Description
The processes of interpreting our senses to provide order and meaning to the environment
The processes of interpreting our
senses to provide order and
meaning to the environment.
COMPONENTS OF PERCEPTION
Perceiver
Situation
Target
Mahmood Qasim
SUBPROCESS OF PERCEPTION
Mahmood Qasim
PERCEPTUAL SELECTIVITY
Mahmood Qasim
PERCEPTUAL SELECTIVITY
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor
LIGHT LIGHT
A loud noise - Soft
noise
Strong odor - Weak
odor
Bright light - Dim light
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor
A big supervisor will receive
more attention against a small
one.
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor
External stimuli which stand out
against the background or which
are not what people are
expecting will receive their
attention.
DANGER DANGER
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor
A repeated external stimulus is ,ore
attention getting than a single one.
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor
The End
The Beginning
We pay more attention to moving
objects in their field of vision than
they will to stationary objects.
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor.
New objects or events in a familiar
setting or familiar objects or events in a
new setting will draw the attention of
the perceiver.
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
TURN
OFF THE
THE
ENGINE
M-A-C-T-A-I-V-H
M-A-C-D-O-N-A-L-D
M-A-C-B-E-T-H
M-A-C-H-I-N-E-R-Y
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
FLY
TIE
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Closure
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Proximity
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Similarity
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Continuity
Cna yuo raed tihs? Olny 55 plepoe out of 100 can.
i cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was
rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid,
aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it
dseno’t mtaetr in waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are, the
olny iproamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the
rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll
raed it whotuit a pboerlm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid
deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.
Azanmig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was
ipmorantt!
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Mahmood Qasim
Social Perception
Mahmood Qasim
Social Perception
Mahmood Qasim
Social Perception
Mahmood Qasim
Kelley’s Model of Attribution
Example of Organizational
Behavior (poor performance of
an associate)
Types of information /
observation
Attribution
Modes
Co-workers are also performing poorly on this task.
The associate dose not do well on this task during
only one time period
The associate does well on other tasks, but not this
one.
Co-workers are performing very well on this task.
The associate does not do well on this task at any
one time.
The associate does poorly on other task as well as
this one.
High Consensus
High Consistency
Low Consistency
High
Distinctiveness
Low Consensus
Low Distinctiveness
Situational
Attribution
External
(Situational or
environmenta
l factors)
Dispositional
Attributions
Internal
(personal
factors)
Mahmood Qasim
Social Perception
Mahmood Qasim
Social Perception
Mahmood Qasim
Impression Management
Mahmood Qasim
Impression Management
Mahmood Qasim
1.
2.
3.
Questions for Discussion
Discuss how differences in the experiences of students and
professors might affect their perceptions of students’ written work and
class comments.
Discuss the occupational stereotypes that you hold of computer
programmers, clerks, mini wagon drivers, waiters, bankers. How do
you think these stereotypes have developed? Has an occupational
stereotype ever caused you to commit a socially embarrassing error
when meeting someone for the first time?
Suppose an employee does a particularly poor job on an assigned
project. Discuss the attribution process that this person’s manager will
use to form judgments about this poor performance. Be sure to
discuss how the manager will use consistency, consensus, and
distinctiveness cues.
Mahmood Qasim
Questions for Discussion
What kind of things people might do to be able to enhance the
impressions they leave on others in organizations?
Describe an organizational situation in which it would be important to
judge whether someone’s behavior stems primarily from internal or
external causes.
How do stereotypes influence the way we judge others in
organizations? How may stereotypical judgments be overcome?
Differentiate Sensation and Perception. Explain how does Halo Effect
impact our decision making.
Define perception. Explain the various factors that affect perception.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Mahmood Qasim
doc_254920444.pptx
The processes of interpreting our senses to provide order and meaning to the environment
The processes of interpreting our
senses to provide order and
meaning to the environment.
COMPONENTS OF PERCEPTION
Perceiver
Situation
Target
Mahmood Qasim
SUBPROCESS OF PERCEPTION
Mahmood Qasim
PERCEPTUAL SELECTIVITY
Mahmood Qasim
PERCEPTUAL SELECTIVITY
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor
LIGHT LIGHT
A loud noise - Soft
noise
Strong odor - Weak
odor
Bright light - Dim light
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor
A big supervisor will receive
more attention against a small
one.
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor
External stimuli which stand out
against the background or which
are not what people are
expecting will receive their
attention.
DANGER DANGER
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor
A repeated external stimulus is ,ore
attention getting than a single one.
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor
The End
The Beginning
We pay more attention to moving
objects in their field of vision than
they will to stationary objects.
Mahmood Qasim
External Attention Factor.
New objects or events in a familiar
setting or familiar objects or events in a
new setting will draw the attention of
the perceiver.
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
TURN
OFF THE
THE
ENGINE
M-A-C-T-A-I-V-H
M-A-C-D-O-N-A-L-D
M-A-C-B-E-T-H
M-A-C-H-I-N-E-R-Y
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
Mahmood Qasim
Internal Set Factors
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
FLY
TIE
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Closure
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Proximity
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Similarity
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Continuity
Cna yuo raed tihs? Olny 55 plepoe out of 100 can.
i cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was
rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid,
aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it
dseno’t mtaetr in waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are, the
olny iproamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the
rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll
raed it whotuit a pboerlm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid
deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.
Azanmig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was
ipmorantt!
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Mahmood Qasim
Perceptual Organization
Mahmood Qasim
Social Perception
Mahmood Qasim
Social Perception
Mahmood Qasim
Social Perception
Mahmood Qasim
Kelley’s Model of Attribution
Example of Organizational
Behavior (poor performance of
an associate)
Types of information /
observation
Attribution
Modes
Co-workers are also performing poorly on this task.
The associate dose not do well on this task during
only one time period
The associate does well on other tasks, but not this
one.
Co-workers are performing very well on this task.
The associate does not do well on this task at any
one time.
The associate does poorly on other task as well as
this one.
High Consensus
High Consistency
Low Consistency
High
Distinctiveness
Low Consensus
Low Distinctiveness
Situational
Attribution
External
(Situational or
environmenta
l factors)
Dispositional
Attributions
Internal
(personal
factors)
Mahmood Qasim
Social Perception
Mahmood Qasim
Social Perception
Mahmood Qasim
Impression Management
Mahmood Qasim
Impression Management
Mahmood Qasim
1.
2.
3.
Questions for Discussion
Discuss how differences in the experiences of students and
professors might affect their perceptions of students’ written work and
class comments.
Discuss the occupational stereotypes that you hold of computer
programmers, clerks, mini wagon drivers, waiters, bankers. How do
you think these stereotypes have developed? Has an occupational
stereotype ever caused you to commit a socially embarrassing error
when meeting someone for the first time?
Suppose an employee does a particularly poor job on an assigned
project. Discuss the attribution process that this person’s manager will
use to form judgments about this poor performance. Be sure to
discuss how the manager will use consistency, consensus, and
distinctiveness cues.
Mahmood Qasim
Questions for Discussion
What kind of things people might do to be able to enhance the
impressions they leave on others in organizations?
Describe an organizational situation in which it would be important to
judge whether someone’s behavior stems primarily from internal or
external causes.
How do stereotypes influence the way we judge others in
organizations? How may stereotypical judgments be overcome?
Differentiate Sensation and Perception. Explain how does Halo Effect
impact our decision making.
Define perception. Explain the various factors that affect perception.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Mahmood Qasim
doc_254920444.pptx