for expanding renewable energy sources
.
Why synthetic methane – and not just hydrogen?
? Existing infrastructure, feed-in without any restrictions at any time
Pipelines, network, facilities, storage in caverns, natural gas power stations, …
? 3,5 times higher storage capacity
Hydrogen needs much more space (or pressure…) for the same amount of energy
? Handling much easier
Hydrogen is the smallest existing molecule….
? Existing and affordable consumer applications – CH
4
is already an universal energy carrier
CNG cars and busses, CNG/LNG trucks, ships, industry (methane is also a raw material!)
? Methanation heat losses (~ 170° C) are not necessarily lost
Aud e-gas plant makes use of methanation heat in the purification process of the CO
2
-delivering biomethane
plant
? Flexibility – and methane opens the door for hydrogen!
Depending on the market situation and the infrastructure, energy can be transferred between different energy
carriers.
And: If you have a Power-to-Gas plant, there is always an electrolyzer…
How does the e-gas come to the Audi customer? (1/3)
?Consulting at point of sales
?Audi Partner offers
e-gas option to CNG customer
?Customer signs prepaid contract to
get Audi e-gas
How does the e-gas come to the Audi customer? (2/3)
…filling the gas tank… Driving to gas station…
… paying with
Audi e-gas fuel card
?Paying and communication of the gas amount to the Audi server
in one step
?Balancing of the gas quantities taken out of the grid (fueling station)
and those fed in by Audi (Audi e-gas plant)
How does the e-gas come to the Audi customer? (3/3)
?Regular reporting of the used
Audi e-gas quantity
?Reporting of CO
2
reduction
(interesting for fleets with GHG policy)
The Audi e-gas project helps to tackle important challenges of the future in the
mobility and the energy sector
„ Energy turnaround“
(Storage of renewable energy,
control of power grid)
Today Tomorrow and today
CO
2
-neutral energy for
extra-urban mobility
Conclusions
?CNG vehicles are a big issue for Audi and the Volkswagen Group
?Methane is an universal energy carrier with different climate neutral options
?The natural gas infrastructure is a crucial element for the introduction of
renewable energies into the electric power grid (back up power, flexibility, storage,
…)
?Power-to-Gas is the only available technology of high capacity for long term
storage
?Mobility is the strongest driver for a positive PtG business case
?CNG infrastructure should be improved in order to make more renewable energy
possible in the mobility sector
Thank you!
Reinhard Otten | Sustainable Product Development | AUDI AG
[email protected]
Greenhouse gas footprint in the case of
the compact class
Mileage: 200,000 km
CO
2
-equivalent
[g/km]
Fossil fuel
(gasoline)
Fossil-
generated
natural gas
(CNG)
Biomethane
(corn)
BEV
(wind-produced
electricity)
BEV
(EU electric
power mix)
- 85% CO
2
(well-to-wheel)
e-gas
(wind-produced
electricity)
Vehicle use (tank-to-wheel)
Vehicle production
Fuel production (well-to-tank)
168
Global trends and general constraints
Challenges
for the automotive
industry
Climate change Climate change Urbanization Urbanization
Political framework Political framework
Scarcity of resources Scarcity of resources Markets in upheaval Markets in upheaval
New technologies New technologies Shifting values Shifting values
doc_555264716.pdf