Description
Cutlery are tools used for preparing, serving and eating food. The most common types of cutlery are knives, spoons and forks.
The best quality cutlery is often made of silver, though steel is often used. In a restaurant, they are often served wrapped in a cloth napkin (serviette). Plastic cutlery is used for eating fast food, because it can be thrown away.
In the United States, these are more often called "utensils". They are also often called "silverware", even when they are not made of silver.
Cutlery refers to any hand implement used in preparing, serving, and especially eating food in the Western world. It is more usually known as silverware or flatware in the United States, where cutlery usually means knives and related cutting instruments. This is probably the original meaning of the word. Since silverware suggests the presence of silver, the term tableware has come into use.
The major items of cutlery in the Western world are the knife, fork and spoon. In recent times, hybrid versions of cutlery have been made combining the functionality of different eating implements, including the spork (spoon / fork), spife (spoon / knife), and knork (knife / fork) or the sporf which is all three.
SAKET COLLEGE OF ARTS SCIENCE AND COMMERCE KALYAN [E].
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI 2012-2013 SUBJECT; PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT
STANDARD; S.Y BMS [4th SEMESTER]
PROJECT TOPIC; PRODUCTION PROCESS OF CUTLERY
PREPARED BY; ? ? ? ? ? LEENCYCIL BADIGER ASLAM SHAIKH PAWAN BARAI ANUP SHARMA ASHISH YADAV 02 03 21 22 25
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF; PROF; DEEPALI SHARMA.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We hereby express our heartiest thanks to all sources who have contributed to the making of this project. we oblige thanks to all those who have supported, provided their valuable guidance and helped for the accomplishment of this project.. we also extent our hearty thanks to our family, friends, and all the wellwishers. I also would like to thanks my project guide Prof; Deepali Mam for her guidance and timely suggestion and the information provided by her on this particular topic.
Introduction to Cutlery
Cutlery are tools used for preparing, serving and eating food. The most common types of cutlery are knives, spoons and forks. The best quality cutlery is often made of silver, though steel is often used. In a restaurant, they are often served wrapped in a cloth napkin (serviette). Plastic cutlery is used for eating fast food, because it can be thrown away. In the United States, these are more often called "utensils". They are also often called "silverware", even when they are not made of silver. Cutlery refers to any hand implement used in preparing, serving, and especially eating food in the Western world. It is more usually known as silverware or flatware in the United States, where cutlery usually means knives and related cutting instruments. This is probably the original meaning of the word. Since silverware suggests the presence of silver, the term tableware has come into use. The major items of cutlery in the Western world are the knife, fork and spoon. In recent times, hybrid versions of cutlery have been made combining the functionality of different eating implements, including the spork (spoon / fork), spife (spoon / knife), and knork (knife / fork) or the sporf which is all three.
Introduction to Deep Cutlery
Deep Metal Products - Moulding Relationship since 1976
A leading brand of stainless steel cutlery in India, Deep Metal Products offers a wide variety of elegant cutlery. Contemporary inspiration fused with classic design. Designs from a bygone era in a modern mould. Our designs are inspirations and an aesthetic add-on to any gastronomic delight. Deep Metal Products believes that quality is fundamental to the creation of any of our products. Stringent quality checks by the best recruits possible ensure that every piece of cutlery that passes through our factory is perfect in every way. Our modern and sophisticated manufacturing unit is based in Dahanu, strategically located about 120 km from Mumbai, India's commercial hub. Our unique 'Tool Room' enables clientele to create custom made-to-order designs. Today, Deep Metal Products can be found in malls all over the country. be it gold-plated gift items or silver-plated cutlery. We also serve a wide spectrum of clientele from the Airline, Hospitality and even the Global markets.
Some of the esteemed clients of deep cutlery are: National & International Airlines, National & International star hotels departmental stores, reputed shops, caterers, institutions, club, resorts, exporters and more
Raw Materials required for making of cutlery
The raw material of silverware is stainless steel, sterling silver, or, in the case of silver-plate, a base metal (such as a high-quality copper alloy) over which a layer of silver is electrically deposited. Stainless steel is a combination of steel, chrome and nickel. The finest grade of metal used in producing quality lines is 18/8 stainless steel. This means that it contains 18 percent chrome, 8 percent nickel. Stainless steel is very popular because of its easy care, durability, and low price. The majority of silver is obtained as a byproduct of the extraction of lead, copper and zinc. Silver is separated from smelted lead bullion by the Parkes process, in which zinc is added to the molten bullion that has been heated to above the melting point of zinc. When the zinc has dissolved, the mixture is cooled and a crust of zinc-silver alloy forms on the surface, because the silver combines more readily with zinc than with lead. The crust is removed, pressed to remove excess lead and then processed in a retort to recover the zinc for reuse, leaving a silver-lead bullion with a high silver content. Further refining of the bullion is carried out in a cupellation furnace, where air is blown across the surface of the molten metal to oxidize the lead and other impurities to a slag, leaving the silver, which is cast into anode blocks. Final purification of the silver is made by an electrolytic process. Sterling silver consists of 925 pure silver and 75 parts of an alloy (usually copper). This proportion is fixed by law and therefore never varies. The copper alloy adds durability without sacrificing the natural beauty and workability of silver. Silverplate is the result of a process that bonds pure silver (silver more pure than sterling) to a strong base metal. The resulting tableware is durable, has the look and feel of silver, but is much less expensive than sterling.
The Manufacturing Process
? Selections are designed according to customer or International requirements. ? Molds are made in an internal workshop that uses the latest technology and is
equipped with the best machines operated by trained engineers and technicians. ? Suitable material selection for each design.
1. Blanking
Production begins with rectangular, flat blanks of stainless steel, sterling silver, or in the case of plated flatware, an alloy. Large rolls are stamped in individual blanks, which are flat pieces roughly the same shape as the piece to be produced.
2. Rolling
Through a series of rolling operations, these blanks are graded or rolled to the correct thickness and shapes required by the manufacturer's flatware patterns. First the blanks are rolled crosswise from left to right, right to left, and lengthwise, then trimmed to outline. Each spoon, for instance, must be thick at the base of the handle to resist bending. This gives graded pieces the right balance and a good feel in the hand. Each piece is now in the form of a cleanly finished shape in the rough dimension of the utensil. ‘
3. Annealing
Between operations, the blanks must pass through annealing ovens to soften the metal for further machine operations. The annealing, done under great heat, must be very accurately controlled so the final piece will be resistant to bending and to nicks and dents when in use. The last annealing is the most .
The First step in cutlery manufacture involves blanking the stainless steel or sterling silver to the proper shape. A series of rolling operations then gives the piece the correct thickness. After heat treatment and trimming, the piece has a pattern embossed on it in a stamping operation. Finally, the piece is buffed and polished. Because the pieces must be just the right degree of hardness when they are embossed. Then the metal can be forced easily into all the tiny details in the dies and the ornamentation will be faithfully reproduced.
4. Cutting to outline
The rolled blanks are placed in the cutout press by an operator, to remove the excess metal and to fashion the shape of the piece. This process is similar to cutting shapes from rolled dough. The shape of the piece is cut out of the metal and the excess metal is remelted and transformed back into sheets of metal to be used again. This trimming must ensure an accurate fit of the pieces into the dies when the design is applied.
5. Forming the pattern
The next step is the forming of the pattern. Each pattern has its own hardened steel dies — two dies for each piece, one with the pattern for the front of the piece, and the other with the pattern for the back of the piece. These are carefully set in the hammers by die setters. The operator quickly places a piece in place under the drop hammer, which descends with a hydraulic pressure of 200 tons. (The bases of the drop hammers are bedded in 160 cubic yards of cement.) The metal is squeezed into every tiny detail of the ornamentation in the die, embossing the pattern on the piece. The blow of the hammer hardens the piece for use in the home. Surplus metal around the outline of the piece is then removed by clipping presses.
6. Special steps — knife, spoon, and fork
Special steps are necessary for the creation of knives, spoons, forks, and holloware pieces. To make the hollow handle for the knife, after two strips of metal are formed to shape, they are then soldered together, buffed and polished until the seam is no longer visible. The blade and handle are
This illustrations shows how a fork looks after each operation is performed. Although the tines are pierced before the pattern is applied, the strip of metal that connects the tines together isn't removed until after the pattern is embossed .
Bowl Stamping ? By means of a stamping press, bowls are given their shape. With the spoon, after the
pattern has been embossed upon the front and back of the handle, the next step is the forming of the bowl. The forming is done again under the same powerful drop hammers from accurate steel dies. Each bowl requires two hammer blows. Surplus metal around the outline of the spoon is removed by clipping presses. A small burr still remains to be removed at a later operation.
?
The forming of fork tines is a similar process to that of the forming of the spoon's bowl, but the operation takes place before the pattern is applied to the handle. After a fork is cut to outline, it is pierced and tined: the tines are pieced out, and the small piece of metal that holds the tip of the tines together is removed in another operation after the pattern has been applied.
7. Silver plating
For the silver-plated pieces, the electroplating process is an additional step. The pieces are first prepared by being buffed so that the edges are smooth and the surfaces are free from small holes. When the buffing is completed, the pieces are given a thorough cleaning with as many as 12 different chemical solutions. Finally, they undergo electrolysis, in which a layer of silver is electrically deposited over the base metal.
8. Buffing and sand polishing
The knives, forks and spoons are now 1 0J buffed, then polished. Depending on the pattern, special finishing processes can give silver-plated and sterling silver pieces a bright, mirrorlike finish, a soft, satiny glow, or a brushed or florentine finish.
9. Quality Control
Final inspection checks the pieces for chafes, scratches, rough spots between a fork's tines, discoloration, or any other flaws that might have occurred when the pieces were stamped, shaped and polished.
10. Brand printing
After checking the quality of cutlery the next step will be brand printing in this process, brand name is printed on the cutlery. Brand printing plays an important role in identification of the product
11. Packaging
In the manufacturing process the last step is packaging. Packaging is the enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. They are packed and labeled in the proper manner and send to the dealers according to their orders.
Final Steps
? ? ? The flat-ware is packed according to customers’ requests and to ensure the delivery of the e cutlery in the same condition as they left the factory.. The products are Classified and and stored. The products are Shipped to customers
Thank you..!!
doc_326476589.pdf
Cutlery are tools used for preparing, serving and eating food. The most common types of cutlery are knives, spoons and forks.
The best quality cutlery is often made of silver, though steel is often used. In a restaurant, they are often served wrapped in a cloth napkin (serviette). Plastic cutlery is used for eating fast food, because it can be thrown away.
In the United States, these are more often called "utensils". They are also often called "silverware", even when they are not made of silver.
Cutlery refers to any hand implement used in preparing, serving, and especially eating food in the Western world. It is more usually known as silverware or flatware in the United States, where cutlery usually means knives and related cutting instruments. This is probably the original meaning of the word. Since silverware suggests the presence of silver, the term tableware has come into use.
The major items of cutlery in the Western world are the knife, fork and spoon. In recent times, hybrid versions of cutlery have been made combining the functionality of different eating implements, including the spork (spoon / fork), spife (spoon / knife), and knork (knife / fork) or the sporf which is all three.
SAKET COLLEGE OF ARTS SCIENCE AND COMMERCE KALYAN [E].
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI 2012-2013 SUBJECT; PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT
STANDARD; S.Y BMS [4th SEMESTER]
PROJECT TOPIC; PRODUCTION PROCESS OF CUTLERY
PREPARED BY; ? ? ? ? ? LEENCYCIL BADIGER ASLAM SHAIKH PAWAN BARAI ANUP SHARMA ASHISH YADAV 02 03 21 22 25
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF; PROF; DEEPALI SHARMA.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We hereby express our heartiest thanks to all sources who have contributed to the making of this project. we oblige thanks to all those who have supported, provided their valuable guidance and helped for the accomplishment of this project.. we also extent our hearty thanks to our family, friends, and all the wellwishers. I also would like to thanks my project guide Prof; Deepali Mam for her guidance and timely suggestion and the information provided by her on this particular topic.
Introduction to Cutlery
Cutlery are tools used for preparing, serving and eating food. The most common types of cutlery are knives, spoons and forks. The best quality cutlery is often made of silver, though steel is often used. In a restaurant, they are often served wrapped in a cloth napkin (serviette). Plastic cutlery is used for eating fast food, because it can be thrown away. In the United States, these are more often called "utensils". They are also often called "silverware", even when they are not made of silver. Cutlery refers to any hand implement used in preparing, serving, and especially eating food in the Western world. It is more usually known as silverware or flatware in the United States, where cutlery usually means knives and related cutting instruments. This is probably the original meaning of the word. Since silverware suggests the presence of silver, the term tableware has come into use. The major items of cutlery in the Western world are the knife, fork and spoon. In recent times, hybrid versions of cutlery have been made combining the functionality of different eating implements, including the spork (spoon / fork), spife (spoon / knife), and knork (knife / fork) or the sporf which is all three.
Introduction to Deep Cutlery
Deep Metal Products - Moulding Relationship since 1976
A leading brand of stainless steel cutlery in India, Deep Metal Products offers a wide variety of elegant cutlery. Contemporary inspiration fused with classic design. Designs from a bygone era in a modern mould. Our designs are inspirations and an aesthetic add-on to any gastronomic delight. Deep Metal Products believes that quality is fundamental to the creation of any of our products. Stringent quality checks by the best recruits possible ensure that every piece of cutlery that passes through our factory is perfect in every way. Our modern and sophisticated manufacturing unit is based in Dahanu, strategically located about 120 km from Mumbai, India's commercial hub. Our unique 'Tool Room' enables clientele to create custom made-to-order designs. Today, Deep Metal Products can be found in malls all over the country. be it gold-plated gift items or silver-plated cutlery. We also serve a wide spectrum of clientele from the Airline, Hospitality and even the Global markets.
Some of the esteemed clients of deep cutlery are: National & International Airlines, National & International star hotels departmental stores, reputed shops, caterers, institutions, club, resorts, exporters and more
Raw Materials required for making of cutlery
The raw material of silverware is stainless steel, sterling silver, or, in the case of silver-plate, a base metal (such as a high-quality copper alloy) over which a layer of silver is electrically deposited. Stainless steel is a combination of steel, chrome and nickel. The finest grade of metal used in producing quality lines is 18/8 stainless steel. This means that it contains 18 percent chrome, 8 percent nickel. Stainless steel is very popular because of its easy care, durability, and low price. The majority of silver is obtained as a byproduct of the extraction of lead, copper and zinc. Silver is separated from smelted lead bullion by the Parkes process, in which zinc is added to the molten bullion that has been heated to above the melting point of zinc. When the zinc has dissolved, the mixture is cooled and a crust of zinc-silver alloy forms on the surface, because the silver combines more readily with zinc than with lead. The crust is removed, pressed to remove excess lead and then processed in a retort to recover the zinc for reuse, leaving a silver-lead bullion with a high silver content. Further refining of the bullion is carried out in a cupellation furnace, where air is blown across the surface of the molten metal to oxidize the lead and other impurities to a slag, leaving the silver, which is cast into anode blocks. Final purification of the silver is made by an electrolytic process. Sterling silver consists of 925 pure silver and 75 parts of an alloy (usually copper). This proportion is fixed by law and therefore never varies. The copper alloy adds durability without sacrificing the natural beauty and workability of silver. Silverplate is the result of a process that bonds pure silver (silver more pure than sterling) to a strong base metal. The resulting tableware is durable, has the look and feel of silver, but is much less expensive than sterling.
The Manufacturing Process
? Selections are designed according to customer or International requirements. ? Molds are made in an internal workshop that uses the latest technology and is
equipped with the best machines operated by trained engineers and technicians. ? Suitable material selection for each design.
1. Blanking
Production begins with rectangular, flat blanks of stainless steel, sterling silver, or in the case of plated flatware, an alloy. Large rolls are stamped in individual blanks, which are flat pieces roughly the same shape as the piece to be produced.
2. Rolling
Through a series of rolling operations, these blanks are graded or rolled to the correct thickness and shapes required by the manufacturer's flatware patterns. First the blanks are rolled crosswise from left to right, right to left, and lengthwise, then trimmed to outline. Each spoon, for instance, must be thick at the base of the handle to resist bending. This gives graded pieces the right balance and a good feel in the hand. Each piece is now in the form of a cleanly finished shape in the rough dimension of the utensil. ‘
3. Annealing
Between operations, the blanks must pass through annealing ovens to soften the metal for further machine operations. The annealing, done under great heat, must be very accurately controlled so the final piece will be resistant to bending and to nicks and dents when in use. The last annealing is the most .
The First step in cutlery manufacture involves blanking the stainless steel or sterling silver to the proper shape. A series of rolling operations then gives the piece the correct thickness. After heat treatment and trimming, the piece has a pattern embossed on it in a stamping operation. Finally, the piece is buffed and polished. Because the pieces must be just the right degree of hardness when they are embossed. Then the metal can be forced easily into all the tiny details in the dies and the ornamentation will be faithfully reproduced.
4. Cutting to outline
The rolled blanks are placed in the cutout press by an operator, to remove the excess metal and to fashion the shape of the piece. This process is similar to cutting shapes from rolled dough. The shape of the piece is cut out of the metal and the excess metal is remelted and transformed back into sheets of metal to be used again. This trimming must ensure an accurate fit of the pieces into the dies when the design is applied.
5. Forming the pattern
The next step is the forming of the pattern. Each pattern has its own hardened steel dies — two dies for each piece, one with the pattern for the front of the piece, and the other with the pattern for the back of the piece. These are carefully set in the hammers by die setters. The operator quickly places a piece in place under the drop hammer, which descends with a hydraulic pressure of 200 tons. (The bases of the drop hammers are bedded in 160 cubic yards of cement.) The metal is squeezed into every tiny detail of the ornamentation in the die, embossing the pattern on the piece. The blow of the hammer hardens the piece for use in the home. Surplus metal around the outline of the piece is then removed by clipping presses.
6. Special steps — knife, spoon, and fork
Special steps are necessary for the creation of knives, spoons, forks, and holloware pieces. To make the hollow handle for the knife, after two strips of metal are formed to shape, they are then soldered together, buffed and polished until the seam is no longer visible. The blade and handle are
This illustrations shows how a fork looks after each operation is performed. Although the tines are pierced before the pattern is applied, the strip of metal that connects the tines together isn't removed until after the pattern is embossed .
Bowl Stamping ? By means of a stamping press, bowls are given their shape. With the spoon, after the
pattern has been embossed upon the front and back of the handle, the next step is the forming of the bowl. The forming is done again under the same powerful drop hammers from accurate steel dies. Each bowl requires two hammer blows. Surplus metal around the outline of the spoon is removed by clipping presses. A small burr still remains to be removed at a later operation.
?
The forming of fork tines is a similar process to that of the forming of the spoon's bowl, but the operation takes place before the pattern is applied to the handle. After a fork is cut to outline, it is pierced and tined: the tines are pieced out, and the small piece of metal that holds the tip of the tines together is removed in another operation after the pattern has been applied.
7. Silver plating
For the silver-plated pieces, the electroplating process is an additional step. The pieces are first prepared by being buffed so that the edges are smooth and the surfaces are free from small holes. When the buffing is completed, the pieces are given a thorough cleaning with as many as 12 different chemical solutions. Finally, they undergo electrolysis, in which a layer of silver is electrically deposited over the base metal.
8. Buffing and sand polishing
The knives, forks and spoons are now 1 0J buffed, then polished. Depending on the pattern, special finishing processes can give silver-plated and sterling silver pieces a bright, mirrorlike finish, a soft, satiny glow, or a brushed or florentine finish.
9. Quality Control
Final inspection checks the pieces for chafes, scratches, rough spots between a fork's tines, discoloration, or any other flaws that might have occurred when the pieces were stamped, shaped and polished.
10. Brand printing
After checking the quality of cutlery the next step will be brand printing in this process, brand name is printed on the cutlery. Brand printing plays an important role in identification of the product
11. Packaging
In the manufacturing process the last step is packaging. Packaging is the enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. They are packed and labeled in the proper manner and send to the dealers according to their orders.
Final Steps
? ? ? The flat-ware is packed according to customers’ requests and to ensure the delivery of the e cutlery in the same condition as they left the factory.. The products are Classified and and stored. The products are Shipped to customers
Thank you..!!
doc_326476589.pdf