PLASTIC RECYCLING PROCESS AND NGO WORK
Rishab - 50
CONTENTS
• • • • • • • • • • • • • What is Plastic ? Uses of Plastics-Statistics Types of Plastic Percentage that can be recycled Why recycle plastic ? What is plastic recycling ? How is plastic recycled ? Types of Plastic Recycling Processes of Plastic Recycling Hindrances in Plastic recycling NGO work Recycling Facts & Benefits Conclusion
What is Plastic ?
• The word ‘PLASTIC’ is derived from the Greek words ‘PLASSIEN’ and ‘PLASTIKOS’ meaning to mould or shape a soft substance permanent or temporary. It is a commercial class of substances. • Plastics are of two types: (a) THERMOSET plastics undergo an irreversible chemical reaction with the combination of resins like phenol etc. (b) THERMOPLASTS are processed by melting and softening and can be molded into different shapes.This process is reversible and these plastics can be melted and reshaped,such properties make plastics ‘RECYCLABLE’.
Uses of Plastics - Statistics
Types Of Plastic
? PET ? Polyethylene Terephthalate - Fizzy drink bottles and oven-ready meal trays. ? HDPE ? High-density Polyethylene - Bottles for milk and washing-up liquids. ? PVC ? Polyvinyl Chloride - Food trays, cling film, bottles for squash, mineral water and shampoo.
More…
? LDPE ? Low density polyethylene - Carrier bags and bin liners. ? PP ? Polypropylene - Margarine tubs, microwaveable meal trays.
? PS ? Polystyrene - Yoghurt pots, foam meat or fish trays, hamburger boxes and egg cartons, vending cups, plastic cutlery, protective packaging for electronic goods and toys.
? OTHER ? Any other plastics that do not fall into any of the above categories - An example is melamine, which is often used in plastic plates and cups.
Percentage that can be recycled
? About 7% of all household waste is plastic. ? Annually, 3 million tonnes of plastic rubbish are produced. ? 57% of litter found on beaches is plastic. ? In 2001,only 7% of all plastic was recycled.
Why recycle plastic ?
? Conservation of non-renewable fossil fuels - Plastic production uses 8% of the world's oil production. ? Reduced consumption of energy. ? Reduced amounts of solid waste going to landfill. ? Reduced emissions of carbon-dioxide (CO2), nitrogen-oxide (NO) and sulphurdioxide (SO2).
What is Plastic Recycling ?
Plastic recycling is the process of reprocessing plastic that already has been used before and giving it some new reusable form.
How is plastic recycled ?
The steps to be followed in the plastic recycling are enumerated below :Collecting recyclable plastic waste, Categorizing the recyclable plastic waste, Processing the categorized plastic waste, accordingly into various raw materials, Manufacturing of new products from these raw materials.
• • •
•
Types Of Plastic Recycling
• Process Scrap Recycling : The left over products or polymers are comparatively unpolluted and the process of recycling them is simple and cost-effective as well. • Post-Use Scrap Recycling : Plastic products that have been used and thrown away, are recycled by the post-use plastic recycling process.
More…
• Mechanical Plastic Recycling : Plastics are classified according to their polymer type. Afterwards the plastic should have to melted or made into a new shape. Apart from this, the plastic waste is first shredded, then melted and then processed into granules. • Feedstock or Chemical Plastic Recycling : This method of plastic recycling, involves the breaking down of polymers, which can then be used in various industries. This is the most costly method of plastic recycling.
Processes of Plastic Recycling
• Monomer Recycling : condensation polymer essentially undergoes the inverse of the polymerization reaction • Thermal depolymerisation : Like natural petroleum, the chemicals produced can be made into fuels as well as polymers. • Heat Compression : takes all unsorted, cleaned plastic in all forms, from soft plastic bags to hard industrial waste, and mixes the load in tumblers • Other processes : A process has also been developed in which many kinds of plastic can be used as a carbon source in the recycling of scrap steel.
Hindrances in Plastic Recycling
• The chemical composition of plastic, makes it one of the difficult items to be recycled. Plastics have low entropy,because of which it is hazardous to mix with the other polymers and/or chemicals. • The vast use of dyes and other additives in the plastics, makes them very hard to reprocess. • The process of removing additives from plastic is very costly and it has the risk of destroying the plastic completely.
NGO WORK
• A survey carried out by an NGO recently revealed that the Guwahati city produces about 5,000 kg plastic waste a day in the form of carry bags, glass, bottles, disposable syringe, various packets, wrappers, etc. The survey was conducted by Environ, a city-based NGO to find out the total volume of plastic waste in Assam in general and in the city in particular. As the use of polythene bags cannot be stopped, the NGO laid stress on recycling of plastic wastes.
More…
• A 15-year-old boy named Yash Joshi from Mumbai in India has found a simple way to recycle plastic bottles, carrier bags and packaging using a converted bicycle pump. The teenager's idea has been short-listed for the St Andrews Prize, an environmental innovation award, which will be presented at the University of St Andrews next month.
NGO Details :• Kagad Kach Patra Kashtakari Panchyat (Association of Wastepickers) 89, New Timber Market, Bhawani Peth, Pune – 411042 (M.H.) Phone No : 020 – 25676408 Fax : 020 – 25676408 Mobile: 09422318891 Email: [email protected] Contact person: Ms. Laxmi Narayan (Enhancing environmental and social benefits from municipal solid waste management)
Recycling Facts & Benefits :
• By recycling 1 plastic bottle not only saves anywhere from 100 to 1000 years in the landfill but also saves the environment from the emissions in producing new bottles as well as the oil used to produce that bottle. • For every 1 ton of plastic that is recycled we save the equivalent of 2 people’s energy use for 1 year, the amount of water used by 1 person in 2 month’s time and almost 2000 pounds of oil.
More…
• Today the most common products in cities recycling programs are paper products, cardboard, plastic, glass and aluminum. • The first plastic made from crude oil is Virgin Plastic. It costs Rs 50 a kg. Only three manufacturers produce it in India: Reliance, GAIL and Haldia. Reliance is the biggest producer producing about 50,000 kgs a day.
CONCLUSION
• Plastics can be recycled and reused. • Each time a plastic is recycled, its quality decreases and after about five rounds of recycling, when the lowest quality plastic is obtained, disposal is a big problem. • Plastics come from petroleum, which is infinite, and wars have taken (and are taking) place over it while forests are at least renewable.
It is possible...
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• We would like to thank Prof. Kalpana Rai Menon for giving us the opportunity to present this presentation in front of you all.
THANKS !!!
doc_579390179.ppt
Rishab - 50
CONTENTS
• • • • • • • • • • • • • What is Plastic ? Uses of Plastics-Statistics Types of Plastic Percentage that can be recycled Why recycle plastic ? What is plastic recycling ? How is plastic recycled ? Types of Plastic Recycling Processes of Plastic Recycling Hindrances in Plastic recycling NGO work Recycling Facts & Benefits Conclusion
What is Plastic ?
• The word ‘PLASTIC’ is derived from the Greek words ‘PLASSIEN’ and ‘PLASTIKOS’ meaning to mould or shape a soft substance permanent or temporary. It is a commercial class of substances. • Plastics are of two types: (a) THERMOSET plastics undergo an irreversible chemical reaction with the combination of resins like phenol etc. (b) THERMOPLASTS are processed by melting and softening and can be molded into different shapes.This process is reversible and these plastics can be melted and reshaped,such properties make plastics ‘RECYCLABLE’.
Uses of Plastics - Statistics
Types Of Plastic
? PET ? Polyethylene Terephthalate - Fizzy drink bottles and oven-ready meal trays. ? HDPE ? High-density Polyethylene - Bottles for milk and washing-up liquids. ? PVC ? Polyvinyl Chloride - Food trays, cling film, bottles for squash, mineral water and shampoo.
More…
? LDPE ? Low density polyethylene - Carrier bags and bin liners. ? PP ? Polypropylene - Margarine tubs, microwaveable meal trays.
? PS ? Polystyrene - Yoghurt pots, foam meat or fish trays, hamburger boxes and egg cartons, vending cups, plastic cutlery, protective packaging for electronic goods and toys.
? OTHER ? Any other plastics that do not fall into any of the above categories - An example is melamine, which is often used in plastic plates and cups.
Percentage that can be recycled
? About 7% of all household waste is plastic. ? Annually, 3 million tonnes of plastic rubbish are produced. ? 57% of litter found on beaches is plastic. ? In 2001,only 7% of all plastic was recycled.
Why recycle plastic ?
? Conservation of non-renewable fossil fuels - Plastic production uses 8% of the world's oil production. ? Reduced consumption of energy. ? Reduced amounts of solid waste going to landfill. ? Reduced emissions of carbon-dioxide (CO2), nitrogen-oxide (NO) and sulphurdioxide (SO2).
What is Plastic Recycling ?
Plastic recycling is the process of reprocessing plastic that already has been used before and giving it some new reusable form.
How is plastic recycled ?
The steps to be followed in the plastic recycling are enumerated below :Collecting recyclable plastic waste, Categorizing the recyclable plastic waste, Processing the categorized plastic waste, accordingly into various raw materials, Manufacturing of new products from these raw materials.
• • •
•
Types Of Plastic Recycling
• Process Scrap Recycling : The left over products or polymers are comparatively unpolluted and the process of recycling them is simple and cost-effective as well. • Post-Use Scrap Recycling : Plastic products that have been used and thrown away, are recycled by the post-use plastic recycling process.
More…
• Mechanical Plastic Recycling : Plastics are classified according to their polymer type. Afterwards the plastic should have to melted or made into a new shape. Apart from this, the plastic waste is first shredded, then melted and then processed into granules. • Feedstock or Chemical Plastic Recycling : This method of plastic recycling, involves the breaking down of polymers, which can then be used in various industries. This is the most costly method of plastic recycling.
Processes of Plastic Recycling
• Monomer Recycling : condensation polymer essentially undergoes the inverse of the polymerization reaction • Thermal depolymerisation : Like natural petroleum, the chemicals produced can be made into fuels as well as polymers. • Heat Compression : takes all unsorted, cleaned plastic in all forms, from soft plastic bags to hard industrial waste, and mixes the load in tumblers • Other processes : A process has also been developed in which many kinds of plastic can be used as a carbon source in the recycling of scrap steel.
Hindrances in Plastic Recycling
• The chemical composition of plastic, makes it one of the difficult items to be recycled. Plastics have low entropy,because of which it is hazardous to mix with the other polymers and/or chemicals. • The vast use of dyes and other additives in the plastics, makes them very hard to reprocess. • The process of removing additives from plastic is very costly and it has the risk of destroying the plastic completely.
NGO WORK
• A survey carried out by an NGO recently revealed that the Guwahati city produces about 5,000 kg plastic waste a day in the form of carry bags, glass, bottles, disposable syringe, various packets, wrappers, etc. The survey was conducted by Environ, a city-based NGO to find out the total volume of plastic waste in Assam in general and in the city in particular. As the use of polythene bags cannot be stopped, the NGO laid stress on recycling of plastic wastes.
More…
• A 15-year-old boy named Yash Joshi from Mumbai in India has found a simple way to recycle plastic bottles, carrier bags and packaging using a converted bicycle pump. The teenager's idea has been short-listed for the St Andrews Prize, an environmental innovation award, which will be presented at the University of St Andrews next month.
NGO Details :• Kagad Kach Patra Kashtakari Panchyat (Association of Wastepickers) 89, New Timber Market, Bhawani Peth, Pune – 411042 (M.H.) Phone No : 020 – 25676408 Fax : 020 – 25676408 Mobile: 09422318891 Email: [email protected] Contact person: Ms. Laxmi Narayan (Enhancing environmental and social benefits from municipal solid waste management)
Recycling Facts & Benefits :
• By recycling 1 plastic bottle not only saves anywhere from 100 to 1000 years in the landfill but also saves the environment from the emissions in producing new bottles as well as the oil used to produce that bottle. • For every 1 ton of plastic that is recycled we save the equivalent of 2 people’s energy use for 1 year, the amount of water used by 1 person in 2 month’s time and almost 2000 pounds of oil.
More…
• Today the most common products in cities recycling programs are paper products, cardboard, plastic, glass and aluminum. • The first plastic made from crude oil is Virgin Plastic. It costs Rs 50 a kg. Only three manufacturers produce it in India: Reliance, GAIL and Haldia. Reliance is the biggest producer producing about 50,000 kgs a day.
CONCLUSION
• Plastics can be recycled and reused. • Each time a plastic is recycled, its quality decreases and after about five rounds of recycling, when the lowest quality plastic is obtained, disposal is a big problem. • Plastics come from petroleum, which is infinite, and wars have taken (and are taking) place over it while forests are at least renewable.
It is possible...
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• We would like to thank Prof. Kalpana Rai Menon for giving us the opportunity to present this presentation in front of you all.
THANKS !!!
doc_579390179.ppt