netrashetty
Netra Shetty
Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) is a US-based multinational electronic commerce company. Headquartered in Seattle, Washington, it is the largest online retailer in the United States, with nearly three times the Internet sales revenue of the runner up, Staples, Inc., as of January 2010.
Jeff Bezos founded Amazon.com, Inc. in 1994 and the site went online in 1995. The company was originally named Cadabra, Inc., but the name was changed when it was discovered that people sometimes heard the name as "Cadaver". The name Amazon.com was chosen because the Amazon River is one of the largest rivers in the world and so the name suggests large size, and also in part because it starts with "A" and therefore would show up near the beginning of alphabetical lists. Amazon.com started as an online bookstore, but soon diversified, selling DVDs, CDs, MP3 downloads, computer software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, and toys. Amazon has established separate websites in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and China. It also provides international shipping to certain countries for some of its products.
Competence centres programme
** EE launched the competence centres programme in January 2003. The measure is used to support long-term co-operation ties between enterprises and research institutions for the purpose of implementing market-orientated research and development activities.
** The budget for the competence centres programme which is funded from the European Regional Development Fund is set at one billion Estonian kroons until 2013, with the maximum amount available for each individual development centre being 120 million Estonian kroons.
** By October last year, all competence centres were supposed to submit their intent for the participation in the programme to the EE. In total, 29 applications were submitted by research institutions which have been established by enterprises and universities. EE brought similar groups together and fourteen applications made it to the next round.
** Eight CCs which required funding were short-listed from among the fourteen applications for the establishment of competence centres. Apart from that of the European Regional Development Fund, co-financing will be available for approximately one hundred partnering enterprises.
** A committee which consisted of fifty experts assessed the applications, those experts including general experts and internationally recognised specialists and experts in their respective fields. The greatest amount of attention was given to the research capacity of the centres that had been established, something that is required by enterprises in order that they might be able to launch new, innovative products and services.
** Since 2004, the EE has contributed approximately 200 million Estonian kroons to the activities of five competence centres. These are the Competence Centre of Food and Fermentation Technology, the Bio-Competence Centre of Healthy Dairy Products, the Competence Centre in Electronics, Info- and Communication Technologies ELIKO, the Competence Centre for Cancer Research, and the Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Centre.
Eight CCs were born out of co-operation ties between enterprises and research institutions
Competence Centre of Food and Fermentation Technology (CCFFT)
Food Laboratory of the CCFFT develops new ice cream, confectionery, and bread and dairy production technologies. Extending the shelf-life of products and improving the functionality of foods are its main goals. As the result of the work that has so far been conducted, the sales performance levels and the awareness of brand marks of the companies involved will improve.
Another important sphere is the participation in co-operation projects with the Dutch, Canadian, Finnish and Estonian companies and research institutions, all of which are aimed at the development and sale of technologies and hardware and software all over the world.
Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Centre (NanoCC)
NanoTAK is mostly involved in performing common research projects in the field of nanotechnology and the development of new materials for its partners and other stakeholders.
The Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Centre has two main research fields: nano-structural gas sensors and functional nano-materials. The goal of the first research field is to considerably improve the measures in use for the detection of toxic, environmentally hazardous, explosive or just unpleasant gases. Improving the sensitivity of sensor elements and defining lower power requirements, combined with wireless technologies and increasingly stricter environmental and safety standards, will help to increase the use of gas sensors in industries, offices, households, and in the general monitoring environment. The first solutions to be suitable for final producers will be completed as the result of co-operation ties between NanoCC, Evikon MCI and other partners, and will hopefully be completed in a couple of years.
The aim of the other research field is to identify alternatives for combining various nano-structures with common everyday materials in order to improve some of their functional properties. Today, the greatest amount of attention is being given to the implementation of carbon-nanotubes. In co-operation with Estiko-Plastar, opportunities are being examined in order to diminish the importance of oil products in plastic materials; to increase the durability of certain building materials while diminishing the energy consumption requirements of production processes in co-operation with the Clay Processing Service and some other partners; solutions for increasing the durability of textile production and decreasing raw material content are being studied with Haine Ribbon Factory. In addition to the implementation of carbon-nanotubes, functional surface treatment materials such as electro-optical glass which is based on nano and micro-structures are being developed in co-operation with Andrese Klaas and Printcenter Estonia.
Software Technologies and Applications Competence Centre (STACC – Software CC)
The main fields for the STACC include software development methodologies (software systems which work faster, better and have higher levels of quality), and data extraction methods, or how to outsource interesting and important information from bulk data collections.
Such research will result in methods for analysing the e-healthcare information in order to improve public health and provide high-quality diagnostic tools, analytical methods ensuring personal privacy (such as in health care, or banking) and alternatives for developing better software, for example.
The most well-known technological partners of the CC are Webmedia, Regio, Cybernetica, Quretec, Logica and KnowIT and Skype, Swedbank, Delfi and the East Tallinn Medical Centre as the users of such technologies.
OÜ Bio-Competence Centre of Healthy Dairy Products (CC)
The research by this CC focuses on the development of innovative, research-based platforms for the development of sustainable milk production and novel healthy products.
The main research fields include biotechnology and human health.
Breeders of livestock and geneticists, feeding specialists, microbiologists, milk technologists, nutrition specialists, bio-chemists and doctors have joined together their efforts within the framework of the CC projects in order to scientifically digest and improve the milk production chain as a whole, starting from the breeding and feeding of livestock, and ending up with the production of healthy milk products. The aim is to increase the competitiveness of the dairy sector of Estonia. The objective of the centre is to use new biotechnical methods to create new solutions and new, innovative technologies for the production of health-supporting, research-based products which aim to help mitigate diseases, which are required on the domestic market and which feature a high export potential.
The participants are the dairy cooperative, E-Piim, the Animal Breeders Association of Estonia, Starter ST OÜ, the Estonian University of Life Sciences, and the University of Tartu. The partners are a collection of smaller and larger dairy companies and farms.
For example, Lactobacillus plantarum TENSIA™, a bacteria which affects blood pressure, was discovered and developed as the result of co-operation ties between the researchers of the Bio-Competence Centre at Healthy Dairy Products and the University of Tartu; the bacteria was used by the dairy co-operative, E-Piim, to produce a healthy cheese brand called Südamejuust (Heart-Friendly Cheese).
Jeff Bezos founded Amazon.com, Inc. in 1994 and the site went online in 1995. The company was originally named Cadabra, Inc., but the name was changed when it was discovered that people sometimes heard the name as "Cadaver". The name Amazon.com was chosen because the Amazon River is one of the largest rivers in the world and so the name suggests large size, and also in part because it starts with "A" and therefore would show up near the beginning of alphabetical lists. Amazon.com started as an online bookstore, but soon diversified, selling DVDs, CDs, MP3 downloads, computer software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, and toys. Amazon has established separate websites in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and China. It also provides international shipping to certain countries for some of its products.
Competence centres programme
** EE launched the competence centres programme in January 2003. The measure is used to support long-term co-operation ties between enterprises and research institutions for the purpose of implementing market-orientated research and development activities.
** The budget for the competence centres programme which is funded from the European Regional Development Fund is set at one billion Estonian kroons until 2013, with the maximum amount available for each individual development centre being 120 million Estonian kroons.
** By October last year, all competence centres were supposed to submit their intent for the participation in the programme to the EE. In total, 29 applications were submitted by research institutions which have been established by enterprises and universities. EE brought similar groups together and fourteen applications made it to the next round.
** Eight CCs which required funding were short-listed from among the fourteen applications for the establishment of competence centres. Apart from that of the European Regional Development Fund, co-financing will be available for approximately one hundred partnering enterprises.
** A committee which consisted of fifty experts assessed the applications, those experts including general experts and internationally recognised specialists and experts in their respective fields. The greatest amount of attention was given to the research capacity of the centres that had been established, something that is required by enterprises in order that they might be able to launch new, innovative products and services.
** Since 2004, the EE has contributed approximately 200 million Estonian kroons to the activities of five competence centres. These are the Competence Centre of Food and Fermentation Technology, the Bio-Competence Centre of Healthy Dairy Products, the Competence Centre in Electronics, Info- and Communication Technologies ELIKO, the Competence Centre for Cancer Research, and the Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Centre.
Eight CCs were born out of co-operation ties between enterprises and research institutions
Competence Centre of Food and Fermentation Technology (CCFFT)
Food Laboratory of the CCFFT develops new ice cream, confectionery, and bread and dairy production technologies. Extending the shelf-life of products and improving the functionality of foods are its main goals. As the result of the work that has so far been conducted, the sales performance levels and the awareness of brand marks of the companies involved will improve.
Another important sphere is the participation in co-operation projects with the Dutch, Canadian, Finnish and Estonian companies and research institutions, all of which are aimed at the development and sale of technologies and hardware and software all over the world.
Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Centre (NanoCC)
NanoTAK is mostly involved in performing common research projects in the field of nanotechnology and the development of new materials for its partners and other stakeholders.
The Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Centre has two main research fields: nano-structural gas sensors and functional nano-materials. The goal of the first research field is to considerably improve the measures in use for the detection of toxic, environmentally hazardous, explosive or just unpleasant gases. Improving the sensitivity of sensor elements and defining lower power requirements, combined with wireless technologies and increasingly stricter environmental and safety standards, will help to increase the use of gas sensors in industries, offices, households, and in the general monitoring environment. The first solutions to be suitable for final producers will be completed as the result of co-operation ties between NanoCC, Evikon MCI and other partners, and will hopefully be completed in a couple of years.
The aim of the other research field is to identify alternatives for combining various nano-structures with common everyday materials in order to improve some of their functional properties. Today, the greatest amount of attention is being given to the implementation of carbon-nanotubes. In co-operation with Estiko-Plastar, opportunities are being examined in order to diminish the importance of oil products in plastic materials; to increase the durability of certain building materials while diminishing the energy consumption requirements of production processes in co-operation with the Clay Processing Service and some other partners; solutions for increasing the durability of textile production and decreasing raw material content are being studied with Haine Ribbon Factory. In addition to the implementation of carbon-nanotubes, functional surface treatment materials such as electro-optical glass which is based on nano and micro-structures are being developed in co-operation with Andrese Klaas and Printcenter Estonia.
Software Technologies and Applications Competence Centre (STACC – Software CC)
The main fields for the STACC include software development methodologies (software systems which work faster, better and have higher levels of quality), and data extraction methods, or how to outsource interesting and important information from bulk data collections.
Such research will result in methods for analysing the e-healthcare information in order to improve public health and provide high-quality diagnostic tools, analytical methods ensuring personal privacy (such as in health care, or banking) and alternatives for developing better software, for example.
The most well-known technological partners of the CC are Webmedia, Regio, Cybernetica, Quretec, Logica and KnowIT and Skype, Swedbank, Delfi and the East Tallinn Medical Centre as the users of such technologies.
OÜ Bio-Competence Centre of Healthy Dairy Products (CC)
The research by this CC focuses on the development of innovative, research-based platforms for the development of sustainable milk production and novel healthy products.
The main research fields include biotechnology and human health.
Breeders of livestock and geneticists, feeding specialists, microbiologists, milk technologists, nutrition specialists, bio-chemists and doctors have joined together their efforts within the framework of the CC projects in order to scientifically digest and improve the milk production chain as a whole, starting from the breeding and feeding of livestock, and ending up with the production of healthy milk products. The aim is to increase the competitiveness of the dairy sector of Estonia. The objective of the centre is to use new biotechnical methods to create new solutions and new, innovative technologies for the production of health-supporting, research-based products which aim to help mitigate diseases, which are required on the domestic market and which feature a high export potential.
The participants are the dairy cooperative, E-Piim, the Animal Breeders Association of Estonia, Starter ST OÜ, the Estonian University of Life Sciences, and the University of Tartu. The partners are a collection of smaller and larger dairy companies and farms.
For example, Lactobacillus plantarum TENSIA™, a bacteria which affects blood pressure, was discovered and developed as the result of co-operation ties between the researchers of the Bio-Competence Centre at Healthy Dairy Products and the University of Tartu; the bacteria was used by the dairy co-operative, E-Piim, to produce a healthy cheese brand called Südamejuust (Heart-Friendly Cheese).
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